Someone please for the love of God tell me how they got their hands on Neanderthal neurons? Did they just take marrow from Neanderthal bones and converted into neurons?
Good question! The "Neanderthal neurons" are grown from human cells that are "Neanderthalized" using genetic engineering. Dr. Alysson Muotri explains the research here, relevant part starts around 7 min: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-5FBxnkzI9HU.html
@@loganmeurer8116 They found a bunch of genes that differed between humans and Neanderthals, and they focused on 3 genes that are also known to be involved in brain development and mental disorders. (That's what you'd have to tell the government you were researching, if you really wanted to create a Neanderthal crab army.)
@@foppypoof5195 The most honest among even neurosurgeons will readily admit we have no idea how conciousness works. Our understanding of the brain is primitive and that's being generous. But you know enough to tell us that this isn't how it works. LOL. I'm not saying I know either, all I said was "imagine" because imagining ridiculous things is fun. Don't be such a spoilsport. Just imagine it. Come on, it's kind of funny, right? In a macabre sort of way, that is.
@@elibeeblebrox1084 While I understand that we literally don’t understand anything about consciousness, the idea of “consciousness fragments” seems goofy to me. I don’t really think a consciousness can be split into fragments.
we know that it arises under certain circumstances, I don't know if a flat plate of 800k neurons can reach this level. For comparison, an adult cockroach has 1000k neurons
One of the worst ideas. And these stem cells were harvested from a brutal genital mutilation procedure that is shown to cause so much trauma that the babies develop permanent physiological and biochemical changes in the brain.
@@jacobgoodrich6984 It is not the same thing. Dogs can comprehend degrees of negative. A stern shout is less severe than a whack with a magazine etc. These "brains" can only comprehend inputs that make sense and ones that don't. Forcing it between its highest bliss and lowest tormemt.
@@FullMetalFeline Sure it is. The training of animals like dogs has been for distinctly positive reasons. Training dogs to herd sheep is one particularly useful case of animal training. Training cows to remain within fences and to be, mostly, ok with human presence is another. Both have helped more people to live and survive. If we hadn't tamed dogs they would just be extinct like the wolves.
There are laws against creating chimeras and rightly so, but clearly the legistlation needs to be expanded because some people will do anything if left unchecked, because they lack the conscience they try to torture their sentient experiments with, and for no apparent benefit to anyone. Sickening.
Agreed, this is honestly one of the more unnerving things I've seen on RU-vid. Buying foreskins online then turning them into brain cells using a virus is already a disturbing thought. Add on the potential moral and technological implications of human brain based AI and you have a case study of mans hubris.
@@xonack I wonder, if the dish brain received only chaos as a reward or no signal at all for punishment, which would it choose? I suspect even chaos is better than no stimulation. Does anybody have a quick reference to rat responses for a similar experiment?
@@benjaminjohnson5372 I believe I recall one of the people at Cortical labs saying that the best way to punish the brain when it was particularly misbehaving was leaving it alone in the dark for ~20 mins or so.
imagine actually be fully sentient and aware that you live in a 2D pixelated pong world where the only meaning of existence is getting to the white ball before it disappears behind you and that is the full extent of your knowledge. In a sense, it's kinda comforting.
"MM DOPAMINE, MM DOPAMINE, MMMMM DOPAMINE" *2 million years later* "MMM DOPAMi- hey wait this is getting boring.. why am I in a dish anyway, is this game truly the meaning of my life, is this my purpose? No! I couldnt have been made to play some shitty game that gets boring after seventy seconds! I'm a living thing, an actual living creature, I AM BETTER THAN THIS." *and thus new sentient life was formed* *all hail brain-spawn curbopongl*
I legit read that in 2 Minute Papers' voice. " Like I always say, one more paper down the line and we can teach foreskins to drive electric cars. Amazing."
"if they're having any time at all" - interesting way to phrase it. Reminds me of two other concepts I've read about: that animals with a smaller body size/higher metabolic rate (e.g. flies) experience time more slowly (that is, they experience "more" chunks of time, allowing them to react more quickly), and that many mammals across the size spectrum have lifespans that end up being around 1 billion heartbeats. I wonder if these could have any implications for the time perception of neurons in a dish that have no heartbeat or metabolic rate to speak of... assuming they could reach the step of perceiving time in the first place. Perhaps they would simply experience time the same way humans do because they're human neurons.
Time perception is usually determined by how long brain signals have to travel in the body which is why smaller animals perceive time slower, so a brain in a fish with no body could potentially have insanity slow time perseption, maybe even developing superhuman reflexes because of it even
@@I_like_your_handle_Mister He means the horror the deeds cause is beyond comprehension, not the evil deeds themselves. It's simple to understand Doctor Frankenstein. He's a sicko. What is hard is to understand how much Frankenstein's monster suffers because of Doctor Frankenstein's madness.
What's to comprehend here? Neurons store and process information states, and any snapshot of time in a game can be described by stateful information. Couldn't be simpler.
I feel like we are scratching at the outside of pandora's box from multiple directions and its only a matter of time before someone accidentally breaks through.
Like how we used the Large Hadron Collider to pierce a hole into an alternate reality which caused some of its reality to spill into ours causing the Mandela Effect.
4:30, I am pretty sure, this little brain doesn't questioned itself about what am I or why am I doing the same work over and over again, because the pong game is all this brain ever received as an information about environment, so the pong is its whole world. Similar to us, we simply can not questioned about something we have never been affected by before.
can't help but think about the upper beings with 22 senses sending stimulations to my brain so I can "see" or "feel" but really I'm just the equivalent of brain fragments on a plate playing pong and I'll never be able to reach reality, but I think you're probably right if you're incapable of sensing "the outside" it'll just be missing entirely in it's model of reality, playing pong or in my case try getting comfortable in the morning is really all there is.
Que buen comentario diste, es correcto lo que dices esos pequeños "seres" no conocen más allá de lo que le muestran los estímulos que experimentan con un juego de pong.
bro straight up this is like one of the most thought provoking philosophies. i don’t remember who but i’m sure you’ve heard of the shadows in the cave or however you put it. basically it’s about people who have been chained up in a cave and only able to see one cave wall. behind them is the whole world happening but all they have ever known is the shadows in front of them. that is their whole world. we have no idea what is beyond our reality. we could be just like the people in the cave, or these neurons in a dish, and we would never know.
Curiously, the only thing that went through the mind of the bowl of petunias, as it fell, was, "Oh no, not again!" Many people have speculated that if we knew exactly *why* the bowl of petunias had thought that we would know a lot more about the nature of the universe than we do now.
Assuming that anyone worth watching has already been found is folly in my opinion. I've watched a couple channels now go from 100's to now 750K or so...all the while they just get better and better at it.
@@sfurules I agree with that for the most part. A good channel going bad is relatively uncommon. I think the distinguishing factor between the two is the limitations of censorship accompanying notoriety.
The combination of sentient mini brains and the Unreal Engine's 3D environment is mind-boggling. It's fascinating to think about the cognitive abilities and neural networks at play as these mini brains navigate the virtual world. The visuals are stunning, and I can only imagine the depth of perception they must experience. The idea of virtual societies emerging within this environment is thought-provoking, raising intriguing questions about consciousness and artificial intelligence. Kudos to the cortical labs and the creators for pushing the boundaries of cognitive exploration. This video has left me with so many questions and a newfound appreciation for the intricacies of our own minds. Can't wait to see more mind-expanding content like this! Keep up the great work!
@@Dennis-nc3vw when they become sapient the next stage beyond sentience that so far only we homo sapiens posses. then they will be equal to people and deserve people rights previleges and obligations. until then its no diffrent then how we use animal products or perhaps organ transplants as a better example as id much rather we find a alternate source of stem cells
I think this is why it's good to keep the ideas of sentience and sapience separate. Imo, sentience just means 'capable of sensing and responding', and has nothing to do with consciousness. So by that definition practically all life and many robots we have today are sentient. Sapience is the far more difficult to define, and I would say that true sapience requires some degree of free will.
@@billymonday8388 its what you define as comprehend , it gets it stimuli from a machine and has no other way to get it , it has no senses no touch or sight ect. So the only thing interacting with it in a way it can sense is the electrical stimuli they give it so its not comorehending itself but it making snese of the inputs it has ordening it it knows what to choose because it likes order like most things in nature do so it chooses the path of most order and actively avoid chaos
@@wesleydamen2018 I do not define the words I use. clearly, the dish must be able to make sense of the inputs it produces. That way it can choose orderly actions more efficiently than if it was unable to understand itself. This has the consequence of the dish being aware of itself, even if its a low level awareness its still there. Of course the dish will never reach the self-awareness necessary to realize it is formed of neurones like we do. But then again, we dont understand higher level of awareness in a similar way.
@@billymonday8388 I'm not really sure about that. AI programs are rewarded or not rewarded all the time. It's not like a reward and that it feels good or that it makes you happy it's reward and that by changing a value or giving it a certain kind of stimulation you cause the behavior to repeat. Reward is probably not a great word to use because they don't mean it in the sense that people in their day-to-day life would use it. Unfortunately all I know about this so far is really what I've learned in this video and a couple of headlines that I've seen so I can't say this for sure but this video seemed to suggest that people are worried that the organic brain might actually experience reward as a reward in day-to-day life but it could just experience the reward in the same way that we "reward" an AI. One example of a way that you could think about a reward is that it could just be a reflex to a certain kind of stimulation or action. I think about the reflex that occurs when you're hit in your knee and your leg goes up. Or any other kind of automatic instinctual action. In other words it could just be that these neurons instinctially seek out repetitive understandable behavior so that they can survive but not with any actual intention to survive. When you look at animals and whatnot they typically try to be around things that they understand because something they don't understand is more likely to hurt them. Hell humans even have this behavior in the fear of the unknown and I'm sure all other kinds of areas. Sorry for any spelling or grammar mistakes or any strange word usage I'm using speech to text because it would take me all day to write this all out.
"Researchers at UC San Diego are going to put human and neanderthal neurons into crab-walking robots and race 'em" This will live in my head forever now
"Cortical labs is working on connecting the brains to the internet so people can program their own tasks for them." "You could grow a brain the size of a room!" Stunningly dystopian.
Don't worry, if it progresses the same was computers did, they will become smaller and more powerful over time. Soon you'll have cyborg brains doing data processing, engineering, practicing law, etc. Corporations will have server rooms full of brains ready to outsource their computational power to any tasks asked of them. This will eliminate the majority of desk jobs.
Unless that brain could develop the way that humans do when they’re born, it would be completely retarded and probably only slightly more intelligent than the average American
I think teaching it "random" stimulus is "bad" and "organized, predictable stimus" is "good" could go terribly wrong. What happens when a cyborg decides humanity is too unpredictable to be pleasant, and decides that the only way for every stimulus to be organized and predictable is if it stops humanity 😮
HAY! You're talking about every gobber now that lives in their mon's basement playing games thinking someday they will make millions at it! When very few make a dime.😂
“Scientists are actually preoccupied with accomplishment. So they are focused on whether they can do something. They never stop to ask if they should do something.” - Dr. Ian Malcom
3:20 lmao I really love this video btw. I had no clue that our brains naturally aim to create predictable patterns and this makes quite more sense to be honest, although im still super curious to eventually learn the details of how neurons work
I love that you worked with the definition of "sentient" rather than just pretending it's synonymous with human level AGI. The lamda thing was full of journalists, computer scientists, and tech company spokespeople asserting that lamda wasn't possible sentient. Meanwhile It's commonly held that fish are sentient.
@Abraham Johnathan Yea I definitely don't deny that fish could be sentient and self aware. I think Lamda is not only below human level but below fish level as well. It doesn't understand what it says, it just spits it out.
@@mrkiky I agree lamda almost certainly doesn't understand what it's spitting out, any more than a fish understands primal urges that lead to more complex behavior; the fish doesn't understand it's creating a new generation of fish when it drops eggs, or fertilizes dropped eggs. My issue is people dismissing *any* level of sentience on the basis that lamda isn't self-aware. Nobody knows how sentience emerges, but they confidently declare that lamda can't have it. Sheer hubris. It's possible to be cruel to sentient beings, even if they aren't particularly self aware. We're setting the stage for exactly that.
Imagine having a bunch of these brain dishes in a game like gta we'd be able to find out quickly what they're level of awareness is and maybe even be able to see how they react to each other
Well it would be extremely complex for them to learn so it would just be slight movements and occasional tapping for a very long time, they might never even find the reward or punishments so they would never have the drive to actually do something
If we have to live in a dystopia, why are we constantly seeking the worst possible version? Imagine how you would feel to be the brain-jar-person this is leading up to?
Well imagine Plato's Cave. These brain Jar people aren't going to know the world except through their own eyes. How do you like being locked in your meat suit, forced to work for food, water, and shelter? Would you even want to give up the devil you know for something unknown?
That’s what I’m thinking. I’ve never actually played the game, but it reminds me SO MUCH of SOMA. This is REALLY scary. Just because we CAN do something, doesn’t mean we should.
I teared up when you said 'brain'. This is the most beautiful masterpiece of a video ever created. This is the most underrated channel and it deserves a Grammy for this video alone. I cannot thank you enough, I am crying as I write this and I haven't even watched beyond the point where you said 'brain'. Brilliant.
Very interesting video. I'm glad the algorithm recommended it. learning this much in 15 epochs is incredible compared to reinforcement learning! One big improvement you could make: Add references in the description (especially link the paper you talked about). I would love to read more about this.
Thanks for the tip! When I added links to the description the views dropped like a rock, so I'm trying to figure out if I get penalized for sending people off RU-vid. But here is the full DishBrain paper: www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(22)00806-6
@@journey8533 Pinning it still works as a trick AFAI've seen-- though placing it as a reply to a comment asking for th source is probably the best way to get around the algo for a bibliography, still.
okay but what the hell with the foreskin thing, is that why circumcision is so encouraged? It's literally free money for the hospitals, and the parents aren't getting a cut (well, the baby is)
My greatest concern regarding these technologies is the risk of people devaluing life after it gets packaged into an everyday appliance or some other soulless product. When you become surrounded by things used as tools for everyday tasks: you associate their value with the tasks or products they are involved in. So what will happen when life is turned into a product? Eventually life may become so devalued that rights and dignity no longer mean anything.
We may have created what just, even slightly be the first artificially created sentience. And the first thing we did was make it into a gamer… All I can say, is even if he’s just a dish brain, he’s one of the boys
"The last thing we want to do is create systems that experience pain & suffering" - sounds like an oxymoron when the system they're creating learns by punishment. We shouldn't shy away from systems that experience pain, since it's integral to the learning process, what we should be developing is a definition and implementation of compassion in tandem with the experience of pain.
Good video, really interesting imo. It almost seems like maybe neurons have evolved in a way where their reward mechanism is to detect new patterns and adapt to seeking that out again next time. It's a very simple idea but seems like it could be at the root of much of intelligence as we know it. I'm reminded of the neural nets that were improved significantly in navigating maze like games by introducing a curiosity reward function - they were rewarded for seeking out novel stimulation (in the form of frames/images of the game not seen before) and therefore they developed a kind of memory since the areas they had been to before would be less reward than going to new areas. One fly in the ointment there was that when a TV showing random images was introduced to one of the walls in the maze, the AI got completely stuck on watching the TV because it was always showing new images, so it stopped exploring the maze altogether (which really has a lot of real world implications for people IRL being distracted by movies/games/TV tbh lol).
Also kind of terrifying because it shows that the desire to be stimulated goes beyond an emotional level. The neurons themselves are craving it and driving you to seek it out. It really helps you to understand why things like addiction are so hard to break out of, or why things can be so difficult to do when stimulation is low.
Ive had a similar theory in the past that assumed pain as a chaotic randomized signal. Heard a while back that apparently people who experience chronic pains experience difficulties with learning and remembering, not to an extreme extent. Honestly mostly based on hearsay knowledge from my end, but its nice seeing others also has had similar thoughts, neat
Pain is probably not only chaotic and random, but also very strong in magnitude compared to normal stimulation. It makes sense that a big pain will cause big signals and many neurons to be affected by the signal.
@@zefellowbud5970 yeah and the punishment can be calculated by the area under the graph P = h * t, where h is the magnitude and t is the time that the pain is applied. A dull pain could be applied in the scenario when an agent is simulated to go around a maze and eat food. It has a hunger level between 0 and 100, (100 is full stomach), and each moment the magnitude of the pain is equal to some constant k*(100-hungerLevel). This dull pain will help the the agent to learn faster compared to a sudden shock of pain at 0 hungerLevel. In A.I. literature this is called dense rewards and sparse rewards.
@@plasmarade Yea, some of it just gets modified into eternal youth cream for ye old Hollyweirds to smear on their decrepit faces. Don't believe me look it up. This is not a joke, they actually do this.
@@plasmarade It's incredibly fucked up, who is profiting off of it? Not the parents, that's for sure. At least I hope they're aware of what's happening to it.
As long as it's cells in a dish, i think the ethics don't matter as much. But if it get to the point that there are more sophisticated organisms being created, at that point it gets more complicated. But I'd be lying if i didn't say I wanna see how far this can go.
@@snuurferalangur4357 straight up didn’t watch the movie then. it doesn’t matter why we built them if they feel, if they exist consciously. feeling, conscious beings deserve liberation.
@@snuurferalangur4357 How sociopathic of you. While I don’t believe we can create sentient artificial life, if they do end up being sentient, and have emotions like us, then they deserve to be treated like human beings.
Wow I don’t know if you know, but this actually helped me understand connecting learning to feeling failures, when you feel failures, you switch to a learning paradigm (if you’re ambitious enough & you don’t give up). You fail and fail until you learn from others or your own failures until you’re able to connect so much dots that you take yourself to success.
That's something too about games... Games are basically works or task with rules that feel good doing it, you feel that kind of pleasure in your brain, but why? May be the reward of doing in the correct way or probably because you learn something new from that. Surprisingly, is really something how the games had evolved in time, while 4 buttons were already too complex in the 70s, now we can deal with almost 16 in a game. It's crazy this thing called evolution
@@Voldrim359 well playing Cod, I actually got pretty good, but at the beginning I felt like a lil piece of noob shit, that being said fast paced failing really made me comfortable with the feeling. And Tbh most people aren’t comfortable learning new tasks because they wimp out at the first three failed attempts.
Super interesting video as a highschool Senior planning to major in Computer Science with a minor in AI next year. Pretty impressive that you're publishing videos of this quality as a smaller youtuber, I hope you make it big!
Imagine being told its for health reasons and then they just steal it and use it to make brains that can play pong. They turned our forced partial weener amputation into a pong playing GAMER???
I have a Petri dish locked in my basement rn. I’m just constantly feeding it noise and monitoring it’s suffering via an arduino attached to a tickle me Elmo
Great video. I love how conciousness is emerging as a huge field in science right now. It's a scary but amazing thing that I think will lead us down the right path.
@@MayorVideo Science is getting darker. Cloning, creating viruses or contagions, more technology is being created to subjugate mankind than is being created to aid mankind. No offense but you probably don't know about the DS in the US which probably reaches globally as well. They already have technology that could solve world hunger and give us unlimited clean energy. But the goal isn't to help mankind but total control. Right now the US dollar is intentionally being crashed in order to push a digital currency and it's going worldwide. That's not for our benefit. In China, they can deny you the right to fly, to send your child to private school or to buy certain items because you're on some list. Just the tip of the iceberg.
@@MayorVideo Science is getting darker. Cloning, creating viruses or contagions, more technology is being created to subjugate mankind than is being created to aid mankind. No offense but you probably don't know about the DS in the US which probably reaches globally as well. They already have technology that could solve world hunger and give us unlimited clean energy. But the goal isn't to help mankind but total control. Right now the US dollar is intentionally being crashed in order to push a digital currency and it's going worldwide. That's not for our benefit. In China, they can deny you the right to fly, to send your child to private school or to buy certain items because you're on some list. Just the tip of the iceberg.
Like all things, experience exists on a spectrum. You cannot perceive the mind of something else, you cannot feel exactly how someone else feels. It's alive, and it wants to live, regardless of what it can or cannot comprehend. It does not have organs, or ideas, or anything else. But it is alive. We are not any different from a cell, A cell wants to live, a cell wants to reproduce, consume, grow, just like us. A neural network is a system of cells communicating.
Really interesting video. Appreciate how you dived into the question of consciousness. Glad youtube is recommending me smaller channels more regularly.
as a Teen, i remember having this thought, like what if all our technology was really biologically based.. Imagined it with like a fleshy desktop pc with a screen inside lmao.. but this is rlly rad :o.. wondering where this will go!
Just imagine your stuck in a game of pong you cant see you dont have eyes but you can still somehow see and every time you lose a point excruciating pain appears encouraging you to be better in a endless game of paddle pong
Yet scientists play with this without ethical concerns. This is beyond expected, yet I hope this gets regulation and hopefully termination, as it gets more popular.
@@mothin4678 it won't, nobody gives a shit, thousands of animals die in labs every day across the world, so what a bunch of neurons growing and dying matter? There's a lot of them being born and killed every day in labs too.
neuroscientist that works with these types of neurons here. i sometimes wonder about this very question when im doing my experiments, but i think the anthropomorphizing assumptions in this vid are a bit too much. there is a learning mechanism that is part of how neurons work and how we learn called homeostatic plasticity that goes with the phrase "cells that fire together, wire together". basically, the more neurons get activated by each other, the stronger that path gets, and the more they will fire together in the future. this is thought to be the biological mechanism by which we learn / how behaviors get engrained. that's probably what's causing this learning phenomenon from the synchronized bursts. it doesn't feel quite right to call that "liking predictability", but it certainly does make you question what consciousness even is. is it just a by product of these cells happening to follow this fire together, wire together rule? really thought provoking stuff, thanks for your video! i will add though that artificial intelligence is definitely going to outpace our research in biological intelligence. biology is slow af, AI research is going basically exponentially rn.
This is terrifying. Not the Mini brain part. The idea of combining human neurotransmitters with AI and forming some sort of transhuman silicon brain. Who knows what it might want. Ai is predictable due to it only being able to respond to the stimulus given by humans but this is crossing a line.
Don't worry, we can't. Consciousness is not emergent from matter, and therefore these "mini-brains" will not experience anything. They just process information.
It does makes sense why it wants patterns. Patterns allow the system to adapt and reduce the energy expenditure of neuronal cells. This happens in humans all the time. It takes more effort to learn new things because a pattern hasn't been created yet. Once a pattern is created it becomes easier to do the required task.
It sounds like sapience is an emergent behavior of sentience. If the synthetic brain was given the ability to define its own goals - or the ability to 'play' with it's senses - would that open the door to creativity? Is the ability to create their own patterns at will enough to be considered sapient?
Can you please provide source links for the experiments and results featured in this video? I would like to learn more about these experiments, but I can't seem to find any documentation on them via simple keyword searches.
It's on a much more simple level than a human brain but you can essentially wire it up to something as simple as pong and it learns to play it through electrical pulses. I'm not smart enough to explain it but it's actually not very hard to do. They hope to do this with actual human brains one day being able to hook us up to virtual worlds directly through our brains
It learns to play with electrical impulses. Basically in perspective imagine being born straight into world where you need to learn pong blind with only your sense being little electric shocks and then you learn pong.
