Languages of Italy 

its ok over all the details you always put in your video its nothing so dont worry about small mistakes

Unforgivable...

Romansh speaker here, cool video man

@@chriswas6614 Thank you

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Thanks, Pointdexter

There's unfortunately one big problem with those ancient languages: they're largely undocumented and have left little impact from which to understand them. We cannot know for sure

Later Ligurian has definitely some characteristics of Celtic from what we know of. However its likely in the case of some of these that they are probably just transitioning into Indo European influence and we dont know when exactly they started speaking an Indo European language.

Yes, it is very likely. The Etruscans were probably Phoenicians, (same clothes, same beard), and they also founded cities in the south of France, such as present-day Marseille, Sicily and Corse.

@@marksteiner507 given how the alphabet reached the romans I don't think the Etruscans were Phoenicians. If they were the latin alphabet would surely be different. Or maybe I just misunderstood your comment, but in any case they didn't speak a semitic language

@@marksteiner507 They were not Phoenicians. They were influenced by the Phoenicians and Greeks, but they were neither of them. The Etruscans were mostly descendants of Early European Farmers (EEF), coming from Anatolia and the Levant. By the time they entered in contact with people of Indo-European steppe-related ancestry, they were considered an autochthonous/indigenous people of the Italian peninsula.

The area of the Lombard is a bit larger. Thank you

Yes, the northernmost province of Piemonte (VCO) speaks Lombard not Piemontese. They voted to join Lombardy a few years ago but not enough people voted for it to count.

But will italian language dominate all the other languages in the italian peninsiuela same way Roman empire destroid all the other languages in the peninsiuela, that were not latin itself.

Very correct note. I should have included it

How could you represent a single location? More significant would be the official use of Spanish throughout the region for a century, right?

@@SergioSovi yes, you are right. But as far i know, the tiny region around alguer still speaks catalan, so it would be like a tiny part of sardinia, but yes, spanish could have been also represented in italy

You forgot Catalan, and Spanish, as languages of the upper class in southern Italy. As well as Norman French in Naples and Sicily. Also, yesterday I was wondering about languages of Italy, and in the next day, the video was posted, perfect timing!

@@pablojosemoralesidrovo9636 yes, although aragonese should be also considered. For example, in Sicily, Siracuse was called Zaragoza de Sicilia, and there is even a Barcelona in Sicily. I dont know if catalan or spanish was spoken a lot in some locations, but Alguer/Alguero should be considered to be catalan at least since the XIV century, when it was repopulated with people from tarragona i think

Thank you

Cultures and therefore people are wiped out very often. For them to survive and mature, develop, spread their roots is very rare and something to be treasured.

@@johnw574 Agreed! May this be a lesson ALL people who inhabit this earth!

We know that the Celtic language was of the 'p' Celtic group of languages which included Gaulish and native British. Of those only native British is still around in Britain and Brittany as Welsh,Cornish and Breton.

@@neilthornton3544 Indeed! Lepontic and Cisalpine Gaulish would be interesting to decipher and research but we need alot more evidence before this.

Those populations didn't leave so many written sources, and this was not because of the romans

Same did the italians during fascism against the slovenes and croatians.Italianization- fascism search in internet).

@@orkotron007 yes true, but in a different way. The fascists tried to forcefully assimilate the slavs by banning their language and enforcing Italian, although it was inefficient and the number of slavs increased and did not decrease during that period. Instead Tito simpy expelled the remaining italians from that land and about 15k of them were thrown into pits in the ground. Today only about 10-15k remain.

​@@orkotron007 True, but long before the Slavs moved to the area there was a very strong Venetian influence along the littoral which remained well through the 19th century. There probably wouldn't even have been a Mussolini if Woodrow Wilson hadn't been determined to give the Italians a mutilated victory and then it would have been a much more benign Italian influence. Less well know is that the South Slavs were probably the most dogged fighters for A H during the war which left a bad taste in the mouths of Italians considering Italy lost 650,000 soldiers with double that amount wounded and a devastated economy. Italy also expended more per capita fighting the war than any other country. A census just after the war showed that 49% per cent of the population of Fiume spoke Italian as their first tongue not an insignificant amount. The rest being split but not evenly between Istro-Rumeno Croatian, Hungarian, and German.

Thank you

Another irregularity in piedmont is the fact that a lot of valley on the border with France actually spoke occitans variants and again not piedmountese

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It's not known whether Avestan was an eastern or Western Iranian language, so Pashto can't be derived from it. As for Bactrian, it is not clear whether it is derived from it or Khwarezmian, as Sogdian is known to have developed into Yaghnobi. Bactrian is thought to be an ancestor of Yidgha and Munji, both possibly closer to Pashto than to other Eastern Iranian langauges

@@everettduncan7543 according to costas himself and other sources i have seen they say avestan was neither eastern not western iranic, it was kinda beside western branch and south of eastern branch below central asia developing in approximately exact borders of modern afghanistan from amu river up to helmand and kandahar to the south though i don't know how valid these sources are, anyway they say that avestan evolved into bactrian and bactrian into Pashto, so yes

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Also, many cities in Sicily used to speak galloitalic, like Corleone, where the galloitalic language died out. Now they speak sicilian

​@esti-od1mz How did Gallo-Italic speakers came to Southern Italy? What's the history behind that?

@@user-ol2fb9fo7r they ended up in Sicily alongside provençals and other latin groups to repopulated it after the muslims left. It was a policy campaign during all the norman kingdom and the Hoenstaufen dinasty. Where these groups did not find any previous sicilian population, they kept their dialects, otherwise they adopted sicilian

@@user-ol2fb9fo7r we emigrated from Piedmont and Liguria to Sicily and then Lucania/Basilicata a very long time ago, in the XIIIth century if I'm not mistaken. At the time and up to not so long ago Sicily was much richer than the north so our families sought better opportunities. My family's surnames are indeed originally Piedmontese despite we haven't lived there for hundreds of years, funnily enough now we "came back" to Piedmont in my family's case lol. Greetings from Turin!

Thank you for the additional information. Feedback is very helpful for improvement

Thank you for the additional information

Hyllested and Joseph do add that it is uncertain if Illyrian is really connected to Albanian-Messapic. Also, did Matzinger group Albanian-Messapic with Armenian, or is it just your view? Regarding this, it seems more much more likely that the Proto-Armenians migrated directly from the Steppe to the Caucasus at about 2500 BC, evidence for this includes the genetic evidence and the hypothesis that Hayasa-Azzi spoke Proto-Armenian.

@@Nastya_07 It’s not my view, Matzinger and Ackerman presented this last year; that the Albanian-Armenian-Messapic branch was a half-satemized branch of Paleo-Balkan languages that left the Steppes about three centuries after the Graeco-Phrygian migration and settled around where the Paeonians would later live. Illyrian, however, was part of the centum branch. There is ample genetic and linguistic evidence supporting the inclusion of Armenian, not only as a Paleo-Balkan language but also as part of this half-satemized group. The status of Hayasa-Azzi remains uncertain, while uniparental markers such as R1b-z2103 clearly links Armenians to the Balkans.

@@Elstocks21 Interesting, if such grouping exists, I'm thinking Daco-Thracian could be in some way closely related to it, as Albanian has been linked with Dacian (Georgiev, Kortlandt) and Armenian with Thracian proper (Diakonoff, Blažek, Kortlandt), though I know Matzinger has rejected the idea that Albanian is a descendant of Thracian. On the arrival or Armenian, it is true that the ethnicity of Hayasa-Azzi is still uncertain (though Proto-Armenian is very likely to me) but R1b-Z2103 was the most prominent haplogroup in Yamnaya, and there is genetic evidence of a movement of Yamnaya people to the South Caucasus at around 2500 BC.

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They come from information saved by ancient Greeks and Romans (Pliny the Elder, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Strabo, Diodorus of Sicily, Herodotus, Thucydides mainly for Sicily, Livius etc.

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Classical Latin was the formal language and varied in grammar and vocabulary than the Vulgar Latin spoken by most of the population

@@wirelessbluestone5983 yeah but they aren't two different languages. If this was the case, then every formal language would be two, as a Classic Italian and a Vulgar Italian, a Classic English and a Vulgar English and so forth

​​@@didonegiuliano3547 its because the two versions of the language are not mutually intelligible even tho they are related

Thnak you

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

They used Latin as the official language rather than Aragonese or Spanish. Aragonese was used in part of Sardinia. I had to note them down

@@CostasMelas yes, but spanish left a big mark in spoken sardinian nowadays…

The dialect from the province of Palermo has a definite Spanish influence.

It is a branch of the Tuscan Language

Thank you

You mean Sardinia

What you are saying is correct, (I am from Messina Sicily, a city founded by the Greek Chalcidians and called like Messenia - Greek region) Currently there are many surnames of Greek origin (Latinized) such as: Polimeni, Iaropoli, and in some areas of Calabria and Puglia speak Greek dialects. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-0e-aOheCFbY.htmlsi=3MLBkg1tZikh8FXR. Current song sung in Calabrian Greek dialect (Southern Italy)

@@giuseppecalderone9014 yes, my understanding is that Messina and Salento still have notable communities with Greek dialects spoken today. I just felt he under-evaluated how prevalent Greek still was in Eastern Sicily, the very tip of the Italian boot in Calabria, and large swaths of Puglia all the way into the early 20th century when Fascism caused the true decline of the Greek dialects to occur in these regions. We can definitely see the long lasting impact of Greek language all over the south of Italy, even Naples is just italicized Greek for “New City”. For the most part he accurately depicted the decline of Greek dialects in Italy, but I just felt he didn’t understand that they were still majority spoken languages well into the 20th century in some of these areas where he shows it fade off much earlier or at a wider scale than my understanding on the subject has shown. Btw, that’s a beautiful song, thank you for sharing 😁👍🏼

Albanian was spoken in many different areas that some people conveniently choose to forget. And here I'm not just talking about the Adriatic coast, but in what is now considered to have been Greek speaking areas viz. Northern Greece and Macedonia. Well into the 20th century Thessaloniki/Salonika was a largely Albanian/Turkish speaking city whilst Greek was only a small percentage. There was in effect an attempt to erase Albanian in those areas. That was largely not the case in many small communities in Southern Italy and Sicily where one can still hear Albanian spoken thanks to the permissive policies of the royal Bourbon government there and later that of united Italy. Italy always welcomed different cultural influences in its society Greece most assuredly did not. More recently Italy perhaps did not welcome Albanians fleeing that devastated country with open arms, but they did not send their army to the Greco Albanian border to prevent anyone form entering Greece. There are perhaps at least one million Albanians living in Italy today and admittedly not without some issues, but they are sending money home to their families you wouldn't get one Drachma from Greece.

@@Allan-cl8ie 😀😃😄😁😆😅🤣😂🙃

In almost all cases yes. And viceversa

Yeah, also because of the regionalism terms that we use. For example saying "Tengo una macchina rossa" instead of "Ho una macchina rossa" (I have a red car). Or things like "Scendo la spazzatura" wich is incorrect in standard Italian. Scendere = going down (Scendo le scale = Going down the stairs)

​@@LaudGuy_yep. I can tell if someone is from Northeern Italy if they use piuttosto che as o, for example, which is an error

Only some sources (such as Ethnologue and Glottolog) are classifying Venetian as Gallo-Italian, others group it with Italo-Dalmatian.

​​@@Nastya_07Venetian proper is distinctly different from older Gallo-Italic dialects of the Veneto mainland it went on to subsume after its late Middle Ages conquest, and which were closer to Lombard. Venetian sounds sweeter to the ear and closer to standard Italian.

@@stefanodadamo6809 Yeah, there are differences between Venetian and Gallo-Italian

Venetian classification is still debated

It was probably an Umbrian dialect

@@CostasMelas If you have distinguished Umbrian from Oscan, you should have also distinguished Picene. (it's the region where I live...LOL)

It is made. Watch the older videos

Some classifications still put it in Italo-Dalmatian, and there are differences between Venetian and the narrow Gallo-Italian varieties

Thank you. There are small differences mainly on the borders of the Piedmont

'A lengua sarda 'a chiù rossa r'o munno

@@burundi5427 bravo

The thing is that Liburnian is usually affiliated with Venetic or Illyrian which are both Indo-European

@@Nastya_07 yes, but it should not be

Despite Thucydides writing that the Elymians supposedly came from Troy, Hellanicus of Lesbos suggests they came from Italy instead, and modern scholars also prefer the Italic theory.

Because Bronze Age Greece is better documented and has more material evidence.

@@roddbroward9876 he started the video with the paleo Balkan group why didn’t he do the same for Illyrian and Thracian languages video

@@roddbroward9876 this guy is obviously biased I know what his true intentions are when he made that video

OP is Greek, of course he's biased. He thinks the whole world is Greek and owes something to Greeks.

and pigs *can* fly!

That's not actually true

Sure, but where is your evidence?

@@ignotumperignotius630 and Scandinavia was part of Greece too lol

@@NovemberTheHacker actually is truth