Wars in Asia - • Asia 2
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LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR
Perhaps the most politically confusing war of the 20th century! A war with many political twists and turns in Laos, a war that none of the belligerents admitted to taking place, a war where enemies even maintained diplomatic relations with each other, the so-called "Secret War" - likened to men sitting around a table chatting cordially while kicking each other underneath.
The Laotian Civil War was fought between the Communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao Government from 23 May 1959 to 2 December 1975. It is associated with the Cambodian Civil War and the Vietnam War, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers.
The North Vietnamese Army occupied the area to use for its Ho Chi Minh Trail supply corridor and as a staging area for offensives into South Vietnam. There was a second major theater of action on and near the northern Plain of Jars.
The North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao eventually emerged victorious in 1975 in the slipstream of the victory of the North Vietnamese army and the South Vietnamese Viet Cong in the Vietnam War. A total of up to 300,000 people from Laos fled to neighboring Thailand following the Pathet Lao takeover.
LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR - Timeline
1885 - France establishes its first presence in a region that would later form part of the present-day country of Laos
Late 19th to early 20th centuries - Further territorial expansions, acquisitions and mergers allow France to form the Protectorate of Laos under the nominal rule of a monarchy; French Laos forms part of French Indochina, which includes Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia
World War II - French Indochina is occupied by Japanese forces; after the war, French forces return and regain control of Laos
May 1947 - Laos becomes an autonomous state within the French Union
1953 - In the midst of the First Indochina War, the Viet Minh invade northeastern Laos and then allow the Pathet Lao to occupy these areas to portray the invasion as having been launched by the Lao revolutionaries
July 1954 - The First Indochina War ends with the Geneva Accords - French Indochina is dissolved, French forces depart from the region, and Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam become independent states, with the latter divided into communist North Vietnam and West-aligned South Vietnam
August 1956 - A coalition government is formed in Laos, which takes a non-aligned policy in the Cold War
1959 - The North Vietnamese Army begins construction of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos to transport war materials to the Viet Cong in South Vietnam
1959 - The Laotian coalition government ends, and fighting restarts between Lao government forces and the Pathet Lao.
1962 - The major powers sign the Geneva Accords, where all agree to respect the neutrality of Laos. Consequently in Laos, another coalition government is formed
1964 - The Pathet Lao breaks ties with the neutralist regime, ending the coalition government, and fighting soon restarts
1968-1971 - Most intense fighting phase of the civil war, where the anti-communist Hmong guerillas engage the North Vietnamese-Pathet Lao in a series of seesaw battles for control of the strategic Plain of Jars
1972 - North Vietnamese-Pathet Lao forces take firm control of the Plain of Jars; peace talks lead to the formation of a third coalition government
April 1975 - The Pathet Lao launches an offensive that captures Hmong mountain strongholds and clears the way for the communist advance to the Mekong lowlands
May 1975 - Communist-led anti-government demonstrations break out in many locations, which pave the way for Pathet Lao forces to enter many towns and cities without resistance and seize control of the local governments; the Pathet Lao soon capture Luang Prabang and the capital, Vientiane; thereafter, the Pathet Lao consolidate political power
December 2, 1975 - Laos is declared a one-party socialist state and the 600-year old monarchy is abolished
26 сен 2024