+Jon Taylor you gained your indepdencen through diplomacy I mean Confederation in 1867 Dominion of Westminster in 1931 and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982
They fought the US for their "independence" from 1776-1814. Many fought & died for Canada. Diplomacy came after th fighting. www.history.com/news/how-u-s-forces-failed-to-conquer-canada-200-years-ago en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812#American_expansionismen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)
0:51 In fact, this tax of one fifth over the extracted gold was so hated by the colonials that still today in Brazil, when we "ask" someone to "go to hell", we say: "go to the fifths of hell"
Thumbs up for a "third season" of World History where the details are explained (like Puerto Rico and more Brazil. And Gran Colombia!). Venezuelan here. Bolivar is considered a god to this day.
As an Argentinian watching this, this episode was hilarious; we are totally like that. I laughed a lot about the comment on our football rivalry with Brasil, and by the end of the episode I was getting a little bit accept that no mention was being given to Jose de San Martin. As always, awesome epidode! Greetings from Argentina.
I feel a little disappointed... entire videos were devoted to specific movements in Europe, while in here almost an entire continent's history was crushed and smashed into 12 minutes. I was really looking forward for Crash Curse on just "Mexico Independence" or "Simon Bolivar"...
As a brazilian I need to point out some misinformation: first, we were never a kingdom, we were an empire. Pedro was coronated emperor of Brazil, becoming Pedro the first (his son was also a Pedro, we were not very creative). Second, since Brazil was colonized by Portugal and not by Spain it was always very (and I mean v e r y) different from the spanish colonies when it comes to hierarchal organization, culture and history as a whole. Differently from what appears in the video for example, our society was not divided between criolles and other "classes" as it occured in the spanish colonies. I think that's a common mistake for people who study Latin America History: to include Brazil's historical processes as similar to former spanish colonies. We speak a different language, we were colonized by another country. I believe if people are going to study Latin America History as a whole Brazil should be studied apart since it never belonged to the same empire as other countries. I mean, I know every country has its own history but some have many similar points while others just don't.
+Sr. Cortés First, you should try to be polite if you really wanna make a point. Second, no it wasn't. Part of Brazil's territory was, indeed, spanish at first. After people started to disrespect the Tordesillas Treaty, a few parts of the spanish territory became Brazil's. However since the same Treaty was celebrated, in 1494, Portugal owned the majority of the land that is now Brazil. So please, do not try to teach me the history of my own country.
+Sr. Cortés For God's sake, during the Iberian Union the colonies were under Spain's control, but if you study a little bit of brazilian history you will see it had no cultural impact whatsoever, only economical because it affected our relationship with the Netherlands. The way people lived and how the system worked in Brazil was very little influenced by this. Get your facts straight, sir.
Actually, we still use the word mestizo to describe ourselves. It is not a racist word it simply states that you have a multicultural lineage (and we are very proud of that).
I usually love your videos, but this one feels just wrong. You should have talked more of Bolivar, San Martin if you talked about South America; and more about Francisco Morazan if you talked about Central America. Also, at least mention why they were segregated based on race. Talk about the Spanish, the Portuguese, and the French colonies in the continent, and in what ways they were different. This video is disappointing.
Alejandra Velasquez fun fact: "mestiso" is a term used in the philippines which means you have spanish blood although i dont hear many people from my generation use it, more like my parents'
Buen Flacoo "Race" was a term used for animal breeding, I don't get why it's used on humans, we're all homospaiens who share 99.9% of common DNA regardless of what people call "race".
"... most south american revolutions were long and bloody..." Except Paraguay, it just became independant with a letter, not a single drop of blood Lmao
For the paper work: 1. 1 is the Spanish crown 2 is the Catholic church 3 is Patriarchy 2. Fill in the blanks. transculturation, peninsulares, creoles, and quarter. 3. Fill in the blanks. Portugal, Waterloo, Prince pedro. 4. The Brazilian party convinced Prince Pedro to become king, so prince pedro became king pedro and declared Brazil an independent constitutional Monarchy. 5. Fill in the blanks. Church 6. Fill in the blanks. Republic, Mixed race cowboys. A. South Americanism 7. Fill in the blanks. Western Hemisphere 8.?
I thinking not only the deaf community also for people that doesn't speak english, i can translate the subs and send them to my spanish speaker friends
Brazil's independence is one of my favorite History topics! I used not to like my country's history when i was in middle school but my high school teacher made me love it. Thank you for talking about it this is great
"mulato , thats a term we dont use" - Its a term thats offensive in North American culture, but in Latin America , its used not as a derogatory word. It is the technical and proper word for a white and black mix. It annoys me how in North American culture the term "mixed" has been hijacked to mean who is a mulato. And us Latinos are Latinos. When we are actually the mixed race out of all races in the Americas but people forget or dont know that. So we have to be labeled by culture instead.
Mullato and Negro are not offensive in Spanish and don't matter how much you complain and cry here in the US, it will never be offensive. its meaning its and has always been simple Negro ( black ) someone with dark skin of african descent Mullato, offspring of a white and black person the word "mixed" will never be right as ( Castizo,Mestizo,Pardo,Zambo) are also mixed races so yeah Mullato is not offensive , never was, never will be. if you feel offended then its on you, cuz the word its descriptive.
It's offensive in the US because when we had Jim Crow segregation laws, those of mixed race were also seen as inferior. It was offensive to call someone mulato because they were not considered "pure" and therefore were looked down upon. In Latin America mulatos were more accepted, as long as they looked somewhat of European decent. It's not offensive because "anglo-americans" say it's offensive. It's offensive because the term in the US originated with the oppressors. It's literally offends the large group of mixed race citizens in our country. This video will be mostly watched by Americans, therefore he put in the declaimer that he understands that it may be offensive.
I'm going through all of the crash course histories with John Green and, this is going to sound nerdy, but these videos are so much fun! Truly thank you Crash Course people for doing these and making them fast-paced and filled with fun and interesting facts.
10:25 Seriously though. Thanks for remembering we exist. That's very thoughtful of you. Thanks again and sorry if you accidently read this comment and don''t enjoy it - Canadians
There is another thing: Brazil never had a king. We had two Emperors, because Brazil was never a kingdom, but an Empire. The monarch was called His Imperial Majesty, as determined by the article 100 of the Imperial Constitution of 1824.
LOL why people thing that Argentina did nothing and we cry for recognition? Our armies fought for almost 30 years against the Spanish Empire, and even before the revolutions the creoles of Buenos Aires stopped TWICE a British attempt of invasion. Not to mention that Uruguay would be a Brazilian province if it wasn't for us.
As an Argeninian person, I do not boo you. Brazil have a great football team. Also, this was a good -albeit resumed as hell- video. Let's consider that, at least in Argentina, we have like 3 years in History class to cover all of it semi-properly.
I am from Argentina... and I have to say, he figured us out really well :) I was about to post in the comments about our Revolution not being featured here, then he surprised me.
Andrés Falcone Ciertamente; todos hicimos nuestra parte en ese entonces. Creo que Bolívar es simplemente una figura demasiado grande (para aquellos fuera de Sud América, que no conocen las historias particulares de cada uno de los países) y opaca al resto de los Libertadores.
I can't fathom the fact that you left out so explicitly both San Martin and O'Higgins. With Bolivar, they are credited as the liberators of South America.
Wish you would do a crash course on the Mexican Revolution of 1910. That one was pretty awesome aside from being the first revolution to be caught on film (or so I'm told by PBS) and it is the reason the Soviet Union never had as much influence in Mexico as it did in the rest of Latin America. It has everything from epic battles such as the Battle of Zacatecas, to famous revolutionaries such as Pancho Villa, and Zapata and even female protagonists such as the Adelitas and Valentina Ramírez _"La Valentina"_ (yes, like the hot sauce). It also had some of the first military use of Airplanes and automobiles, and the first acting president to fly in an airplane. It inspired a lot of music, movie genres, literature, poetry, and art which was felt even in Hollywood.
I also liked the period of the Second Mexican Empire. In this case it’s the players and their story that make it interesting. From the first native american president to the first woman to govern mexico.
actually some people say that when Simón Bolívar was diying, he said "If my death contributes to the end of partisanship and the consolidation of the Union, I shall be lowered in peace into my grave."
In 1816 Simon Bolivar took refugee in Haiti where Haiti's President Alexandre Petion supplied him with soldiers, weapons, and ships on the conditions that he abolish slavery after liberating Latin America. Happy Haitian Flag Day
I wonder if this video could have been split into 3 different videos of the cariben, central american and south american revolutions. I think crash course works to cover topics in a general matter but this is just one topic that I feel like could have been split a bit differently. You could do a whole video on U.S. involvment in these countries as well.
+Efrain Rios I think it says a lot about you if you manage to watch ten minute videos on the history of entire regions of the world for five hours, and didn't notice any of them were abbreviated until you got to Latin America.
+Efrain Rios he has ten minutes to do his videos we cand iscuss battles speeches and so on but there is a great movie called the liberator to watch or if Usted habla espanol el liberador
+Efrain Rios its made to help students due well on an ap test not educate them fully on latin America, which would be much more interesting but also much more time consuming.
+Mohamed Ahmad "Negro" is the Spanish word for black. That is what it literally is. But as with many words, the literal meaning of a word and the context of a word can be different. The context of the word as it was used by white people in the United States became offensive, which is why it is no longer generally accepted.
"Negro" is still used in Spanish for "African" and is not considered a slur because it doesn't carry the connotation of slavery and oppression. It's not what words mean that's offensive; it's how people use them.
It had a Monarchy. It had no king, it was a Viceroy but after the Mexican Independence it just transformed an Empire in 1821 but then changed to Presidents when the first Mexican Constitution was writen in 1824.
That feeling when I'm watching this amazing course like all night (literally) and everytime John says "hi, my name is John Green" I'm like "haha, he has the same name as that writer who wrote all these books I actually never read but which are extremely useful when I need to post something super romantic... haha"... and then I found out that it's exactly THAT John Green who actully saved my life twice during my maturita exam, cause I wrote an essay about immortality referencing to his thoughts about infinities (The Fault in Our Stars), and (suprise) another part of my maturita exam is history (tommorow)... Maybe you're questioning using past simple with the verb "save" if my exam is tommorow, but hey, I'm pretty sure I'm gonna pass with flying colours. Thanks to John, again. ;-)
Hate to be the "Canada" of Latin America, but I'm glad you at least mentioned us (Bolivia) twice during this video. I'm sure Paraguay and Uruguay would like a word with you though lol
Este video carece totalmente de objetividad y de informacion. Primero que nada, se habló mucho de la revolucion mexicana y brasileña, las cuales fueron regionales y no afectaron en si al continente mas que para sus respectivos paises, sin mencionar el hecho que la revolucion brasileña fue casi en su totalidad pura diplomacia. Se habló extremadamente poco de los grandes focos insurgentes y con mucho mas impacto a nivel continental, la revolucion de Mayo (o revolucion argentina) y la revolucion comandada por Simon Bolivar. Objetivamente hablando, tanto Bolivar como San Martin son proceres intachables y con un peso historico fundamental en la historia de los paises sudamericanos. Pesimo video.
+Albin Lundholm sorry but im not good in english. i can listen and understand english but i can speak correctly. if you want to understand my comment please use some translate.
Escobar's son said that he played with Bolívar's sword in his childhood, but maybe is not true. Really, an illegal movement called M-19 stole Bolívar's sword in Bogotá since 1974 to 1991. It is also said that Fidel Castro and «Las madres de la plaza de Mayo» had it in their power like probably Escobar also did it. Perhaps all is just a legend or urban myth. Excuse my english.
About the Brazilian Independence being bloodless, that depends on where you were at the time. In my state (Bahia) there were much fighting for almost a year, to the point Independence of Bahia holiday is celebrated in different day than Independence of Brazil
I'm dead. I worked at Barnes and Nobles for 3 years, where John Green books were always #1 in the teen section, and I always thought he was just a James Patterson "use my name" to sell books author. I've been watching this channel for years, and never put the dots together until you brought up that quote lol Now I'm going to have to give your books a shot, as I know I already love your content. The world is so weird and rewarding that way
Awww you forgot to mention the mysterious meeting of 26th of July 1822 between Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar! In case anyone is wondering, it's a mystery...
And Chile being the only stable country after the revolution (not including Brazil), and also paying for the expedition in Perú. He didn't mention that the original idea of the juntas was to preserve the colonies for the rightful spanish king while he was inprisioned by Naploeon.
I disagree about the early nation-state concept in Latin American countries. In reallity, the separation between Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, etc., was an English influence. The ports, Buenos Aires and Montevideo in the Atlantic for example, were invaded by english pirates and corsairs. When Juan Manuel de Rosas tried to make a federation, retaking San Martin and Bolivar ideals, it was a coalition of englishmen and frenchmen who finance his opposition. There was European control in Latin America after the revolution. And the concept of nationalism was something consolidated in the 18 century, many years after the independence from Spain.
I sort of like your videos, but i feel they are either inacurate or really miss really important things. Specially in french revolución and this one. I mean, San Martín liberated 50% of latín America, and then left by leaving Bolívar in charge, who kind of did it more for hinself than for the people. And he did this in an impresive way, the crossing of the andes was just awesome, tactically speaking.
Buen Flacoo cuántos comentarios habré leído hasta q encontré esto? Ahora a ver si encuentro q San Martín le pasó el ejército a Bolívar y se bajó de la campaña recién despues de que Bolívar le asegurara q no iba a cumplir con la orden q tenia de saquear el oro de los templos peruanos. Por algo murió pobre San Martín... Ese sí que fue un prócer.
I think Brazil deserved a video just for himself. Our history is much more different: we speak another language and our customs and culture are somewhat different from all the remaining countries of Latin America. Even the US government recognizes that when it separate us from the other latin americans in the immigration forms. Btw, in Portuguese, Brazil is a masculine entity -- "fatherland" or "Pátria" -- in opposition to Britain and the United States when designed as "America", which are usually referred using feminine pronouns. Another point of order here is the appropriation by the United States of America of the name "America". America is the whole continent, from the 'Tierra del Fuego' in the south, to the northernmost part of Canada. When US citizens call themselves Americans, they exclude to an inferior category all other citizens of the whole continent. It is an imperialist denomination (Monroe Doctrine said hi) which as an American citizen -- continent-wise -- I strongly dislike and find extremely offensive because it exclude all other American countries.
I'm Brazilian, and I really don't see why we need a whole video for ourselves and our history. I mean, we weren't totally disconnected from the rest of Latin American revolutions given the context of that time, and our independence process wasn't that important (as US independence) or remarkably singular (as Haitian independence).
This is an old comment, but I feel the need to reply anyway. The problem with the use of the word "America" to describe the United States is mainly a cultural and linguistical one. While here in Brazil we are taught that America is the whole continent (with the three subdivisions of North, Central and South), in the English-speaking world the continent is described as "the Americas", as they usually differentiate between South and North America. Therefore, in English the concept of one big continent called America doesn't exist - hence the use of the name to describe the United States. This is not the case in Portuguese or Spanish, for example, altough most of us are still used to calling the people "americanos" or "norte-americanos". Saying that using this term is a form of imperialism and of excluding people from other parts of the continent is simply ridiculous. Anyone who takes offence from this should really think a bit more about it. It's simply a cultural difference - nothing more.
USA can be called America too, just like Brazil is called "República Federativa do Brasil" and Mexico is "Estados Unidos Mexicanos". It's not supposed to be offensive.
Glaring overseeight _ Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haitian Revolution, it's from Jacmel, Haiti that Simon Bolivar first launched his liberation scheme. Haitian Revolution also played a small, but significant part in the Louisiana Purchase in the US.
This video is kind of disrespectful, though americans have "disrespect" as a common habit... this video was almost half about mexico, and the rest almost all about Brazil and a little bit about Venezuela... yet the video says "Latin-American(...)"... Americans need to realize that Countries in Latin America are not Mexico... And puts all Latinamerican countries as patriarchies as if the US wouldn't be like that back then
Matt Knows pretty dumb comment to be honest, there are a lot of videos here where he talks about "Europe" and he only talks about 3 or 4 countries, what did you expect? it just really isn't worth to talk about every single country, specially in a CRASH COURSE
+Black Jesus True, but you also never would have won your revolution without us. You also fucked yourselves with Castro. Sorry about the embargoes and dictators though. . . ):
Almost everything here applies as well to the "lost Latin American nation that was swept by the Pacific waves". I mean, the Philippines. Although our wars for independence came later (but were just as bloody), the concepts that applied in Mexico or Gran Colombia happened to us as well, especially the persistence of a conservative, Catholic culture that still exists today (though when compared to all out neighbors we are the most liberal in thr region). If not for the Americans, and later the Japanese, we would have not developed a schizophrenic self-identity that was already by itself confusing - Asian but not Asian, Latino but not Latino, never to be considered a full cultural neighbor in both coasts of the Pacific Rim. And I concur with the rest of the commenters. The whole of Latin America cannot be summed up in one Crash Course episode, let alone one acadmic course in school.
Hey John, it seems incredible to me how you (and crash course team) managed to sum up much of our Latin American revolutionary history. Of course there are things which might be important to add, some concepts which may not be totally accurate, but this may have to do a lot with each country's education system. I'm sure that it must not be easy to make all these short videos. As a Latin American, I agree with your description in general, and I think that most non-Latin Americans will have a good picture of what happened in these lands. Greetings from Argentina!
Well, he told the brazilian independence wrong. Brazil, Portugal and Algarves was 3 united kingdoms under the rule of the house Bragança (King D. João VI) (United Kingdom of Portugual, Brazil and Algarves) eventhough there were still some colonies in Africa and Asia. Prince D. Pedro I was the regent of Brazil while his father - the King - was in Portugal suffocating a rebellion and assuring his power over the throne. Rio de Janeiro was the capital of the realms, but the portuguese people (in Portugal) and the aristocracy that returned with D. João VI wanted it to return to Lisbon and the kingdom of Brazil to return to the status of colony. Facing that possibility the "nationalists" and D. Pedro I decide to make the separation. The video says that it was "peaceful". Actually it wasn't. There wasn't a war because Portugal didn't have the military power nor the population to mobilize against Brazil. Also the guy said that D. Pedro declared himself king, but because of the brazilian territorial size and the expansionist desires he declared himself Emperor, and we became the Empire of Brazil, what resulted in a massive territorial increase (more than doubled our size). Brazil is still a young republic and the royal family still exists, but we don't have an Emperor anymore, just the prince of Brazil (that have no power or benefits at all).
You are right, but for a 10-min crash course, going too much into the details would lose the audience. A damn good job to explain the whole independence process in 24 countries in less than 8 minutes (as he spends 2 to give a context to the time prior to independence)
I understand that. What I meant is that he should just "correct" a few facts about Brazil. Just small things like Emperor instead of King, small aggressions throughout the Realm instead of a peaceful independance. He could have spent the same time but telling the "truth". But this is just me being picky (I'm a historian after all).
Actually Brazil during Portuguese Rule was recognized as an Empire So the Kings Would Use this title His Majesty Emperor ..... Of Brazil and King Of The United Kingdom of Portugual and Algarve and King of the oversea territories.
I'm not sure anyone here has said it, but "Latin America's" war for independence actually stated in Saint-Dominique (today’s Haiti) it is actually the second oldest republic of the Americas after the U.S.A.; I didn’t know about this until I looked it up. They had a similar spark as the other countries after the US, France and its revolution which led to Napoléon’s rise. Anyways just for your information that’s all.
Yeah true, however Haiti is as much part of Latin America as Brazil or Mexico. Also having this video be called "Latin Revolutions" fails to convey that as these weren't the Latins of Europe such as the Romans that had a revolution but Latin Americans people of mix heritage that saw a way to make their own way in the world without direct European intervention.
sion8 The video isn't called Latin Revolutions. It's called Latin American Revolutions. Just throwing that out there, in case you've learned to read since last posting.
Nice explanation about Brazil. However, there is a point that must be corrected: Brazilian Independence was idealized by King João VI of Portugal, who told his son, Pedro (I of Brazil and IV of Portugal), that "he should make Brazil's Independence before some adventurer does it". After that, the portuguese court got to bring Dom João VI back to Portugal, leaving his son as regent of Brazi, but the court stated to diminish Dom Pedro's power over Brazil, and even demanded that he came back to Portugal. He refused, and, after some months, he declared our Independence.
I'm going to have to learn a lot more about this stuff as well as learning to speak Spanish and Portuguese if I ever expect to fulfill my dream of moving to Peru, Argentina, or Brazil.
As a creole mexican, all i have to say is that spain was just so stupid to treat their colonists with limited power while the spaniards rose up as the powerful rich elites and the colonists as poor people. The king should’ve been more conservative and give equal rights to everybody in the empire
Portugal wasn't dominated by Napoleon... It was dominated commercially (wich was the most important "thing" back then), by the brittish... after they helped us defend the country from the french. Do you want to know why we got invaded? Because we were allied with the UK. And what did we get from that? Commercial domination from another country. And this was repeated later when the scramble for africa happened. When Portugal was negotiatiing, it proposed that the territories between Angola and Mozambique would become portuguese (note: they were uncolonized), for obvious reasons. The UK, because of their imaginary, incredibly ambicious and stupid dream of making a railway from Egipt to South Africa, threatened Portugal, forcing it to abandon its more rational and fair ambitions. (Note: We were actualy ALLIED with the UK at the time) (Note: EVERY european country except the UK accepted the portuguese proposal of african colonization) Even though this helped Portugal to be a Democracy, due to the unhapiness of the people, the UK shouldn't treat their allies this way. Thanks a bunch UK (mainly England).
Castille and England are the areas with the biggest population inside their countries, so, they have more influence in national decisions. The negative effects that the UK had in Portugal were driven by colonization and mercantilism. This caracterizes England much better than Scotland, or Wales, or Northern Ireland. That's why I said that.
***** Castille and England are the areas with the biggest population inside their countries, so, they have more influence in national decisions. The negative effects that the UK had in Portugal were driven by colonization and mercantilism. This caracterizes England much better than Scotland, or Wales, or Northern Ireland. That's why I said that. Also, for the whole brittish or british thing, tell me, cann you write european portuguese with no errors? Because I would LOVE to see that.
Awesome, but you forgot to mention that Church even managed currencies and coins, this is a very deep fact about how church was strongly involved in all economic-politic activities. You have that the actual political division in many latinamerican countries were first thought by the "parroquias", they managed and distributed all the territories in the crown.
Because, the Spanish language requires seriousness. Crash course is flippant. I know. I've lived in Mexico off and on for the last 27 years, continually for the last 14 years. Try telling jokes or even allude to having a sense of humor while talking about Father Miguel Hidalgo. You'll get the evil eye from every listener. You might even have the chorizo beaten out of you.
Because they require money and viewers. In the USA this is easier because views can actually get translated to money, in LA the views mean really nothing (like 40k views are like 2000 pesos). Also the pool of viewers in LA is way smaller than in the USA, most of the population doesn't have access to internet and from the ones who have it they are more interested in things like EnchufeTV, Werevertumorro, Yuya, etc.
John you should talk about the situation of Puerto Rico, who is the world's oldest colony. From 1493-1898 Spain and 1898-Today with the USA and how complicated is the status of the country/colony (I don't even know how to call it though I'm Puertorrican)
Actually the Spanish didnt cosider the territories of the Americas as colonies. The term colony was a English and French thing of the XIX century. Spain had "virreinatos" that means that those lands were Spain and the people living there Spanish. Think in the Canary islands nowadays , We dont consider them a colony, they are an other region of Spain like Asturias, Madrid, Galicia... But this región isnt in the peninsula.
What I hate about this approach, putting all countries in a bag, only represented by the 3 or 4 bigger ones, is what lead people to some misconceptions.
There wasn't a Mexican king it was an emperor, please if you are going to talk about Latin America, you need to break the mayor countries like Mexico's, Brazil and Argentina then the Caribbean and the rest, (they share a lot of history). I know you don't notice and probably you don't want to notice, but when you talk about us you sound a little bit arrogant, and you secretly think you are entitled to do it. We're not glad you notice us, we would like to share our culture and Latino vibe with you, if you tried to learn something about us and not to think we could someday resemble you more. If you could do that you'll be awesome. PEACE:)
+Eduardo Romero 1. don't be so easily offended, he is not speaking in a manner that is even remotely different from his manner of speaking in other videos. 2. The remark about being happy to be noticed was about canadians. Canadians are commonly ridiculed in the U.S. Just thought you should know. PEACE:)
+Eduardo Romero god damnnit. All latinos are so freaking whiney in this comment section. Like, because hes american he can't feel entitled to talk comfortably about Latin America? Pathetic dude. I didn't think he sounded arrogant at ANLLN
+Sync98 es algo intrigante no? me pregunto hasta que punto será cierto estas teorías, actualmente con todos los increibles gobiernos "socialistas" me da la sensación que todo es una mentira,
viuliscopmosco Los gobiernos de derecha son apoyados por EEUU y sus aliados mientras los de izquierda son apoyados por China/Russia y sus aliados, en cada caso por supuesto sólo para satisfacer sus propios intereses.
+Kari B por que la doctrina monroe que habla los paises latinoamericanos no son colonias europeaneas es mas importante en Crisis de Octubre en los ojos de AIC communismo es neo colonialismo sovietico (y yo soy rusio)
Actually, you gave Venezuela too much importance, the real Equatorial/Colombian/Venezuelan war of independence was fought mostly on Colombia, due to the two principal Spanish armies coming from Peru and Cartagena and a huge civil war that broke out earlier (in which Bolivar participated in one of the two losing sides). Also, Peru's independence was won by Bolivar's army lead by Sucre, one of his generals, who also defeated the Spanish troops in Bolivia in a battle near Sucre (the city got called like him after that). The Creoles (Criollos in Spanish) didn't had any real power, they were sons of Spaniards born in America, the Mestizos were a mix between Indians and Spanish, and the Mulatos were Spanish with black, the last ones were the Zambos, treated as almost not slaves and were a mix between black and Indian.
***** It was mostly troops sent by those guys after an agreement between the guy that was leading those country's independence campaign (can't remember his name) with Bolivar.
See, there are a lot of (rather valid) criticisms of CC (though many people confuse time/info constraints for complete idiocy, which is ridiculous and immature), but this may be one of the only critiques that are delivered in a polite, regular HUMAN tone. Props to you madam/sir for not losing your cool as way-too-many commenters like to do.
What differentiate the Latin nations from any other regions in the world is the fact that nations see each other as sister nations, as their common past bind them, making so that its citizens feel closer to each other.
