@SiddharthRaju @SiddharthRaju This is what my logic tells me: In a PV bus Q is an unknown quantity and thus is calculated using the given equation; Now if this calculated Q exceeds the predefined set limits on Q, we set it to either Qmin or Qmax (depending on which boundary is exceeded) and reject the calculated value of Q. Thus now Q is not calculated using the eqn for Q rather it is set to either Qmin or Qmax and hence the original PV bus is now treated as a PQ bus with known Q.