Leonard Susskind - How Many Universes Exist? 

The very existence of existence is truly magic…I like the quote referring to ardent materialists..”You give us one free miracle and we’ll explain the rest…”.

At last, a guy who can explain very complicated ideas to not so complicated minds like mine. Thanks Mr Susskind.

Einstein once said that we would never be able to confirm the existence of gravitational waves. And yet, here we are in the golden age of gravitational wave observation. I think it's short sighted to say we will never be able to view pocket universes.. we simply don't know how we're going to achieve that yet.

He talks as though he was there when the universes were created. Yet doesn't appear to come off as arrogant. That's skill

I suspect the audio is leaking to another universe.

Dude, these theories are so freaking abstract and out there, it's just mind boggling that there are that many POSSIBILITIES for types of universes (not universes themselves), especially after spending a while flabbergasted at the theoretical size of our objective (not observable) universe... It's insane. Then on top of that, you consider the fact that the universe is equally as small as it is large.

Will be watching more videos from this man , more informative than most on utube.

Quick summary of this video "we really don't know anything" and the more we know and understand things the more we don't know.

I would like to understand 10% of the stuff Leonard does, but also, explain myself as clear as he does.

Leonard's explanation of reaching a point where we can't verify something due to the size a collider would need to be was very interesting. It made me think of the Kardashev Scale. Type III would be needed to work with a collider as large as a galaxy. We aren't even a Type I yet. Maybe in 100 years or so we can become a Type 1.

Leonard Susskind has a golden voice

The concept of the multiverse is so mind bogglingly vast its comforting to hide in the cupboard with a pot noodle

In the age of "smart"phones and self-driving electric cars, there's nobody there to make the sound of this video audible. However, the ads are LOUD.

"We are rapidly coming to the end of the possibility of doing experiments within a human lifetime." ~ Leonard Susskind

very good interview, pleasent to watch.

Great video, thanks. I read somewhere that Einstein spent the last years of his life, trying to disprove his own theories, now that's science.

I think the de Vinci book is strategically placed.

The a analogy of multiple packs of cards representing the different universes is perfect!!

Very nice discussion.

""Though Earth and moon were gone and sons and universes ceased to be And Thou wert left alone every Existence would exists in thee. There is not room for Death Nor atom that his might could render void Since thou art Being and Breath And what thou art may never be destroyed". (Emily Bronte)

The most fascinating thing about this, is that we are nothing else then matter arranged in a way that allows ourselves (matter itself) to ask: “What am I? Where I come from? How I came to be?” We are nothing else then a piece of universe looking back to itself, trying to understand itself. We are the stars, we are the black holes, we are the planets, the moons, the rocks, the dust, the water, the colors, the clouds, the rain, the snow… we are from the same matter then all of this, we are from all of this, we are nothing else then matter became self aware.

I love these. But why is the audio always so low.

8:55 The Change in dialogue after this point greatly depresses me, not that we will somehow fail to continue our understanding of the universe, but the very real possibility that future discovery and experimentation will take 50+ years to complete (each step).

Very thoughtful discussion.

Coolest physicist since Einstein…

Two ways forward: yes Dr. Susskind there are two ways to explain the current theories (our understanding). But there is a third. Change the frame of how we understand the data. Like Einstein changing our understanding of electromagnetism and gravity, he expanded and fundamentally changed our perspective and thus opened a large new area of discovery and understanding. One hundred years later we seem to have reached the end of this path, much in the way physics in 1900 had played out Newton to the edge of its usefulness to describe large systems. I think the third way forward is simply to change the frame of our perspective. We need another Einstein.

I loved watching Closer To Truth on WLAE TV from NOLA on Sunday mornings. Unfortunately DIRECTV has dropped this little station for our area.

6:03 I like your metaphor, he said no initially but he described exactly what you ment.

No! Inflation makes more and more decks, each shuffled differently.

*"Space is really big and has lots of stuff in it." -* Abigail Adams, aged 8.

9:00-10:06 The end of observation.. best comment ever..

He's very articulate which makes it easier for people like me to understand.

It strange when you realize that we live in a time where we have so much info at our finger tips that you do not need be an astronomer to answer the philosophical questions of space. You only need creativity.

Susskind's reaction in 06:15 is epic... Just priceless... And I believe that it would be great if there were more real, useful, and relevant questions. It is better to use our time more efficiently when sitting in front of great men.

2019 here! i know this vid os kindof oldish, but i cannot help thinking this: those "analogy explanations" were used by *excellent* Ytubers (but without your level of education) so... i was hoping for a deeper explanation (but without the math, which i am truly having a hard time to follow) (hate to do this-comparisons, unless i have to ( to explain in accuracy my point;) pbs spacetime i think is at this (desired) level. stil, a joy Doctor to see your vids and (by my autonomous nerving system a always hit like!! :p) keep up!! ps:(or/and upgrade!!)

When we value these guys more then people who can throw or catch a ball I will have faith in our species

I think it is remarkable that we humans (or rather, the really, really smart ones) have reached this limit in observational evidence in our lifetimes. It seems both exhilarating and depressing at the same time. But maybe it is a signpost telling us to start looking inwards.

what a rock star physicist.

Love it.

woaah... totally amazed ! much needed ! it was a boost

I love hearing intelligent people talk. man.

The interviewer has always been a fair minded man and I respect him as well though I cannot remember his name.

Wow loved this

Robert Lawrence Kuhn's questions are so smart, I half suspect that he already knows the answers to them!

Susskind is as always a joy to watch, and while I agree with most of what he has to say with regard to the idea of a multiverse, I don't think that he put enough emphasis on the limiting effects which logic has on geometry. He did touch on the idea that most other pocket universes would be sterile, but I would go much further and argue that most other pocket universes are nothing more than simple geometries of no consequence. Their physics being too limited to form complex environments. Further, their may be, and probably is only one pocket universe which is both stable and complex. I think that we probably only get one deck of cards, and while you may be able to shuffle it a lot of different ways, there is only one way which is the most logical, and only a few ways which are complex. The rest of the many possible combinations of shuffles will have few logical rules of ordering.

The idea of our universe being a random bubble of a universe in a bubble bath multiverse is scary.. reality (all possible universes, dimensions) seems it could be infinitely big and infinitely small

Does anyone know where to buy that shirt?

Inflation and quantum fluctuations,with inflation being a 'flowering' of a universe,in a multiverse, and quantum fluctuations generating it's paricular form and structure,are powerful ideas to me.

Susskind is also very intriguing. He did a talk on holograms that matched a theory of mine regarding the big bang and made me feel perhaps I could have it right...no big bang...just a giant doughnut shaped hologram that has motion that appears to be expanding on one side and contracting on the other.

At this point he doesn't know about the LIGO discovery, I think. I wonder if he'd be a little more sanguine. Otoh, he has a lecture in which he asserts that we might study quantum gravity on a desktop. He's a worthy successor to Feynman.

What would be the point of a universe without life ?

If we're using a deck of cards as the example, I would equate inflation to the difference in blackjack to the difference between double deck and a shoe (six or eight decks). Did I get the general concept?

We are not at the end of observation unless we have observed our own minds.

Who is the guy interviewing Susskind?

6:27 Infla[permuta]tion

We are basically at the limit then based on current observational limits, we can't really observe further, so we need to start thinking out of the box.

Well they told Max Planck when he was starting in physics that there was nothing left to discover...

I didn’t know that John Malkovich had a hobby interest in String Theory.

I suspect it is an endless amount as one collapse and big bangs, as for how many types is limited to the number of chemistry/energy/matter combinations that can be had. Like ocean waves just an endless process

Wow, the nutcases are really out and about in this comment section.

With that logic there’s a near infinite pocket within the total infinity that has life on every planet.

What is the design on his t-shirt?

Anyone know where to find that shirt?

what if me and any friend of mine do a experiment, lets supose that i have a time machine, my friend jumps into a black hole...but i have A TIME MACHINE RIGHT?... so using my time machine i can revive my friend(he already passed the event horizont)...but he already passed the event horizont and he cannot be brought back in the same state like before jumping so...can i use my time traveling machine to bring back a man who already jumped into a black hole and passed the event horizont? wtf?

I think there is at least one universe.. just my two cents

The notion of Consciousness is steeped in mystery and debate, and although it is still generally considered to be human only, there are now schools of thought emerging that believe some animals have ‘consciousness’ as well. The idea that it is an attribute unique to us as human beings arises from the fact that we have an awareness of ourselves and the world we live in, unlike most or any of the other creatures. This awareness we have forms the basis of ‘the self’. The reason for our becoming self-conscious, or self-aware, creatures will become apparent later on, when we begin exploring the nature of being human in greater detail. But this human self-consciousness is something quite different in nature to the reality of the Consciousness that lies behind and within everything to appear as the myriad forms in existence. Consciousness inhabits and animates creation and its creatures not unlike the power that flows through a computer to make it work in accordance with the hardware and software of the device. By this analogy, the specific physical characteristics of a creature’s body constitute the hardware, and the programming of its mind the software. These things are important to understand because if this conceptual ground is not firm, the model we build from here will not endure, and its potential value will be lost. What all this is pointing to is that what you really are―what we all are―is an eternal, unlimited energy source capable of creating and experiencing events. What you are is this creative source, this Consciousness. Who you are is how this Consciousness works through you to express as something unique in the world. Powerful creative Consciousness is your true and essential nature, but of course, you experience your life through the limitations of a human body, so it may not seem that you are an all-powerful being at times, or indeed ever. By its very nature, the body exists as some ‘thing’ and is, therefore, a limitation or restriction of ‘everything else possible’, to become something specific and useful―a human being. And then it must be remembered that these bodies we inhabit are a product of Mother Earth, and have developed for good reasons. Although today there are many philosophes, theories and just sheer guesses put forward to explain the purpose of our existence, none of them fully describe or satisfactorily explain the original intention for our emergence. Some bodies born into this world have, or will develop over time, physical or mental attributes that further alter the creative opportunities and experiences available to them in a lifetime. The influence of our national culture, the general culture of our times, and the impact of our upbringing by parents and other significant people also become major influences that can place limitations on our thinking and power. Other restrictions occur as a result of the pains we might experience in life, the emotions that often get buried in the body as a result, and the accumulating limited beliefs they then give rise to. There is also the concept of ‘karmic debt’ that will limit opportunities, and this too will be discussed later in the work. The state of your own evolved Consciousness is another factor affecting personal power. All these things limit the opportunities you have in life, and so it can be seen that although your true nature is something quite grand, you find yourself in very limiting circumstances. But it is important to keep perspective. Your essential nature is a free and unlimited Consciousness, a potential capable of eternal creation and experience. And this Consciousness was the reality before the Universe that we know emerged.

I hope I'm as smart as him in some other univerce

He's right. The rate that we approach the limits to experimentation and observation shows a signficant flaw in our methods. It shows, that as Stephen Wolfram put it, our conventional axioms may not be suitable in the future. We may have to invent or 'discover' an entirely new mathematics. For example, there is no proof, observation or reproduction of inflation over the scale of an entire universe. Anisotropy could simply be fooling us. But, because the mathematics we invented are so consistent and successful, we have accepted it at large. Now we are finding galaxies and stars, that, based on our science, 'should not exist'. Now I find that very silly for us to say. We'll get it right one of these days, in the very far, unforseeable future. New generations will look back on us, like we look back on the heliocentric model. Good luck, humans.

What's that special chair Leonard's sitting in? It is super comfortable and huge. How did he get this piece?

So much for Occam's Razor (if that even applies to this)

mind blowing . not just 10^500 universes out there ...10^500 different catergories of universes each repeated over and over. sheesh.

This comment section is horrible for a good video

11:27 best Freudian slip EVER

+CloserToTruth1 Any good book that discusses string theory both in a detailed mathematical way and also good in writing? I' not looking for a bad written book that only the author can understand

It seems like we are blind mice in a dark room banging into walls trying to figure out where we are and the nature of our cage.

i can confirm with no hesitation there is at least one

In string theory Is there possible in those ‘cards’ a probability of a bubble universe which doesn’t/didn’t/wouldn’t ever expand? Okay then why doesn’t it just suck in all them other bubbles of universes?

its all fascinating but we all die and no more questions !!

When one universe isn't enough.

This isnt science its philosophy

Minds like this make preoccupation with the day to day pure folly.

How do they define universe?

This guy is kinda sus, you can even say he is of the Susskind

Man, this interviewer is a parody of pretension.

Awesome

I read this on a popcile awhile back and it told me all of them...

Personally, I would keep the interviewer's face off-screen as much as possible. I'm not sure why, but I find it highly distracting.

Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality. - Nikola Tesla

I watched another video which mentioned even our solar system is atypical. Star systems and planets discovered so far are most likely different from ours. But it might due to measurement bias as caused by the limitations of current technology.

So, we are a pocket universe within the the QCs Universe. 10 to the 500 is the string theory tally of how many ways there are to combine strings.

excellent interview +sub

I agree. As a species, we are in survivor mode right now. I do not expect much progress from observational experiments. Secondly, our best minds are not utilized for physicists and cosmology. Science is a small club relatively to all the new innovations for greed. Cosmology and the Anthropic Principle opened a reflection of our existence: Humans are very special, and our stellar environment is ripe for the taking. Our only competition is ourselves.

How did inflation start and what did it start from? If it started from an infinitely dense singularity then how could said singularity become less infinitely dense as would have to happen in order to inflate? That would be an oxymoron.

Patience cardgame answers our QuestionsMB

The question is .. multiverses is fine.. these exist but how does this affect my life and how about death? We should explore the outer world as our consciousness questions it but what about the consciousness itself? When I die physically how do my 'I' survive it???

🙏 Professor ☺️☕️

Did you know that there is no inherent illumination or luminosity in photons? “Light,” as such, cannot be found there. Photons are, perhaps, ‘packets’ of energy which have the properties of both spread-out waves and localized particles. Photons only take on the appearance of being luminous as they arise within consciousness, in our mind’s eye. It may be that photons are spread-out energy potentials that fill the immensity of space, and only take on the appearance of being a localized discrete particle of “light” when we become aware of them in consciousness, in this actualized awareness we call mind. Thus, you are the light of the kosmos. This “light” is only arising in us. The world outside of a mind is perfectly ‘dark,’ or empty, unactualized in any way. Of course, what else could it be? What would perceive it as illuminated, or as any “thing”? All of our thoughts are the activity of consciousness, modulations of that consciousness, incarnations within that pure consciousness, rays shining from inside that consciousness. We are agents of that consciousness, emerging from within that consciousness. All there is to experience is the knowing of it, and that knowing is God’s own Self in us, living in us, the source of our life, the energy of consciousness itself. We could say that God lives in us, since consciousness seems to have become localized in this particular body-mind. Or we could say that we live in God, since all that we perceive arises in that consciousness, including our body-mind. Thus, Jesus was right to say, “I am in the Father and the Father is in me” (John 14:10-11, 20). Both are true, and they are true of us as well. We are arising within God, and God is arising within us as well. Sometimes this is called “mutual indwelling,” the Father in the Son and the Son in the Father, also called perichoresis or co-inherence in Christian terminology. God is the field of consciousness in which all knowing occurs, in which all thoughts and perceptions and feelings and sensations arise, like waves in the ocean. Our body-mind and its thoughts are like localizations within that consciousness, temporary manifestations of that Ultimate Reality, expressions of that consciousness, that being, that One. God becomes veiled and hidden from our awareness when the thoughts that arise in and from consciousness believe they are something separate and discrete from the consciousness in which they are arising. The thoughts form a separate entity, a dualistic subjective ego, a separate self identity, an independent being, an “Adam/Eve,” which thinks it is apart from infinite nondual divine consciousness and Ultimate Reality. This seems to be the “Fall,” the beginning of duality and separateness and alienation from God’s Presence. But how could thoughts be separate from the consciousness in which they have arisen? They can’t, but that is exactly what our thoughts and our self-identification with them think they are. It is a kind of psychological illusion. The thoughts take on their own separate identity apart from pure nondual consciousness, forming a self, a person, an entity, seemingly cut off from its own source and essence. Once we look at it like this, it seems impossible, and that is because it is. Our ‘self’ is never actually separate from the source in which it arises, thoughts are never separate from the consciousness in which they emerge, the wave is not separate from the ocean. The thoughts that make up our ‘self’ are just finite actualizations or relative localizations of the infinite potential of absolute consciousness, or Divine Being, or Ultimate Reality. In Christian symbolism we call this the incarnation of God. In Buddhism it is the Dharmakaya that incarnates as the Nirmanakaya Buddha. In Hinduism it is Brahman that manifests itself as each Atman. God becomes incarnate in reality, in the flesh, embodied, in us and all things. There is no time, no space, nowhere we can go, nowhere we can be, that will be outside of this Presence of God, outside of this consciousness, beyond the borders of God, or the Ultimate Reality. God is always present, and is Presence itself, awareness itself, consciousness itself, the “spirit of life” within us, from which we derive all being, all knowing, all our substance, every thought, every sensation. It all arises in God. This is perhaps why, in order to pierce the veil and know God directly, contemplative practices such as meditation help train us to transcend thought, to go back to the source of thought itself, beyond all thoughts of self, to recognize that from which it all arises, this pure open vastness of nondual unitive at-one consciousness. Do you see why we cannot “think” God? Nothing that arises in consciousness as a thought will be that consciousness in which it is arising. No relative finite manifestation in consciousness can be the absolute pure infinite consciousness, even though every manifestation or relativization or actualization of that consciousness is made up of nothing other than that consciousness. God is Present even while we are trying to comprehend God, even in the midst of that very comprehension. God is what makes that attempt at comprehension even possible. God is the very field in which we are trying to know God. When we let go of the trying, the conceptualization, surrendering the thoughts that are trying to know themselves, and rest in the pure still silent open awareness of being, that is when the realization of God may dawn on us, as us.

In English Universe means ONE! any and all dimensions, wormholes, black-holes etc are aspects of the One Universe! The moment a particle is a wave; it has to be a conscious wave! Gravity is the conscious attraction among waves to create the illusion of particles, and our experience-able Universe. Max Planck states: "Consciousness is fundamental and matter is derived from Consciousness". Life is the Infinite Consciousness, experiencing the Infinite Possibilities, Infinitely. We are "It", experiencing our infinite possibilities in our finite moment. Our job is to make it interesting!

Wow!

We try to use something that is finite to define the infinite?