Let's Hack: Extracting Firmware from Amazon Echo Dot and Recovering User Data

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Let's Hack the Amazon Echo!
In this new video format, I took a longer look at the Amazon Echo Dot (Generation 2) device I've worked on previously. This is an uncut video where I walk through my process when looking at a device and its filesystem. I ended up removing the eMCP chip and extracting the storage partitions on the device. I learned a lot from this process and look forward to poking around at this data more. If you take away anything from this video it is that you need to factory reset devices, if not destroy them, before they leave your possession... I'm sure there are some Android DFIR pros out there who can point me to interesting parts of the filesystem to look at in the future!
Feedback on this new video is welcomed!
eMMC reader I use:
www.ebay.com/itm/334442938179
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About Me:
My name is Matt Brown and I'm an Hardware Security Researcher and Bug Bounty Hunter. This channel is a place where I share my knowledge and experience finding vulnerabilities in IoT systems.
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#hacking #iot #cybersecurity #privacy #android #dfir

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3 янв 2023

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Комментарии : 247

@mattbrwn Год назад

UPDATE: the storage partition also has API keys used for various amazon services that are associated with the previous user's account. (albeit probably expired)

@neon_Nomad Год назад

Those are great for text to speech services;)

@marcwilkinson2072 Год назад

Sure dd stands for disk dump bro 👍

@CaseyStrouse Год назад

@@marcwilkinson2072 Disk destroyer is what I've always known it as

@snooks5607 Год назад

@@marcwilkinson2072 there's many claims to what dd stands for and while it doesn't exactly matter for modern purposes ("disk destroyer" is just as valid imo) but for historical purposes it's a fact (corroborated by Dennis Ritchie, original co-author of Unix) that dd was inspired and named after an old JCL statement for IBM S/360 computers called DD where it stands for "Data/set definition"

@marcwilkinson2072 Год назад

@@snooks5607 disk dump seems to resonate better with me in my personal opinion, as that's what the command does, it dumps the data to an image file, also it has write capabilities too, but I've never used the dd command to destroy a disk.

@randomfrequency Год назад

There's multiple root filesystems because that's how they do OS updates - they update one root filesystem, then the bootloader switches to it - if it fails to boot, it reverts back to the last known working state. Typically any user data would be in its own partition - and you're right, it's an android based system. Amazon's fire products are android based.

@mattbrwn Год назад

Yeah I kind of came to that conclusion over the course of looking at this device. It makes so much sense. Google has invested years of security work into android.

@randomfrequency Год назад

@@mattbrwn FreeNAS does it too, it's how we update switches and routers for the last few decades. We use it for immutable infrastructure in the cloud too. Nix offers something like it, and there's a ZFS booter for linux that lets you replicate the same pattern but with snapshots

@randomfrequency Год назад

@@mattbrwn Also IIRC this isn't really an .. 'android' feature, more of your bootloader.

@andreastepperink2495 11 месяцев назад

Fujitsu does the same with its iRMC (management board for Primergy servers). You have two slots, one is active (running) and you flash new firmware to the 2nd (inactive) one. You can switch over manually or automatically ("use the slot with highest firmware version", "use the slot recently flashed", etc.). These management boards are Linux-based too ususally.

@mustacheboyo Месяц назад

Like android A/B?

@user-ui8my9zs7o Год назад

This content is so useful. I'm a software engineer but I'm trying to learn more on the hardware side. Thank you so much for posting this content!

@by010 Месяц назад

the 700MB sized partitions are android A/B SYSTEM partitions. The big one that had "data" directory is what is wiped when you do factory reset, it contains.. well, data. And ye, it is android. /data directory may be very intresting on biggest partition. /data/data IIRC for application data. I would take a peek at files in there. media / 0 is "sd card" storage in android

@tomska7 7 месяцев назад

Amazing Matt, please keep uploading this kind of live sessions. I personally learn a lot from this kind of videos! Thanks a lot for your work! :)

@mattclaudio2502 Месяц назад

bro you are a friggin wizard, these videos are SO engaging i love them

@ValleyMustang Месяц назад

Dude, usually I build race cars, street race and do some computer stuff but this is the first video that I seen that truly got me into wanting to explore more of the deep end on the chips. This is also the first video I've seen from you. New subscriber here.. Also just ordered my chip reader from your link in the description. Can't wait to see what other content you have on your channel!

@VSteam81 Месяц назад

I love how it has an android partition layout

@thesilvercreepers Год назад

These are the type of videos I was looking for, Keep up the good work!

@Myself-yh9rr Месяц назад

Some people call DD disk destroyer. That is because you must be careful with the if and of or you might erase what you tried to copy.

@jonmarler Месяц назад

Great video Matt! The moniker "dd" stands for "data dumper" because it dumps data. Now you know!

@DanielSimon1995 Месяц назад

i always call it disc destroyer - for uknown reasons ofc

@kramermccabe8601 Месяц назад

@@DanielSimon1995 you can command DD to write all 0 preforming a low level format of the device destroying the disk to a layman

@trombonedude5312 Месяц назад

I always thought it stood for "copy and convert" but "cc" was already taken

@DanielSimon1995 Месяц назад

@@kramermccabe8601 yeah, thats why i call it disc destroyer

@vladventura1928 29 дней назад

Thank you! I've gone for an embarrassingly long time thinking that dd was just disk destroyer

@chester_ville_4066 6 месяцев назад

Matt the way you show the commands I love it thanks you, keep it up brother.

@olmrgreen1904 11 месяцев назад

Insane content. Its truly inspiring to see you in action.

@nectarinetangerineorange Год назад

when using the "dd" command; if you specify an appropriate blocksize (i.e. 'bs=4M' is reasonable for most flash storage), the "dd" command can finish much, much faster than if a less optimal blocksize (i.e. the default) was chosen Also amazon products use a derivation of 'FireOS' which is a fork of android from a while back, kinda like how linux-mint is a fork of ubuntu

@devsecfranklin Год назад

Really nice work Matt!

@mattbrwn Год назад

Thanks!

@thargok Месяц назад

Absolutely is an Android system, the runtime environment dalvik has a folder in the root directory which was the giveaway before the APK files. It looks like Amazon took a sample image used by MediaTek for that chipset (probably originally made for Xiaomi as some of their stuff is on it) but I'm not sure if they are actually doing much more than running background services or even starting up the runtime environment as it seems like a lot of overhead for what is really just a glorified IoT microphone and DAC.

@Xanderfied Месяц назад

Yeah, that was my thought as soon as the premise of the video was made clear. Also while Amazon may slap their logo on a device they didn't manufacturer jack crap. Just bought a bulk amount of components, hired a company in China to assemble them, and a couple of internal software engineers to write an API to make it all work together and answer to ALEXA. The amount of usable information that could possibly be altered or repurposed for something else is minimal at best.

@309electronics5 Месяц назад

All these smart speakers run some android or linux because making applications for android is damn easy and android already comes with all drivers and tools needed

@CM-xr9oq Месяц назад

21:30 silicone is a thermal insulator. It has very low thermal conductivity. Great video. I learned a lot.

@ransomxvi Год назад

This was fantastic! Thanks for the great walkthrough. Let us know how it continues :)

@mattbrwn Год назад

thanks! this device was pretty interesting.

@davidshaffer9418 Месяц назад

Super Great format. Informative and fun to watch.

@h8handles Год назад

Love hacking but new to hardware on this scale. Learning a lot here thanks so much!

@djtecthreat Месяц назад

I have no interest (right now) to dump chips but I love that I'm learning some linux stuff while watching and picking up some hardware hacking tips. Thanks Matt!

@CA-FE-C0-FF-EE-00 3 месяца назад

Damn, that was damn interesting. Has been some time, since I watched a 1-hour video :D Thanks for all the helpful explanations, I really learned some stuff. I loved that you were like "let's find out together" when you didn't understand something instantly. This way, people like me can build up confidence when doing something like this alone. Most RU-vidrs act like they know anything, this way you get really unconfident as a viewer because you feel you ass a viewer are the only person who struggles with stuff on the first try :D Thanks! Keep it up.

@jurkodev Месяц назад

51:18 the user name "owner" and the 2 XML files you explored there are standard for android if u take a vanilla android image u can make additional users and the main will always be named owner and the other users when created will appear there also as u see in the first xml it prohibits the dialer and WiFi for the guest user and that's android standard too

@paaabl0. Месяц назад

Matt, this is brilliant!! Thank you for sharing!

@marcosscriven Год назад

Incredibly well presented video. Thank you. I’ve been trying to understand how an IoT device that uses eMMC can be analysed, as I was only familiar with either simple 8-pin chips, or setups where the firmware could be downloaded without encryption.

@harjoat Год назад

Excited to see more :)

@Mbro-dq2do Месяц назад

Matt youre a god damn genius. My NEW favorite channel. Please keep at it mang

@markayala7752 Год назад

i have learned a lot hope you post more :) .

@mattbrwn Год назад

Hoping to do lots of new videos in 3023!

@AdricM Год назад

@@mattbrwn hope we dont have to wait that long. *eyeing the cryotank

@askal916 Год назад

Thanks for making this video. I would like to understand this information enough, to apply it to a 1st generation Echo Plus for the purpose of repurposing the hardware. I have always felt that the ~9" tall cylinder has impressive features: Microphones, lighted volume ring, top function buttons, and a pretty great sounding speaker setup. Do you think the main board could be repurposed, or that a newly designed board could be fitted while maintaining the functionality of the other components? I have a new 1st generation Echo Plus I'd be willing to send you. Also is that a Ravens hat your wearing? 👍Let me know.

@pandorasbox7957 Месяц назад

Just watched this a year later after it was posted love it hope your doing more of this type of video already

@RB-pc7tg Месяц назад

You can also use hot air on the chip or board while holding the braid with tweezers. As the solder liquifies, you use the braid to mop it up by just running it over.

@chrisk5433 Месяц назад

You should redo this process with an Echo that you have purchased and used yourself. See how much recognizable data you can find in an extraction.

@AdricM Год назад

id love to see more analysis of the google home mini.

@mattbrwn Год назад

What devices should I look at in the future?

@markayala7752 Год назад

I want starlink dishy :p .

@DJChol Год назад

What about participating in John McMasters reverse engineering of the XGecu programmer?

@mattbrwn Год назад

@@DJChol wow didn't know about this project! I currently use the xgecu software in wine. I'll look into this project!

@redacted1946 Год назад

How about something that requires fault injection/voltage glitching. For example to bypass rdp protection on an stm32. Hooking up to a uart shell or a jtag/swd debugger or mounting a filesystem is only so interesting.

@viewgoog Год назад

I have really been enjoying your videos they are all great! I would love to see you mess around with a DVR for cameras maybe one that is locked and see if you can unlock it? Could probably find one at a goodwill too!

@dwagner6 Месяц назад

Your soldering iron tip looks pretty oxidized. If it’s been giving you trouble, make sure to keep a blob of solder on it when you’re putting it away. Tip should be nice and shiny for best results

@Jason-ug7ey Год назад

Do you ever do in-system programming (ISP) extractions?

@user-lq4gw1sj8n Год назад

Грубые загрязнения хорошо счищается мягкой зубной щеткой. Чип от флюса хорошо чистить обычной салфеткой смоченной изопропиловым спиртом.

@S0ll Год назад

Matt you are a genius 👏💯

@mattbrwn Год назад

No one is a genius in this field. I probably get imposter syndrome just as much as the next guy. Just keep learning!

@omegatotal Месяц назад

Should definitely add newer lower temp desoldering solder (like CHIPQUIK) to the bottom of that to alloy with it and lower the melting temp, making it easier to clean up with the braid

@mattclaudio2502 Месяц назад

also which terminal window manager do you use??

@pierpa_76pierpaolo 5 месяцев назад

19:57 WOW reballing. What equipment do you use?

@randomfrequency Год назад

The SSID or password could also be in some other flash/nvram storage that operates more like a k/v store, this is pretty common with some other devices, although this one has a lot of storage. Likely that keychain apk would lead to more details.

@KSITREVS Год назад

Cool video, please keep it up.

@mattbrwn Год назад

Thanks, will do!

@tbwadz Месяц назад

Great video, very detailed. What I wanna know is where in the world do you get that portrait in the background?

@mattbrwn Месяц назад

displate :)

@spencerkevin 29 дней назад

great video, dd counterintuitively stands for copy & convert but cc was taken because of the C compiler

@frosty1433 Месяц назад

To reattach can you just use a solder mask and hope for the best or do you absolutely need to reball it?

@randomfrequency Год назад

You're very brave just doing `cat` on files instead of xxd :)

@randomfrequency Год назад

For future readers, cat would not encode any escape characters in the contents of the files, which could lead the either corruption of state in your terminal emulator, or potentially worse

@ErickBuildsStuff Год назад

Matt, i stumbled upon your video after trying to solve the stuck red mute button and no ring light for my echo 4. I purchased as defective and unable to figure out the problem. Both do not reset and only light that turns on is red mute button at 2 different lighting levels. I'm guessing it's some type of firmware issue. Many others have the same problem and could you look at one in the used market? Follow up video would be awesome.

@RickDeckardt 9 месяцев назад

dd stands for copy and convert, but since cc (c compiler) was already in use, they went for dd

@johnfeehley8100 Месяц назад

It was originally in IBM's JCL (labeled as "Data Definition") too

@robbdudeson346 Месяц назад

I just Subbed - You are pretty good, I want to see a channel where someone teaches Linux on a Kernel Level and goes Up from there... Everyone diverges onto like, Languages and stuff like that but that's not what I'm looking for, I wanna see someone show me how to vuild my own custom Kernel to run on an old Phone and how to force the UBOOT into eating my files and booting my Kernel... I would feel pretty accomplished at that point. The entry for alot of people needs to be the Kernel Level, Need someone to explain the Tools and Hardware that we need to start Learning Properly by RevEngineering Basic Junk... and you went over all that so Kudos! There is a lot of Useful Garbage out there, it would be cool to learn how to repurpose things into Other Stuff...Great Vids I already watched 3 of them...

@pumm3l46 Месяц назад

is it possible to do something similar to upgrade the storage chip on a fire stick?

@lilladokka 10 месяцев назад

like the features, setup was difficult for some of my devices (August Door lock, ru-vid.comUgkxhB5YOMNj04GuoAosExygP4cH-dKeb4aB Bose speaker)... but all switches and outlets (5), thermostat, tankless water heater. Unfortunately all I can do is turn on/off Bose. It doesn't support volume or changing channels, but I believe that is due to the particular speaker I have.... Worth getting if you already have other devices to use it with... I don't sit around and ask Alexa questions much so that doesn't really matter to me....

@Arm1nas 5 дней назад

39:40 - Haven't watched the whole video yet, but it definitely runs android. You would find the exact same file structure if you accesed the root filesystem of Android on your phone. The interesting part is in the /data folder, there's your whole userdata of Android. /data is where the userdata partition gets mounted, however it possibly uses encryption, so you would just see gibberish. What you can do to get a root shell on a live system is modify some files to enable adb root access.

@bagaselectra3469 Год назад

Interesting content i want more content about extracting firmware ,and i never know use linux os but very interesting ,maybe i will try linux os tomorrow thanks bro👍

@shanebrady568 Год назад

Not sure if you've covered this already but what microscope are you using? Could you go over the tools you have in a future video. Thank you!!!

@neon_Nomad Год назад

Louis rossman.

@mattbrwn Год назад

Yeah I will do some videos soon on that. I get a lot of stuff based on Louis Rossmann's recommendations.

@vgx-sam8164 Месяц назад

Rally cool stuff to short binge

@omarjcool 19 дней назад

Hey Matt, what would I need to flash firmware from a working amazon Echo plus 1st generation to a bricked one. the echo plus one has a debug pad as shown in "Tools to Root and Hack the Amazon Echo" from the TWiT Tech Podcast Network here in youtube, I would appreciate the help.

@lukedavis436 Месяц назад

I bet some journalist somewhere is gonna see this and spin up some article about "Are your Alexa's really safe?!!"

@s3anuk 9 месяцев назад

damn my xgecu t48 wont read that emmc :( that reader you used is really expensive too. anyone else found another way to read these? i've tried soldering it onto an sd breakout board but they are really difficult to reball and fit

@mattbrwn 9 месяцев назад

Yeah unfortunately these readers are the best way to go. Sometimes the pads are available for ICP but not always

@d2sfavs Месяц назад

this is great how you can get into the brains of electronics wish you were my neighbor would love to learn about scaning this new encryption that are becoming popular all over.i bet that could be hacked too.

@PapaLuis85 21 день назад

Do you know how to bypass the activation window on echo show 15?

@S1Pack Месяц назад

That Baltimore Ravens hat got you my subscription.

@Sammenluola Месяц назад

Before this, I had no idea this is now my preferred entertainment..! Which is weird since I have no hacking skills whatsoever. 😅

@onlyfirekills 24 дня назад

The first google streaming device that an update fried and bricked, I can't remember what it was called, Nexus? I have one that never got the dreaded update that overheated and ruined all the other ones, would be interesting to see what operating system it's running, since google doesn't use android on it's smart devices, or maybe it did back then? I don't know... Also I would be curious to see if adding a heat sink and a fan would prevent it from overheating and self destructing during the infamous update! That's my vote, I might even get one of those chip reader kits and use my rework station to start messing around with the Motorola internet connected Verizon cellular network extender, and cable TV receiver DVR. Two things that they probably really don't want people messing around with, which makes it even more exciting!

@WalterGreenIII Год назад

apk files are generally use in android???

@randomfrequency Год назад

Regarding "typing your password into youtube", why don't you just disable sudo prompting for passwords for users? by default there's a commented out entry in `visudo` that tells you how to do it.

@mattbrwn Год назад

haha yeah that's not a bad idea...

@forever-and-a-day2043 17 дней назад

You should do this with the smart photo frames from nixplay! Based on some of the ui during setup I have a sneaking suspicion they run android and they also have a micro usb port on the inside of the casing!

@siosinv3851 8 месяцев назад

What sources or publications did you use?

@siosinv3851 3 месяца назад

@mattbrwn still waiting on the detail Matt.

@Jules-ki9nx 4 месяца назад

Would love to know your lab set up.

@jamieharper5665 Месяц назад

A masterful removal of the chip and great video dude! 😊 Now I might be a little dumb here (as im primarily a software developer) but how does the flux and alcohol not damage the chip itself? Clearly it doesn't, i think i just don't understand how 🤔

@mattbrwn Месяц назад

Flux and alcohol are just chemicals used to allow solder to flow and clean the chip respectively. Doesn't affect chip internals or contact points. The alcohol is 99.9% so no corrosion.

@jamieharper5665 Месяц назад

@@mattbrwn Aaaaah I get ya, thanks that makes more sense now! 😁 As I say, I mostly just write code, but I'm messing with SBCs at the moment so this kind of knowledge is going to be super useful!

@straubulous9511 Месяц назад

May I ask how old you are? You seem quite knowledgeable

@neon_Nomad Год назад

You're not missing much without it ;p better off used for training purposes. Heres to that hotplate reflow station though

@mattbrwn Год назад

yeah I've been wanting to get some BGA reball stencils and solder paste. This should be a good opportunity.

@neon_Nomad Год назад

@@mattbrwn ebay is your friend:)

@neon_Nomad Год назад

@@mattbrwn lookup theCarplayAiboxFriends

@FlorianGT396 Год назад

That is REALLY great. Is there some way, we can exchange the extracted data, so people / others can work on Hacking the Bluetooth Firmware Update / Create alternative Firmware that does work without Amazon Stuff?

@gcm4312 Год назад

its illegal to share firmware dumps

@FlorianGT396 Год назад

@@gcm4312 hm ok. It would be cool to know, if there is some way to enable adb.

@gcm4312 Год назад

@@FlorianGT396 xda forums is your friend

@NKomarov 7 месяцев назад

It would be so cool to replace a memory chip with a bigger one and stuff it with lots of pirated mp3s, don't you think? You could also change some scripts to start ssh server on startup and do other cool things to actually 0wn the device. Maybe install a torrent client with a web-UI to control from your phone. And after you patched it, you could go to the nearest guy repairing phones, he knows where or how to buy a special "mask" (a tiny board with lots of punched holes in it that strictly correspond the contacts on that chip) to apply on the chip and add little metallic balls in order to put it back on the board. Restart, and you finally own it! 😀 P.S. Thanks for a great video! An instant sub from me!

@baghdadiabdellatif1581 6 месяцев назад

start your comment with spoiler alert 🤣

@Niall96 19 дней назад

Nice work but it's really just reconnaissance.. What exactly is the attack surface here? Leaking some API keys? Using APKTool to reverse engineer some interesting APK files? Or maybe try disrupt the secure boot process? I'd like to hear more :)

@polishsharpshooter2876 Месяц назад

But can you play any of the user’s commands? Can you play anything that it was listening to?

@SlinkyD Год назад

47:35 run `less` on the files in recover/log edit: correction

@scotthewitt6047 Месяц назад

Any way you can zoom more in when you are working in terminal

@mattbrwn Месяц назад

Yeah just realized that when editing my most recent video. Will keep that in mind next time

@WayneMetcalf 2 месяца назад

If you rub a sharpie pen over the chip, it makes it 10x easier to read.

@DrTeddyMMM Месяц назад

Rock on!

@tanjiro3285 Год назад

I'm trying to learn about writing firmware to cheap apple clone smartwatches and smartbands but I don't know where to look for tutorials on firmware development for mediatek chips and nrf chips.please guide 🙏

@mattbrwn Год назад

check out the PineTime watch! www.pine64.org/pinetime/ wiki.pine64.org/wiki/PineTime Its software and hardware is open source! You would be able to study the HW and SW for your own learning.

@tanjiro3285 Год назад

@@mattbrwni have seen the pinetime projectbut the hardware is not available easily in my country (India) please give me some course names which u followed

@redacted1946 Год назад

That just sounds like regular embedded firmware development. Find a development board with the same mcu that those cheap devices use, reverse engineer the spi/i2c pinouts for the peripherals, write and test your embedded firmware, and then flash it back onto the chip via jtag/swd assuming those cheap devices expose those debuggers

@nikolaikruglikov7358 5 дней назад

Not a security expert, but I think it would be possible to restore your root password from the sound of your typing, especially given that you type another stuff there, so one could build a sound profile of your keyboard. Hope you've changed the password!

@RevJimyJamz 3 месяца назад

30:23 data definition

@roberts.3712 Месяц назад

I love this complicated shit.

@sausix Месяц назад

You should mount your images read only if you want to keep their integrity.

@quigonkenny Месяц назад

All the Fire devices use a custom Android kernel. No doubt the guts of their other hardware all uses a lot of Android code for the base.

@neon_Nomad Год назад

Block a or block b gotta flash both or itl wreck your day

@eduardoanonimo3031 Год назад

Dude! I thought you have learned the leasson... sunshade hats are for gardening or for harvesting berries in the fields... Still repairing the roof?

@JonathanSwiftUK Месяц назад

To be honest it doesn't seem to make any financial sense, those components and fabrication and construction must have cost the same or more than I paid for it, especially when you say there is 16GB ram and 16G storage.

@deanvangreunen6457 Месяц назад

16gb storage is sus.

@fuehwbdb3765 Месяц назад

It's shared storage

@graytico Месяц назад

It makes perfect financial sense, they sell them at a loss because they'll make the money back and more in ads and extra sales you make on it. It's the same reason printers are so cheap, they're selling the ink not the printers.

@mikeg1433 Месяц назад

@@grayticoYep. In this case, your data is the “ink” that these run on😂

@JonathanSwiftUK Месяц назад

@graytico you mean they're a bit slow - they've only ever made massive losses, nobody buys on those things, yet they have stuck to making and selling them, maybe they are starting to suss out the business model about now, hence the heavy layoffs in this part of the business. Nice hardware, if I could figure out an actual use case, right now she is an expensive egg timer most of the time.