Lets Understand Hybrids and Wide Crosses: Animal and Plant Breeding and Genetics Part 4

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Greetings! This video is a deep-dive into the idea of using hybridization and wide crossing in breeding programs. We will discuss both the pros and cons so that you can make informed decisions in your own programs!
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Sample Citations:
Benson, J. F., & Patterson, B. R. (2013). Moose (Alces alces) predation by eastern coyotes (Canis latrans) and eastern coyote× eastern wolf (Canis latrans× Canis lycaon) hybrids. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 91(11), 837-841.
Bohling, J. H., & Waits, L. P. (2015). Factors influencing red wolf-coyote hybridization in eastern North Carolina, USA. Biological Conservation, 184, 108-116.
Diaz-Maroto, P., Rey-Iglesia, A., Cartajena, I., Núñez, L., Westbury, M. V., Varas, V., ... & Hansen, A. J. (2021). Ancient DNA reveals the lost domestication history of South American camelids in Northern Chile and across the Andes. Elife, 10, e63390.
Kadwell, M., Fernandez, M., Stanley, H. F., Baldi, R., Wheeler, J. C., Rosadio, R., & Bruford, M. W. (2001). Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268(1485), 2575-2584.
Kays, R., Curtis, A., & Kirchman, J. J. (2010). Rapid adaptive evolution of northeastern coyotes via hybridization with wolves. Biology letters, 6(1), 89-93.
Liu, Y. P., Wu, G. S., Yao, Y. G., Miao, Y. W., Luikart, G., Baig, M., ... & Zhang, Y. P. (2006). Multiple maternal origins of chickens: out of the Asian jungles. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 38(1), 12-19.
Monzón, J., Kays, R., & Dykhuizen, D. E. (2014). Assessment of coyote-wolf-dog admixture using ancestry‐informative diagnostic SNP s. Molecular ecology, 23(1), 182-197.
Thornton, D. H., & Murray, D. L. (2014). Influence of hybridization on niche shifts in expanding coyote populations. Diversity and Distributions, 20(11), 1355-1364.
Wragg, D., Mwacharo, J. M., Alcalde, J. A., Hocking, P. M., & Hanotte, O. (2012). Analysis of genome-wide structure, diversity and fine mapping of Mendelian traits in traditional and village chickens. Heredity, 109(1), 6-18.
0:00 About the series
2:20 Some definitions
14:42 Complex interspecific fertility
32:24 Hybrid swarms, adaptability
55:42 Genetic rescue
1:17:22 Making new breeds
1:30:00 Terminal hybrid crosses

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Опубликовано:

3 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 19

@annbrilofts0545 17 дней назад

Absolutely love these breeding videos. BTW Your camera operator is a trip..slight giggles..😂

@pseudopetrus 8 месяцев назад

Very good information!

@pseudopetrus 8 месяцев назад

I breed Partridge Chanteclers, they are a challenge, for a long time they were quite rare and it is difficult to get good stock. I have partnered with another breeder, we have our regular breeding projects as well as a special project, using a Partridge Rock hen I bought who has great penciling and great feather width, and more size. Lots of fun!

@oldwaysrisingfarm 8 месяцев назад

A thought for you to consider in your project, would be to include Orloffs! Like the Chanteclers they are heavily influenced by the malanoid breeds so type is similar, and also like the chanteclers they have been breed for winter hardiness and winter egg laying. In my opinion they are a superior wide cross than rocks. When planning these sort of project, don't think about color, color is always a tertiary consideration at best. Breeding priorities are always health first, production second, and then the "would be nice" like collar after those first two things are taken care of.

@pseudopetrus 8 месяцев назад

The Partridge Rock hen has the penciling genes we are looking for. I am dedicated to one breed, the Partridge Chantecler, the Rock hen descendants will be be added to our lines once their combs breed true for cushion and type matches the Chantecler type while still preserving her penciling. I did a lot of cross breeding in my younger days, it was fun, but now, crosses like the Partridge Rock hen and also Partridge Wyandotte, will only serve to improve my Chanteclers and add some diversity. I have three distinct P. Chantecler lines, one from a show breeder, one from a production breeder and a line from Alberta, where the P. Chantecler originated. So I am well aware of the negatives of inbreeding. My approach is the same as your sheep, using another breed to improve my stock for the long term health and to obtain desired characteristics. I think it is a misconception that all show birds are not as healthy, they can be every bit as healthy when bred right, particularly breeds that were originally bred for the homestead. I think the Orloff is a great breed. But I have to be focused on my goals. I did well at the shows, 3 grand champions, 2 reserve, best American, and a number of 1st, 2nds and 3rds. Winning at the shows means my stock is worth much more, and that helps pay the feed bills. But I respect what you are teaching, because if my birds are unhealthy and not vigorous, they drop in value. They are no use to anyone. Cheers from Canada!@@oldwaysrisingfarm

@pseudopetrus 8 месяцев назад

In Canada we have very big hybrid Wild Hogs, the size comes from some domestic large hog genes. It is said that the increased size helps them survive the cold. Big problem!

@oldwaysrisingfarm 8 месяцев назад

Yep, I am aware! And, they are coming to visit us in the states. At this point, almost every state has some flavor of hog problem. Some states admit it, others spot some hogs, play a little "wack-a-mole" for a month or 2, claim a victory and then say "nothing to say here!" It is just time to accept that between 1) the orignal Spanish hogs in the south, 2) farm escapees in the mid continent and 3) the Canadian "iron age hog" escapees that all of North America will be hog-populated within our lifetimes. There is peace in acceptance.

@RobG7aChattTN 5 месяцев назад

Great video! Surprised you don’t seem to know about the transgenic American Chestnuts? They are pure American except have a gene from wheat added to help them resist the effects of blight. There is a bit of an issue with the gene promoter they used (always on) but the general concept might be approved by the USDA this year. Look up Darling 58.

@oldwaysrisingfarm 5 месяцев назад

I do know about them, but chose to limit this series to traditional breeding methods. Darling 58 is in a more permanent red tape nightmare than you are indicating, though. There are several groups fighting tooth and nail to prevent it; and a couple months ago the university group that created it found an error (an honest error as far as I know; but I am not in that loop to know for sure) that had something to do with the promoter, I think that a vial got switched (which is easy to do when there are 200 identical micro tubes on a lab bench) and the promoter in the plant is not the one they published as having been used. In a very real biological sense it changes literally nothing, but the bureaucrats decided that this oversight warrants the strain a new case file and are demanding that all the research on the Darling 58 strain be repeated. Now, the fact that the regulators receive large sums of money in order to oversee those experiments...well, I will let you draw your own conclusion on that one. Money turns people into idiots as fast as alcoholism does. There actually are some genuine concerns that the promoter could be working as a special case in this one individual and would harm other surviving chestnuts that does deserve following up on, and some First Nations land claims issues that the diplomats need to attend to. In any case, the Darling chestnuts are, I would guess, at least a decade out, just on regulatory hurdles along.

@RobG7aChattTN 5 месяцев назад

@@oldwaysrisingfarm I think the issue was Darling 58 got switched with Darling 57 which had the gene in a different location and really shouldn’t matter and might get approved as-is since the “safety” issue should be the same. The issue with the promoter is that it keeps the OXO gene on all the time which stunts the growth and a promoter that only switches on under times of stress would be more efficient (the new Darwin strains). If the Darling gets approved it will really be the Darwin that gets used and once cross bred with all the wild strains it will really just be that gene and promoter in the wild population. Sadly the only reason it might get approved is the timber industry would really benefit.

@RobG7aChattTN 5 месяцев назад

I’m making my own chicken breed as well but trying to inbreed to make them uniform yet keep the population healthy. I’d love to see a specific video on how to establish a new breed since that should be more complicated than maintaining a line.

@oldwaysrisingfarm 5 месяцев назад

Well, it's actually arbitrary. The idea of something being a "breed" is more about marketing and politics than any actual biology. A line becomes a breed when you suck up to a breed club long enough to get them to list your line in their breed book. That's really it.

@oldwaysrisingfarm 5 месяцев назад

Now, line breeding in a closes group will give you consistent outcomes, but only works if the overall population is very, very large so you can cross lines. Since each line is so closely related (as close to clones as is possible with a vertebrate population) each line counts as just a single individual when calculating your effective population. So, for a line-bread based "breed" to survive long term, you need a minimum of 50 lines, started from completely unrelated parents in order to succeed. This numerical problem is why so few succeed at this game. It is far more feasible to use a clan or mob breeding system and accept some variability--because it is variability that gives a population of animals its resistance, the lack of variability is more of a human fetish than a biological strength.

@RobG7aChattTN 5 месяцев назад

@@oldwaysrisingfarm I understand that except I really do want people to appreciate and breed these birds and the only way to do that is have something uniform and consistent. I personally don’t care about showing birds and right now I love the variability and I have trouble deciding exactly which characteristics to keep but other people want uniformity.

@RobG7aChattTN 5 месяцев назад

@@oldwaysrisingfarm right now I still keep a free-range flock of former breeders so maybe I could periodically pull one of those birds into the clan breeding. Some of the hens are from very early on and one is even a pure O Shamo.

@oldwaysrisingfarm 5 месяцев назад

@@RobG7aChattTN I hear you, it is a big social problem. It comes from the same Victorian ideas that gave us racism. What you could do is something like what Whiting Farms did with their fly tying hackle birds--they fixed the traits related to hackle thickness, length and rigidity then let everything else be variable, including color. They would breed to make sure all colors were maintained, but not in groups expressing a single color. I am curious, what sort of bird are you working with?