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LIEU LIVE at MARKET HOTEL NYC • FIONAS WORLD (FULL SET TIME STAMPED) 

DemyPlayz
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22 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 53   
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT Год назад
nah bc lieu ate the whole show up 🥹🧡🖤🧡🖤🧡 W RAB 🔥🔥💯💯💯🩹🐮💗 EDIT: comment your favorite song / part 🎉 EDIT 2: POISON IS OUT NOWWW YASSS GO STREAM ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-F3pkJJyQf4g.html
@Kabarminnyarzar29
@Kabarminnyarzar29 Год назад
Kid why do you hate funneh she didn't even do nothing
@SaltEater2Official
@SaltEater2Official 2 месяца назад
going to a irl roblox concert is insane
@remina1
@remina1 Год назад
this was so fun Rab fucking killed their performance
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
Grass is a type of plant with narrow leaves growing from the base. Their appearance as a common plant was in the mid-Cretaceous period. There are 12,000 species now. A common kind of grass is used to cover the ground in places such as lawns and parks. Grass is usually the color green. That is because they are wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated, so they do not have to attract insects. Green is the best colour for photosynthesis. Grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant cover 40.5% of the land area of the Earth, except Greenland and Antarctica. Grasses are monocotyledon herbaceous plants. They include the "grass" of the family Poaceae, which are called grass by ordinary people. This family is also called the Gramineae, and includes some of the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae).[5] These three families are not very closely related, though all of them belong to clades in the order Poales. They are similar adaptations to a similar life-style. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, after the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae.[6] The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns (turf) and grassland. Uses for graminoids include food (as grain, sprouted grain, shoots or rhizomes), drink (beer, whisky), pasture for livestock, thatching thatch, paper, fuel, clothing, insulation, construction, sports turf, basket weaving and many others. Many grasses are short, but some grasses can grow tall, such as bamboo. Plants from the grass family can grow in many places and make grasslands, including areas which are very arid or cold. There are several other plants that look similar to grass and are referred to as such, but are not members of the grass family. These plants include rushes, reeds, papyrus and water chestnut. Seagrass is a monocot in the order Alismatales. Grasses are an important food for many animals, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, mice, grasshoppers, caterpillars and many other grazers. Unlike other plants, grasses grow from the bottom, so when animals eat grass they usually do not destroy the part that grows. This is a part of why the plants are successful. Without grass, soil may wash away into rivers (erosion). Grasses include some of the most versatile plant life-forms. They became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous. Fossilized dinosaur dung (coprolites) have been found containing grass phytoliths (silica stones inside grass leaves). Grasses have adapted to conditions in lush rain forests, dry deserts, cold mountains and even intertidal habitats, and are now the most widespread plant type. Grass is a valuable source of food and energy for many animals. Language In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). Grassland A grassland is a biome, an area of land that mostly has grasses. There are wild grasses, and there may be some trees. Several parts of the world have grasslands. Grasslands are found in Africa, North America, Central Asia, South America, and near the coasts of Australia. The largest grasslands are in East Africa. Grasslands with a few scattered trees are called savannas. Others are called prairies or steppes. Evolutionary History The graminoids became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous period. The appearance of mountains in the western United States during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs created a continental climate which was favourable to the evolution of grasslands. About five million years ago, in the Miocene in the New World and the Pliocene in the Old World, the first true grasslands grew. Existing forest biomes declined, and grasslands became much more widespread. Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie",[3] the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands.[4] The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Vegetation Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie", the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands. The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Degradation When shrubs and bushes can grow more and replace grass, this is called woody plant encroachment. This change may be harmful. It can make the number of plant species fewer. It allows less water to go into the ground and animals have less to eat. For that reason woody encroachment is often called a form of land degradation. But this is not always the case. Encroachment can lead to good changes in nature. The tallgrass prairie is a native ecosystem of the drainage basin of the Mississippi. Retreating glaciers dropped moraine material about 10,000 years ago. Wind-dropped loess and organic matter accumulated. This made the soil. The prairie had the deepest level of topsoil recorded anywhere. For 5,000 to 8,000 years, more than 240 million acres (970,000 km2) of prairie grasslands were a major feature of the landscape. Animals such as buffalo, elk, deer, and rabbits lived there.[7] The animals added nitrogen to the soil with their urine and faeces. Prairie dogs dug tunnels that "aerated the soil and channeled water several feet below the surface". Between 1800 and 1930, most of this natural environment was destroyed. Settlers transformed what they called "the Great American Desert" or "The Inland Sea" into farmland. They replaced the old grasses with new ones, mostly wheat and maize, grasses that are ecologically different from the original cereals. They replaced the bison with cattle, another kind of bovine. About 40% of the world's maize grows in the United States, mostly on land that formerly grew grass. The grazing pattern of European cattle, the near-extermination of prairie dogs, and the plowing and cultivation of the land did the damage. Plowing cut tallgrass root systems and interrupted reproduction. Drainage changed the soil's water content, and soil erosion lost soil. Estimates differ of how much original tallgrass prairie survives. Perhaps less than 1% to 4%, mostly in "scattered remnants found in pioneer cemeteries, restoration projects, along highways and railroad rights-of-way, and on steep bluffs high above rivers". Skeleton A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is the stable outer shell of an organism, the endoskeleton, which forms the support structure inside the body, and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal skeleton supported by fluid pressure. Vertebrates are animals with a vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bone and cartilage. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column. The skeletons of invertebrates vary, including hard exoskeleton shells, plated endoskeletons, or spicules. Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. Classification Skeletons can be defined by several attributes. Solid skeletons consist of hard substances, such as bone, cartilage, or cuticle. These can be further divided by location; internal skeletons are endoskeletons, and external skeletons are exoskeletons. Skeletons may also be defined by rigidity, where pliant skeletons are more elastic than rigid skeletons. Fluid or hydrostatic skeletons do not have hard structure like solid skeletons, instead functioning via pressurized fluids. Hydrostatic skeletons are always internal. Exoskeleton Exoskeletons are external skeletons that cover the body of an animal, serving as armor to protect an animal from predators. Arthropods have exoskeletons that encase their bodies and have to undergo periodic moulting or ecdysis as the animal grows. The shells of molluscs are another form of exoskeleton. Exoskeletons provide a surface for the attachment of muscles, and specialized appendanges of the exoskeleton can assist with movement and defense. In arthropods, the exoskeleton also assists with sensory perception.
@whatever8572
@whatever8572 Год назад
rab is drippy asf 🤭🤭🤭
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT Год назад
RIIIGHTTT
@notkonni
@notkonni Год назад
lmfao he dresses exactly like his roblox avatar 😭😭
@brudderfolk
@brudderfolk Год назад
3:00 danny gonzalez wallpaper
@voidzmhm
@voidzmhm 4 месяца назад
he movin like he got tourets syndrome smh
@dxsirelxzzie
@dxsirelxzzie Месяц назад
I WANNA BE THERE OMG
@andyphantom
@andyphantom Год назад
Broooo I missed this show never knew it was happening 😭 I’m the biggest Lieu fan and I go to Market hotel all the time so tragic. Anyone pls lmk when they’re performing next thanks
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT Год назад
gotchu ❤
@spadyy3245
@spadyy3245 9 месяцев назад
DELTA MENTIONED WHAT IS A BAD SONG
@-Oral-
@-Oral- Год назад
I Wish I Was There 🎉🎉🎉
@yxira17
@yxira17 6 месяцев назад
bro i just accidentally typed demy plasma and got this lmao
@anthem777
@anthem777 11 месяцев назад
omg forgive is so hard
@BestieNotBerry
@BestieNotBerry 7 месяцев назад
Will lieu ever preform again? Need them to come to LA
@thunderr118
@thunderr118 Год назад
what happened to the erik cassel thing about you
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
In the darks.
@Cai-r7t
@Cai-r7t 7 месяцев назад
her last video is her exposing i showspeed but she quit, she is the only lisa clone that ever showed her face, all the lisa clones never showed their face except for her.
@suutil
@suutil 7 месяцев назад
what
@Cai-r7t
@Cai-r7t 7 месяцев назад
@@suutil Yeah, that's what i said in her comment section.
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT 6 месяцев назад
i’m back ugly n i’m not no nasty ahh lisa clone so watch yo goddamn mouth yo 💀
@suutil
@suutil 6 месяцев назад
i dont get it, u got any context?@@DemyPlayzYT
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
hahahahah im attacking the whole comment
@ADORBSXKITTZ
@ADORBSXKITTZ Год назад
AGHHHH I WAS THERE
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT Год назад
OMGG I PROBABLY SAW UUU !! WHO WERE UU??
@ADORBSXKITTZ
@ADORBSXKITTZ Год назад
@@DemyPlayzYT THE VERY SLAY GIRL
@ADORBSXKITTZ
@ADORBSXKITTZ Год назад
@@DemyPlayzYT JK I WAS THE GIRL W BLACK HAIR AND BROWN SKIN I WAS AT THE BACK THO
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
SHUT UP AND GO TO AMERICAN 🇺🇸
@nick5048
@nick5048 11 месяцев назад
bruh i was right in front of u w the clear hair clip
@zzzdeprivedgang9723
@zzzdeprivedgang9723 10 месяцев назад
Idk why it but feels weird to see these songs performed
@atiniz
@atiniz Год назад
aint no way u threw that at rab
@DemyPlayzYT
@DemyPlayzYT Год назад
yeah i did and rab better still have it 😡
@miss_30183
@miss_30183 Год назад
its time to drink water
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
Damn what is that people? Clown people?
@atiniz
@atiniz Год назад
weird am i right
@kelemenRIZZ
@kelemenRIZZ Год назад
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
Btw I'm was on the party
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
1v1 children
@achildmakingcontent
@achildmakingcontent Год назад
Man she removed my comments 💀
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
Grass is a type of plant with narrow leaves growing from the base. Their appearance as a common plant was in the mid-Cretaceous period. There are 12,000 species now. A common kind of grass is used to cover the ground in places such as lawns and parks. Grass is usually the color green. That is because they are wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated, so they do not have to attract insects. Green is the best colour for photosynthesis. Grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant cover 40.5% of the land area of the Earth, except Greenland and Antarctica. Grasses are monocotyledon herbaceous plants. They include the "grass" of the family Poaceae, which are called grass by ordinary people. This family is also called the Gramineae, and includes some of the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae).[5] These three families are not very closely related, though all of them belong to clades in the order Poales. They are similar adaptations to a similar life-style. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, after the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae.[6] The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns (turf) and grassland. Uses for graminoids include food (as grain, sprouted grain, shoots or rhizomes), drink (beer, whisky), pasture for livestock, thatching thatch, paper, fuel, clothing, insulation, construction, sports turf, basket weaving and many others. Many grasses are short, but some grasses can grow tall, such as bamboo. Plants from the grass family can grow in many places and make grasslands, including areas which are very arid or cold. There are several other plants that look similar to grass and are referred to as such, but are not members of the grass family. These plants include rushes, reeds, papyrus and water chestnut. Seagrass is a monocot in the order Alismatales. Grasses are an important food for many animals, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, mice, grasshoppers, caterpillars and many other grazers. Unlike other plants, grasses grow from the bottom, so when animals eat grass they usually do not destroy the part that grows. This is a part of why the plants are successful. Without grass, soil may wash away into rivers (erosion). Grasses include some of the most versatile plant life-forms. They became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous. Fossilized dinosaur dung (coprolites) have been found containing grass phytoliths (silica stones inside grass leaves). Grasses have adapted to conditions in lush rain forests, dry deserts, cold mountains and even intertidal habitats, and are now the most widespread plant type. Grass is a valuable source of food and energy for many animals. Language In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). Grassland A grassland is a biome, an area of land that mostly has grasses. There are wild grasses, and there may be some trees. Several parts of the world have grasslands. Grasslands are found in Africa, North America, Central Asia, South America, and near the coasts of Australia. The largest grasslands are in East Africa. Grasslands with a few scattered trees are called savannas. Others are called prairies or steppes. Evolutionary History The graminoids became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous period. The appearance of mountains in the western United States during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs created a continental climate which was favourable to the evolution of grasslands. About five million years ago, in the Miocene in the New World and the Pliocene in the Old World, the first true grasslands grew. Existing forest biomes declined, and grasslands became much more widespread. Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie",[3] the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands.[4] The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Vegetation Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie", the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands. The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Degradation When shrubs and bushes can grow more and replace grass, this is called woody plant encroachment. This change may be harmful. It can make the number of plant species fewer. It allows less water to go into the ground and animals have less to eat. For that reason woody encroachment is often called a form of land degradation. But this is not always the case. Encroachment can lead to good changes in nature. The tallgrass prairie is a native ecosystem of the drainage basin of the Mississippi. Retreating glaciers dropped moraine material about 10,000 years ago. Wind-dropped loess and organic matter accumulated. This made the soil. The prairie had the deepest level of topsoil recorded anywhere. For 5,000 to 8,000 years, more than 240 million acres (970,000 km2) of prairie grasslands were a major feature of the landscape. Animals such as buffalo, elk, deer, and rabbits lived there.[7] The animals added nitrogen to the soil with their urine and faeces. Prairie dogs dug tunnels that "aerated the soil and channeled water several feet below the surface". Between 1800 and 1930, most of this natural environment was destroyed. Settlers transformed what they called "the Great American Desert" or "The Inland Sea" into farmland. They replaced the old grasses with new ones, mostly wheat and maize, grasses that are ecologically different from the original cereals. They replaced the bison with cattle, another kind of bovine. About 40% of the world's maize grows in the United States, mostly on land that formerly grew grass. The grazing pattern of European cattle, the near-extermination of prairie dogs, and the plowing and cultivation of the land did the damage. Plowing cut tallgrass root systems and interrupted reproduction. Drainage changed the soil's water content, and soil erosion lost soil. Estimates differ of how much original tallgrass prairie survives. Perhaps less than 1% to 4%, mostly in "scattered remnants found in pioneer cemeteries, restoration projects, along highways and railroad rights-of-way, and on steep bluffs high above rivers". Skeleton A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is the stable outer shell of an organism, the endoskeleton, which forms the support structure inside the body, and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal skeleton supported by fluid pressure. Vertebrates are animals with a vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bone and cartilage. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column. The skeletons of invertebrates vary, including hard exoskeleton shells, plated endoskeletons, or spicules. Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. Classification Skeletons can be defined by several attributes. Solid skeletons consist of hard substances, such as bone, cartilage, or cuticle. These can be further divided by location; internal skeletons are endoskeletons, and external skeletons are exoskeletons. Skeletons may also be defined by rigidity, where pliant skeletons are more elastic than rigid skeletons. Fluid or hydrostatic skeletons do not have hard structure like solid skeletons, instead functioning via pressurized fluids. Hydrostatic skeletons are always internal. Exoskeleton Exoskeletons are external skeletons that cover the body of an animal, serving as armor to protect an animal from predators. Arthropods have exoskeletons that encase their bodies and have to undergo periodic moulting or ecdysis as the animal grows. The shells of molluscs are another form of exoskeleton. Exoskeletons provide a surface for the attachment of muscles, and specialized appendanges of the exoskeleton can assist with movement and defense. In arthropods, the exoskeleton also assists with sensory perception.
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
touch grass now!!! if you all are reading this touch it @DemyPlayzYT touch grass cuz youre still 5 years old
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
@@bryan-_-105 ok i guess
@soniceyw
@soniceyw 5 месяцев назад
you play minecraft fn hush up
@rsanjaya1907
@rsanjaya1907 Год назад
Grass is a type of plant with narrow leaves growing from the base. Their appearance as a common plant was in the mid-Cretaceous period. There are 12,000 species now. A common kind of grass is used to cover the ground in places such as lawns and parks. Grass is usually the color green. That is because they are wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated, so they do not have to attract insects. Green is the best colour for photosynthesis. Grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant cover 40.5% of the land area of the Earth, except Greenland and Antarctica. Grasses are monocotyledon herbaceous plants. They include the "grass" of the family Poaceae, which are called grass by ordinary people. This family is also called the Gramineae, and includes some of the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae).[5] These three families are not very closely related, though all of them belong to clades in the order Poales. They are similar adaptations to a similar life-style. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, after the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae.[6] The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns (turf) and grassland. Uses for graminoids include food (as grain, sprouted grain, shoots or rhizomes), drink (beer, whisky), pasture for livestock, thatching thatch, paper, fuel, clothing, insulation, construction, sports turf, basket weaving and many others. Many grasses are short, but some grasses can grow tall, such as bamboo. Plants from the grass family can grow in many places and make grasslands, including areas which are very arid or cold. There are several other plants that look similar to grass and are referred to as such, but are not members of the grass family. These plants include rushes, reeds, papyrus and water chestnut. Seagrass is a monocot in the order Alismatales. Grasses are an important food for many animals, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, mice, grasshoppers, caterpillars and many other grazers. Unlike other plants, grasses grow from the bottom, so when animals eat grass they usually do not destroy the part that grows. This is a part of why the plants are successful. Without grass, soil may wash away into rivers (erosion). Grasses include some of the most versatile plant life-forms. They became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous. Fossilized dinosaur dung (coprolites) have been found containing grass phytoliths (silica stones inside grass leaves). Grasses have adapted to conditions in lush rain forests, dry deserts, cold mountains and even intertidal habitats, and are now the most widespread plant type. Grass is a valuable source of food and energy for many animals. Language In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). In English, the word "grass" appears in several phrases. For example: "The grass is always greener on the other side" means "people are never happy with what they have and want something else". "Don't let the grass grow under your feet" means "Do something". "A snake in the grass" is about a person that will not be honest and will trick others. All flesh is grass: Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter 40, verses 6-8. A very true observation of the present-day ecology. See the Miocene for the ecological relevance. Grass is a slang term for cannabis (pot, weed, or marijuana). Grassland A grassland is a biome, an area of land that mostly has grasses. There are wild grasses, and there may be some trees. Several parts of the world have grasslands. Grasslands are found in Africa, North America, Central Asia, South America, and near the coasts of Australia. The largest grasslands are in East Africa. Grasslands with a few scattered trees are called savannas. Others are called prairies or steppes. Evolutionary History The graminoids became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous period. The appearance of mountains in the western United States during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs created a continental climate which was favourable to the evolution of grasslands. About five million years ago, in the Miocene in the New World and the Pliocene in the Old World, the first true grasslands grew. Existing forest biomes declined, and grasslands became much more widespread. Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie",[3] the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands.[4] The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Vegetation Grassland vegetation can vary greatly in height. The chalk grassland of southern England is quite short, often with small, delicate flowers. Grass is quite tall in the Mississippi "tallgrass prairie", the South American grasslands and the African savannas. This provides a degree of cover for the smaller animals, and so increases the number of species which can live there. Woody plants, shrubs or trees, may occur on some grasslands. The root systems of perennial grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) form complex mats that hold the soil in place. Degradation When shrubs and bushes can grow more and replace grass, this is called woody plant encroachment. This change may be harmful. It can make the number of plant species fewer. It allows less water to go into the ground and animals have less to eat. For that reason woody encroachment is often called a form of land degradation. But this is not always the case. Encroachment can lead to good changes in nature. The tallgrass prairie is a native ecosystem of the drainage basin of the Mississippi. Retreating glaciers dropped moraine material about 10,000 years ago. Wind-dropped loess and organic matter accumulated. This made the soil. The prairie had the deepest level of topsoil recorded anywhere. For 5,000 to 8,000 years, more than 240 million acres (970,000 km2) of prairie grasslands were a major feature of the landscape. Animals such as buffalo, elk, deer, and rabbits lived there.[7] The animals added nitrogen to the soil with their urine and faeces. Prairie dogs dug tunnels that "aerated the soil and channeled water several feet below the surface". Between 1800 and 1930, most of this natural environment was destroyed. Settlers transformed what they called "the Great American Desert" or "The Inland Sea" into farmland. They replaced the old grasses with new ones, mostly wheat and maize, grasses that are ecologically different from the original cereals. They replaced the bison with cattle, another kind of bovine. About 40% of the world's maize grows in the United States, mostly on land that formerly grew grass. The grazing pattern of European cattle, the near-extermination of prairie dogs, and the plowing and cultivation of the land did the damage. Plowing cut tallgrass root systems and interrupted reproduction. Drainage changed the soil's water content, and soil erosion lost soil. Estimates differ of how much original tallgrass prairie survives. Perhaps less than 1% to 4%, mostly in "scattered remnants found in pioneer cemeteries, restoration projects, along highways and railroad rights-of-way, and on steep bluffs high above rivers". Skeleton A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is the stable outer shell of an organism, the endoskeleton, which forms the support structure inside the body, and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal skeleton supported by fluid pressure. Vertebrates are animals with a vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bone and cartilage. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column. The skeletons of invertebrates vary, including hard exoskeleton shells, plated endoskeletons, or spicules. Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. Classification Skeletons can be defined by several attributes. Solid skeletons consist of hard substances, such as bone, cartilage, or cuticle. These can be further divided by location; internal skeletons are endoskeletons, and external skeletons are exoskeletons. Skeletons may also be defined by rigidity, where pliant skeletons are more elastic than rigid skeletons. Fluid or hydrostatic skeletons do not have hard structure like solid skeletons, instead functioning via pressurized fluids. Hydrostatic skeletons are always internal. Exoskeleton Exoskeletons are external skeletons that cover the body of an animal, serving as armor to protect an animal from predators. Arthropods have exoskeletons that encase their bodies and have to undergo periodic moulting or ecdysis as the animal grows. The shells of molluscs are another form of exoskeleton. Exoskeletons provide a surface for the attachment of muscles, and specialized appendanges of the exoskeleton can assist with movement and defense. In arthropods, the exoskeleton also assists with sensory perception.
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