Same way you would write logs on your local environment. The thing that is different on colab is that you'd most likely want to mount your google drive to the google colab environment so that you can access your results after the instance has been terminated via limit use.
The output is placed in a file! I just created a different class to handle console output when needed. github.com/SpencerPao/Production_Pieces/blob/main/Logging/config/logging_config.yaml
WARNING: Do not use logging to replace common messages on your system! Use print instead. You will be flooded with unwanted messages from third-party packages! The use of logging in these cases is considered bad practice!