Magnetic, Electric Fields & EM Waves: History and Physics 

Thankyou so much madam, for this awesome collection of facts in an intriguing way. 😇

I wish people would research the dielectric (aka 'empty space') more. At time 4:23, "Faraday disconnected the battery, and an *_amazing thing_* happened..." There is a shock wave effect on the compass needle that is visible commencing time 4:25. The shock wave is a brief alignment of the dipole constituents of the dielectric in the immediate vicinity of the transformer secondary wire, a shock wave that is very quickly quenched away by the dipole constituents further displaced from the coils. The dipole constituents posses a magnetic moment and are polarize-able. The coupling from primary to secondary is enabled by the dielectric - by its constituents. *ANALOGY* - a submarine turns on a sea water boiler mounted at its front - the seawater in the immediate front turns to steam - the steam is quickly 'quenched' back to liquid by the massive volume of colder seawater adjacent to the steamed water The shock wave in this analogy is the water-to-steam phase change and its immediate quench by the ambient seawater. We use the existence of these dipole constituents and their polarize-ability in work on artificial gravity devices. A transformer's primary winding only produces an induced magnetic field/current flow in the secondary winding - a coupling through the 'empty' space between the pair of windings - via this shock wave, a very brief magnetic alignment of the dipole constituents in the immediate vicinity of the primary and secondary windings. At some point we'd like to create demonstrative experiments to expose the dipole constituents but it will come after our artgrav device work. The shock wave effect, which physically mimics the boiled-to-steam seawater example above, is an actual demonstration but it's too well known to be re-investigated by conventional thought. We needed to solve artificial gravity and were forced to discern the dipole constituents as the first step, there was no way around it. When you said 'Faraday was universally hated' at time 1:35, our small group knows what that's like. We relied on the following facts: 1) the dielectric is electrically polarize-able - it has to be, because the electric polarity of the field in an electromagnetic wave in space is an example of the dielectric's polarize-ability - and see *Vacuum Permittivity* page on wiki 2) the dielectric is magnetically polarize-able - same example, the magnetic field of an EM wave in 'empty' space fluctuates polarity - and see *Vacuum Permeability* page on wiki 3) the dielectric has a 'characteristic impedance' of 377 ohms 4) the annihilation of electron-positron pair creates two gamma rays and there is no gamma ray background in space It is our belief the dipole constituents of space are persistent particle-antiparticle dipole pairs, but that's a story for another day. I love your work, always look forward to it. The wife and I used to live in Silicon Valley - I attended UC Berkeley, she was crossing the Bay Bridge during the week to attend UCSF while I worked on my undergrad and grad degrees. Sorry for the length but it's an easy read for a scientist like you who possesses immense curiosity. .

Glad it was helpful!

Thank you!

Take two of many plants, set one inside a house in front of a constant burning . wood fire so it has proper heat and water and nutrients the same as the other, that those elements will give it what plants require" and the other outside in the sun. The one in the sun will live the other will not. WHY? They both have heat and light and nutrients.

Hear hear. Superb explanation and a joy to listen to. Well done Kathy

@@scienteer3562 Indeed.She informs, AND makes me laugh.

It is so depressing how some people call themselves teachers and yet try to stifle creativity. I’m so glad you stuck with physics despite that. Also, glad you like the video. Cheers, Kathy

There is a chapter in Feynman's "Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman" (or was it the other one?) where Feynman describes his experience with university students in Brasil and the... suboptimal way of teaching physics there. I wonder if it was he who prompted a change in Brazilian physics education. The timing seems consistent.

@@dodatroda I am not sure I understood your comment. The concept of ether was to be some kind of media to convey something. In that time the books I found stated the space (outside our planet) would be filled by this ether and it would work like air (to convey sound). In this concept ether would have physical properties and "be" something. To my 10 years old brain it would mean capable of dragging, too. I believe this physical concept was what Faraday also rejected. When we take the ether out of the space, what we find is that space does not exist. It does need to exist. It has a name, but has no content. Well, this subject is quite funny. After all, there is the curvature in space-time and if something get curved it must be there. Perhaps this curvature is just an illustration of the effects of a gravity field, and not actually something being curved. This is why I love science... Even the emptiness is full of wonders.

Thanks, wish I had more Chemistry knowledge (although I do cover some chemists including Haber).

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Yes. I love your videos. Especially the tragic Macbethian decline of Philip Lenard. I'm a chemist/biochemist. I wish I could help you with your research for famous chemists. I don't have as much time to do similar videos myself. :(

I grew up with the Exploratorium! Part of the reason I became a scientist/science teacher.

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Wonderful! My main problem is that since they moved to the wharf, I have gone with my younger kids that have very different interests and patience levels than I do. Now that my youngest is 14 and no longer needs the same level or types of supervision , I want to go again.

@@GoCoyote My parents let me wander on my own when I was 7. I couldn't imagine being 14 and just being able to not need supervision in a Exploratorium of all things. At 14, I'd be going on cross country trips with just friends and completely unannounced.

@@pyropulseIXXI I am so glad to hear that you have had the wonderful experience of being “let loose” in the world in a positive way. I was looking back on a time when my younger child was 4 to 6, and had a tendency to just take off without any notice. Not a problem at home, since I just had to shout his name or look up the tallest tree when it was time to eat or do chores. But a little stressful to loose him in the city.

I’m so glad you liked it

I am so glad you found my video so helpful. Your comment was so lovely I told my husband that he had to check out the comments specifically to read yours. Thank you.

Faraday is definitely one of my favorites and it makes me happy to share my appreciation of him

For some reason his contributions and even Maxwells are hidden from the general public. We , geeks , know of Einstein’s hight appreciation for his work, but outside seldom he is included in the top scientist list. Faraday is even less named in such lists.

You should be happy with the next several videos I have planned (aside from one where I unbox my book - that will be all personal :P)

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I am looking forward to see these planned videos, including the unboxing! :P

That is such a lovely thing to say. Thank you

I am so glad you liked it. I was also shocked by how influential Faraday was. It is so fun to go back to the original documents and see how all these ideas developed.

Noether was truly one of the greatest, but pls don't make a gender issue about this.

@@bocckoka It's my pitch. Kathy likes the feminist stories.

Emmy Noether was more of a mathematician so I tend to ignore her - but as I am getting into the theories of fields more, maybe I should take a closer look.

Welcome 😊

Kathy did a talk for ham radio enthusiasts before.

I agree with you 100% on Faraday and QM. That’s why I was saying the idea of fields is so foundational for modern physics. Honestly I think that Farity could think the way he did because he couldn’t do the math. I think that his lack of math skills caused him to consider problems with different concepts and different ideas and his lack of education allowed him to fundamentally reshape Physics and Chemistry. And when you add the mathematical genius of Maxwell? You get magic.

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics When studying physics, I noticed that once you can do the math, you get to results faster, but its also narrowing your view on the problem since you tend to go math first. I would agree that Faradays genius may have been a result of NOT being able to do the math.

@@wernerviehhauser94 Yes, I think that was Faraday's genius. I'm not saying the math isn't important. It absolutely is. But, I'm NOT in the camp who would say, "Just shut up and calculate." To me, that is not satisfying. I need to have a picture in my mind of what the math is really saying. That's particularly hard with QM because as Arvin Ash and Sabine Hossenfelder point out in a video they did together, we don't have the language to describe QM since it's not what we see in everyday life. While I understand the definition of a field, I still have trouble trying to get a good intuitive feel for what that means; i.e., what's the physical "thing"?

What do you mean "so close to getting it right?" He did get it right, on many different things....

@@pyropulseIXXI Of course Faraday got many different things right. My point is his lack of the necessary math skills kept him from getting to the next step, which was later accomplished by Maxwell. Faraday made so many great contributions. My comment was not meant to disparage his accomplishments.

Thank you 😊

Thank you so much for your kind words.

Thank you!!!!!

Thank you x1000 (ps. did you visit my website www.kathylovesphysics.com to download the first 120 pages or do you want to wait?)

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I'm an old dude. I'll wait until I can hold it and revel in that new book smell. 😏

Glad you liked it

Thank you thank you thank you!! Did you download the PDF of the first 3 chapters from my website?

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Not yet but I will. Thanks for the reminder.

Thanks!

Thank you Raphael ❤️❤️

Aww thanks John.

Thank you so much for your kind words. So glad you liked my work. 😊

Yes exactly.

I put a transcript of this video as well as citations on my website www.KathyLovesPhysics.com

You are so welcome!

I hope you had a field day with it 😗

Describing faraday as a beautiful, gentle, modest, sincere character is perfect. I agree with you 100% (not sure about William Pitt the younger as I don’t know him very well - mostly I just remember people making fun of him on Blackadder but I don’t think that was historically accurate 🤣)

I am not sure why or how people think that Kirchhoff's law is in conflict with Faraday and his theories. Care to elaborate?

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics In fact, some people, whose names I do not want to mention, have made videos that contradict Kirchhoff's theory and, in their view, are inaccurate and do not live up to Faraday's accuracy. So yes, I would like an explanation from you.

Kirchhoff’s laws hold only in lumped element circuit. Once the wavelength of the signal is comparable to the physical dimensions of electronic components, the lumped element assumption fails.

She's working on 6 more right now.

Yes! There were many articles in science papers at the time totally freaking out. In fact, I found the articles freaking out well before I tracked down Faraday's actual letter. My friend, John Jenkins of the Spark Museum actually found it for me (and is still looking for a picture of the original!).

Thanks

Thank you Wilbur.