Making Black Holes is HARDER than you think!

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Black holes aren't just a product of general relativity, but also require quantum mechanics. In this video, we'll take a look at how the Pauli exclusion principle and Heisenberg uncertainty principle apply to black holes. Making a black hole is actually quite difficult.
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
What are Black Holes?
• What Exactly Are Black...
What is Mass?
• What the HECK is Mass?
What are Neutron Stars?
• What Are Neutron Stars?
Quantum Myths:
• Wave-Particle Duality ...
What is Energy?
• What the HECK is Energy?
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RELATED RU-vid VIDEOS
PBS Space Time's on Black Holes:
• How to Build a Black Hole
Kurz Gesagt's on Black Holes:
• How to Build a Black Hole
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SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
/ scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceas...
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS
Daniel Bahr, Ilya Yashin, Morgan Williams, Rick Finn, Drake Dragon (TMDrake), Anamnesia,
Kevin MacLean, Timothy Blahout, Stephen Blinn, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, David Bronakowski, Robert J Zapolis, Evgeny Ivanov
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OTHER SOURCES
math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics...
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LINKS TO COMMENTS
Pronounce Schwarzschild:
• Basic FAQs about Black...
Kugelblitz:
• What Exactly Are Black...
• Is there an Absolute H...
KE Black Hole:
• What the HECK is Mass?
Outro Comments:
• What the HECK is Energy?
• What the HECK is Mass?
• What the HECK is Energy?
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IMAGE CREDITS
That's not how this works:
• Video

Опубликовано:

7 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 1,3 тыс.

@andrewbosak8941 5 лет назад

Most underrated science channel on RU-vid. That bit about neutron stars expanding in momentum space is fascinating!

@muffinman8744 5 лет назад

Yeah I agree I never heard it like that.

@phenomenalphysics3548 5 лет назад

True that

@spiderjuice9874 5 лет назад

I am a little crazy, which is OK, because that's in position-space; in momentum-space, I'm a fully free-floating lunatic - but only after watching one of these great videos!

@ulteriormotif 4 года назад

I'm late to the party. Only an amateur in physics but that is definitely an aspect of the explanation which is often ignored (at least at the pop-sci level I have been consuming content at). Really interesting, I need to sit and think this through.

@YTEdy 4 года назад

Neutrons inside neutron stars increase in momentum, not the star itself. Minor nit-pick. (sorry).

@TheAmbientMage 5 лет назад

"Got any questions about black holes?" Me: ::Stares in momentum space::

@adammarkiewicz3375 3 года назад

If you mean: What the heck does it mean "It expands in momentum space?" - it makes two of us. Does it mean we cannot predict how it is spinning? Well can we, if we cannot reach behind the events' horizon? Tell me something that's not obvious... :-)

@alexandermcclure6185 Месяц назад

@@adammarkiewicz3375 If it expands in momentum space, that means we know less about its velocity. Let's say you have a quantum cat. You can only take a quick snapshot of its position or take a long-exposure shot of its velocity. If you want to measure one, you can't measure the other (you only have one camera). If you know where the cat is, there's no motion blur, so you can't see where it's going, and vice versa. This means if the cat is in a box, guaranteed, you can't tell how it's moving, so you could say the cat has "expanded in momentum space." Did I take this analogy too far? Maybe. Did I pick cats because I like them? Also maybe.

@kbbeats3099 5 лет назад

On a serious note, Your Enthusiasm and passion for science is refreshing. And your creativity is what makes this Channel Unique. Thanks for the hard work, Nick.

@tooljack4439 5 лет назад

I agree! Dont Change.

@maxstirner6143 2 года назад

it remembers me to Beackman world when I was a child, and I love it!

@everettcrant4966 2 года назад

You are very smart 👌

@AnonimatosTM 5 лет назад

anyone can show some equations and say "thats what the math says", but make physical concepts intuitive and fun to learn about its not easy. Congratilations and pls keep up the Good work

@brianhorne820 5 лет назад

Not to be confused with the Pauly Exclusion Principle, which states that Pauly Shore is not allowed in any more movies.

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

Indeed!

@frederickj.7136 5 лет назад

But at the rate we're going, he *could* become president (there is no White House Exclusion Principle, apparently)... ...especially if Pauly, like D.J.T., turned out to be American Evangelicals' *next* "Jesus's Candidate"... which I suggest is far less implausible, in logically *coherent* terms, anyway, than what we've already got. There are less destructive ways, hence "better" ones for the good of humanity, to be a slacker. And remember, there *is* a Kirk Cameron, from whom Pauly Shore at his worst is not exactly much of a stretch, in effect. Either one's movies can give you the feeling the brains are being sucked out of your skull. As always, science rules, crazies, and Nick is the messenger!

@youthised58 3 года назад

Excellent!

@aarongreenfield9038 23 дня назад

@Brian. Unless it's one where All Pauley shore information is pulled into the singularity out of the universe forever.

@drew8443 5 лет назад

When a video pops up from The Science Asylum, PBS Space Time or Kurzgesagt I simply can't miss it. But your channel is so underrated compared to those

@fft2020 5 лет назад

Yes it is, but I always get Nick channel in suggestions before I subscribed. And to be honest Nick's videos are a bit better for the average IQ to understand, I also love PBS but its much "harder to digest" :)

@bjbboy71697 5 лет назад

I agree. While I also love PBS SpaceTime, this channel strikes the perfect balance of being as simple as possible, but not simpler than it can be without sacrificing correctness. And if sacrificing correctness is necessary to make a point, Nick makes it absolutely clear that he is doing so.

@Johnnycox451. 5 лет назад

Rodoks42 ikr

@stardust4001 5 лет назад

PBS space time are so boring....good content but very bland long and boring..i think they are not for the average physics/space enthusiasts Nicks videos are short..entertaining ..to the point and have great content

@lightyagami3492 5 лет назад

Did you watch the latest video Kurzgesagt made on Moon bases?

@areknowak1958 5 лет назад

I don't understand how Science Asylum is still not among the most popular science channels on YT. Seriously, Nick is in minority of youtube creators that prefer to spread actual knowledge and REAL science than to just simply make views and subs by clickbaits and pseudoscientific BS. It's at the same time enjoyable (very much) and helps to understand equations - true fundament of physics. IMO the most valuable channel I ever subscribed. Nick, please, keep up the great job, you are doing! (I'm not an ass kisser, but I'm drunk enough I don't mind kissing that brilliant, scientific ass)

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

If I can get over 100k subs, the algorithm should start to favor me a little more. We'll see. I'm not going to change just because an AI wants me to.

@h4u5er 5 лет назад

Arek Nowak its adwertaising, i think

@dr.ambiguous4913 5 лет назад

Tbh, and no offence to Nick here as i do like him and his videos, i think he comes across as slightly neurotic or eccentric in them and that turns off a lot of viewers (and it did that for me initially as well). I think he has the same problem as youtubers like the Completionist or some of the newer videos of the nostalgia critic as well, where a lot of the skits he does don’t seem to land comedically. Although i don’t really blame him since it seems an acquired taste. And overall his production qualities as well as his scientific accuracy are on point as you said, especially in comparison to the pseudoscientific BS often here on youtube.

@aravindakannank.s. Год назад

@@ScienceAsylum u won

@MichaelOrtega 5 лет назад

It makes me happy when I see you are about to pass 100k.

@sagittariusa2201 3 года назад

144k

@randomperson1418 3 года назад

340k

@JohnHMercer 2 года назад

380k

@yousefahmed8896 2 года назад

414k

@williamwade2674 2 года назад

500k

@FGj-xj7rd 5 лет назад

There is one thing harder than that... replicating the greatness of Science Asylum.

@schitlipz 5 лет назад

Ass-kisser.

@FGj-xj7rd 5 лет назад

Me sad 😳

@schitlipz 5 лет назад

I'm just being a smart ass. (Look at the icon and my pseudonym). ;p

@FGj-xj7rd 5 лет назад

@@schitlipz Lol😂

@realitycheck3363 5 лет назад

@@FGj-xj7rd You think that's hard? Try understanding women. That has been proven to be impossible.

@AlleyKatt 5 лет назад

That's some crazy-crazy mixed-in with your fast-fast. And you compressed three suns right on top of my house in that map. Awesome lesson once again!

@mohammedkhan4990 4 года назад

Hands down, one of the best science channels on youtube. Nick has a talent most of us lack and that is explaining hard concepts in plain terms. I really hope he hits 1 million soon.

@LunarDelta 5 лет назад

That animated position vs. momentum space grid is amazing.

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

Thanks!

@GurpreetSingh-th1di 5 лет назад

You will hit 1 million soon your content is awesome

@joeycook6526 5 лет назад

He's gone under-appreciated for a long time. This is one of my top 5 RU-vid productions. I totally understand that he doesn't have the time to make more content, but I wish so very much that he did.

@markkestner6514 5 лет назад

Dude I’m sorry to burst your bubble, but he’s about to reach 100K not 1M. Still great though and this channel is one of the few that simplifies topics enough for ANYONE to understand so it definitely deserves the million.

@sanyo_neezy 5 лет назад

I love how much effort you put into really explaining these principles - because it works! Thank you and keep expanding our horizons

@chuckbucketts 5 лет назад

This is definitely the best science channel ever! You have a talent for making difficult concepts clear. Thanks, Nick!

@macronencer 5 лет назад

You should have a million subscribers! Almost every time I watch one of your videos, I learn something new. This time it was about how the neutrons in neutron stars compress by expanding in momentum space, which is extremely cool. You often seem to go one step beyond other channels. Well done :)

@akpak4449 5 лет назад

Fast!Fast! is back :D It's nice to see how many of your videos came together in this one. Like you planned it or something... :)

@marijnaqvi3300 5 лет назад

Thank you Nick, you are an inspiration for people majoring in Physics.

@maguschild 5 лет назад

I was binge watching your channel a bit less night and had it on 1.5 speed. Then I watched this episode tonight on regular speed and at first was like "Wow, he seems really calm and mellow today."

@brianbushue2997 2 года назад

dude! what a great video. i love your channel so much. your's and anton's channels, are my favorites

@quahntasy 5 лет назад

Absolutely brilliant Nick. Loved the video. It was worth the wait.

@SquirrelASMR 5 лет назад

You are such a nice thoughtful man, how you're answering nearly everybody's questions. ✌😁

@jlpsinde 5 лет назад

Nick, I'll still see you with millions of views, I don't get tired of your videos. Amazing in fact!

@jeffstewart1189 5 лет назад

Very clean and concise explanation of momentum expansion and position contraction.

@feynstein1004 5 лет назад

PBS Space Time and The Science Asylum on the same day. This will create a knowledge singularity.

@willpat3040 5 лет назад

This channel is awesome!!!

@jhanvirai2922 4 года назад

Best science channel on RU-vid.... Thanks you literally ruled out many of my misconceptions...

@stz03 5 лет назад

This channel and its explanations/visualizations are a great stepping stone toward understanding the PBS Spacetime’s video topics!

@gary_dslr2615 5 лет назад

Ok. Brain proppa-blown this time....Nick, all I can say is tremendous effort. I can only imagine the time, research, editing to get to this level. Greatness awaits...

@fft2020 5 лет назад

Nick you are one of the best youtubers around ! Your videos are so funny, educational and also entertaining ! God Bless you for making the world a better place with your talent

@joshanonline 5 лет назад

Awesome video as usual. I keep them in a playlist to re-watch...it's like music to my ears. I guess I'm not the only one wondering why this channel is still so underrated and why it took me so long to find it...

@bushtrash2286 5 лет назад

Subbed, love this channel, as someone who has problems with memory and math due to a brain tumour , you broke it down so I can understand, thank you so much, probably the greatest channel on YT.

@jaakkopontinen 5 лет назад

This is awesome content, again :)

@jordanfry2899 5 лет назад

Your videos are so quality. The animations are sooooo good.

@SquirrelASMR 5 лет назад

And his face and voice is cool and not annoying

@phoenixdowner 10 месяцев назад

This channel is easy to binge watch. I'm hooked.

@aleiaaboutaleb8767 5 лет назад

I love your explanation and humour. You simplify complicated science and make it accessible to everyone. Than you

@KeithCooper-Albuquerque 5 лет назад

Thanks so much for your channel! You make these topics approachable! I'm proud to be a crazy!

@PATRICIIIP 5 лет назад

I just love the "fast fast!!" thing xd

@samuelowens000 5 лет назад

That graph in an absolutely fantastic way to show the uncertainty principle!

@shelley-anneharrisberg7409 3 года назад

Great explanation and visualisation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - made it that much clearer to me!

@froop2393 5 лет назад

i like the whoop when the black hole is formed

@jamestheotherone742 5 лет назад

They do that in real life. Except the "whoop" is a burst of gamma rays. Gamma rays don't render very well on most monitors...

@SS-lp8fu 5 лет назад

I think you should take active steps to advertise your channel. It is grossly underrated.

@mimArmand 2 года назад

TIL! "Matter never converts to energy", wow, that's literally what I was told over and over again, in the university and also internets and youtube! Thanks so much for making these great videos! you are one of the few science channels that actually makes sense!

@suhasprabhu3898 3 года назад

Really Nick, you have a penchant for making us look at Quantum physics in a really different way, one that's not just simple but wierd!!

@varunnrao3276 5 лет назад

Bell's inequality and EPR paradox please 🙏🙏

@ewthmatth 5 лет назад

"Inequality"

@willemvandebeek 5 лет назад

Thank you for saying 'shield' instead of 'child' when pronouncing 'Schwarzschild'.

@froop2393 5 лет назад

Sorry to say that, but both 'child' and 'shield' are the wrong pronunciation. Here is a link with the correct pronounciation of 'Der Schwarzschild-Radius': dict.leo.org/pages/addinfo/addInfo.php?aiid=DW0rRdEwbUG&lang=en&lp=ende

@AliothAncalagon 4 года назад

Try "Shw-arts-shilled-radius" xD

@SeanCMonahan 3 года назад

Actually, it's pronounced "Schwarzschild."

@PrometheusZandski 2 года назад

This is now officially my all time favorite science channel. It brings the crazy, funny and super smart all together. It's an absolute shame you only have 500K subs. That number should be 5M subs. Keep up the insanity, and we will try to spread the word.

@petslittleworld 5 лет назад

That's seriously crazy science stuff you explained Mr. Lucid. I will have to watch this video a few more times to even come up with a question about black holes. Keep driving us crazy with all that science.

@victherocker 5 лет назад

"It's amazing these things even form in the first place." You know what is even more amazing? It's how humans are able to figure out HOW they form in the first place.

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

It's pretty cool, huh?

@LordOstrik 5 лет назад

Well damn... As much as I knew about Black Holes, I somehow never put 2 + 2 together and realized that the Black Hole is actually just compressed Neutron stars... How have I never concluded this. I am mad about it.

@flopsnail4750 5 лет назад

thank you so much! a was always fascinated about neutron stars once I learned about them. This taught me a lot, i am so glad this channel exists.

@UK-sp7nr 5 лет назад

You are absolutely brilliant mate! Unbelievable how you can translate all those formulae, complicated theories into everyday language for us to understand...you’re like a rosetta stone!

@sunitaharariya4588 5 лет назад

Hey Nick. Plzz explain bending of light known as refrection of light and why does it occur. Plzzz

@xtieburn 5 лет назад

www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_31.html From the late great Richard Feynman. This goes in to some details on the topic. Its a bit harder to go through than your typical science asylum video, so perhaps he can simplify it further. Though it turns out that this kind of thing can get as complicated as it is interesting. (This also ties in to the nature of transparency itself, which even a lot of people who study physics get confused about.)

@PulseCodeMusic 5 лет назад

I have been down that curiosity rabbit hole before a couple of times... A surprisingly challenging question to answer. What I took away was that the lights "phase speed" (the speed at which crests/troughs progress through a medium) slows down because it induces new EM waves by oscillating the charged particles in the material. Because this reaction is not perfectly instantaneous the induced wave is retarded in phase. When these two waves are then added together the resulting wave is also slight retarded in its phase producing the slowing down of light that is observed. Anyone know there shit? Am I on the money?

@AliothAncalagon 4 года назад

@@PulseCodeMusic You are on the money. I would only add for clearification that no individual photon is actually slowing down, because otherwise there might be some misleading conclusions following. For me the key to understanding this was to nail down the difference between the "phase speed" and the speed of the individual photons.

@pierfrancescopeperoni 3 года назад

5:43 I had never seen that representation for neutron stars before. Does this mean that, assuming general relativity and a non-rotating black hole, if the star is spatially condensed in one point then the star in the momentum-space has infinite size?

@magichands135 2 года назад

It should be right? Also if it's made of neutrons or quantum waves, it should just be a probability not a reality. That'll keep a person awake.

@Mernom 2 года назад

Neither quantum theory or relativity (both types) are qualified to make any predictions about the conditions of a black hole, since they're currently not compatible, and explaining a black hole would require both to work together.

@sumukhanagesha8682 5 лет назад

As always, your videos are a pleasure to watch Nick!

@nikhilaugustine1585 4 года назад

You are a great teacher and a true physicist. I really look forward to your recognition as the best educator in physics. I will definitely promote this channel among my friends. 😍😍😍

@BrentClagg1 5 лет назад

By momentum-space, is this referring to the velocity/temperature of the neutrons? Such that the more movement (momentum) the neutrons have, the less physical space (position) they need to occupy because of the uncertainty principle?

@bumpty9830 5 лет назад

"By momentum-space, is this referring to the velocity/temperature of the neutrons?" Yes. Velocity rather than temperature, because direction of motion is relevant--momentum space is a three-space, just like position space.

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

If they have more uncertainty in momentum, then gravity can pull them in closure (lowering their uncertainty in position).

@adamwhite1934 5 лет назад

The Science Asylum Thanks for that quick explanation, my brain was starting to hurt trying to visualise momentum space. If I’ve got it right; their momentum means they have more quantum fuzziness, so you can pack more in because they’re acting like probability waves? I love learning about this stuff, but with quantum mechanics it seems you can know what particles do, but never fully understand or visualise why.

@milky_wayan 5 лет назад

If by wider momentum space he just meant a wider range of velocities for each particle, why didn't he just say that then? I feel like that can't be right.

@volbla 5 лет назад

Can we visualize this in the "lowest state" illustration at 3:47 ? Does a high position uncertainty mean that one neutron sort of occupies more than one state and shoves other neutrons aside? If we allow for arbitrarily high uncertainty in momentum, can we find a theoretical absolute minimum size for a proper neutron star of a given mass?

@Bassotronics 5 лет назад

I need some “Vanta Black” Holes.

@djj949 2 года назад

Super good. Helped made sense of a few things that didnt' for me about neutron stars for awhile now

@likaspokas5481 5 лет назад

Thanks for visualising the position-momentum space .

@HoriaIoan 5 лет назад

Poor singularity, it must be alone "down" there...

@jamestheotherone742 5 лет назад

No there is A LOT of stuff down there keeping it company with more added all the t i m e .

@nachannachle2706 5 лет назад

+Horia Loan You should come "Down Under". The whole place is a flipping singularity...

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

The singularity is _everything_ down there.

@suvankarmajumder1993 5 лет назад

what is momentum-space ...?!!!!!

@bumpty9830 5 лет назад

It's the "Fourier Transform" (a searchable term) of position space. Depending on your math background, that may or may not be helpful, but at least it gives you another thread to pull.

@suvankarmajumder1993 5 лет назад

@@bumpty9830 can we see the space ? Means how can we see the momentum space in real life. Where the neutron is now.? Is this some kind of 4D world. A extra dimension where some amount of neutron is.?

@bumpty9830 5 лет назад

Momentum space is a different representation of position space, not a _separate space_. You can see it mathematically, but not with your eyes. No extra dimensions or anything like that. This will become more clear the better you come to understand Fourier Transforms.

@suvankarmajumder1993 5 лет назад

@@bumpty9830 ok thank you sir.

@parzh 5 лет назад

Position-space (regular space we all are familiar with) is just a "thing", that has three different properties, and therefore anything that exists in space, has three numbers, assigned to those properties. Luckily it just so happens that we can perceive that thing with our eyes. So called momentum-space is just another thing with another (three?) properties, but this time we cannot see it. Nevertheless, anything, that exists in the momentum-space, has another (three?) numbers, assigned to those properties.

@numankaraaslan 5 лет назад

Nice video as always. this is the most complicated video of this channel. if its gonna get harder by day, i am gonna have to start studying science seriously :)

@exitmult 5 лет назад

Great video as always. Mind blown with position space vs momentum space for the neutron star.

@hussain5786 5 лет назад

first 5 minute viewers like here crazies

@petercarlson811 5 лет назад

Thank you, thank you, thank you for the clarification that matter isn't converted to energy. Whenever the topic of antimatter comes up this ugly misconception shows up and I cringe so hard. And when I try to explain that it isn't correct and they use quotations from the movie "Angels and Demons" as source for their agument, my cringe reaches relativistic levels.

@ScienceAsylum 5 лет назад

I cringe every time someone asks me about it. It's a misconception that just won't die.

@diegopescia9602 5 лет назад

Sorry. What is the misconception you are talking about?

@bytefu 5 лет назад

The misconception is that matter converts to energy in annihilation when matter meets antimatter. It doesn't. It converts to electromagnetic radiation, which *has* energy, not *is* energy. The correct thing to say would be that energy is a property that both matter and radiation have. So nothing converts to energy, energy is just transferred from one quantum field (matter) to another (electromagnetic), to put it simply.

@petercarlson811 5 лет назад

The misconception that matter can be converted to energy.

@petercarlson811 5 лет назад

Don't forget that matter and antimatter annihilation can result in matter and antimatter. Electromagnetic radiation isn't the only outcome. Gluons can be the result too. The following is always true for matter antimatter annihilation: Particle 1 + Antiparticle 1 --> Particle 2 + Antiparticle 2.

@pritishjain674 5 лет назад

i hope you keep explaining concepts like this.

@tabassumorina5424 4 года назад

This is the most fascinating explanation of black hole I've ever seen !!!

@joeycook6526 5 лет назад

hahahaha! Pop culture clone slayed me!

@canyadigit6274 5 лет назад

This video is filled with lies My room is a black hole, and it’s not hard to turn it into one.

@zhyakoxalid6892 3 года назад

Greatest channel about science about science ever, thank you so much

@joonpark6237 5 лет назад

This is topic i have to watch over and over again. And i like the deep analysis topic such as this, thank you

@ykutuzov 5 лет назад

Thank you. It blew my mind.

@EricHorchuck 2 года назад

Just amazing! The information that EVERYONE else leaves out completely boggles my mind! You're telling me that when a star collapses into a black hole that, for no matter how short of a time, it's a neutron star first... ...or did I miss understand? Love your videos! Take care, -Eric 🏁