I stick a bunch of magnets to the flywheel of a diesel engine to show off some cool science. Help me make videos by donating here: / codyslab Follow me on Facebook: / codydonreeder SubReddit: / codyslab Twitter: / codyslab
It's really really easy to recycle metal. You probably have enough junk in your garage to do it too, if you know what to take apart. I should know, I worked in a bike shop.
@@LordNeiman Tin's easy, there's a hundred things I could get that out of, from an old toaster to some old children's toys to a box of cheap washers. Bizmuth's harder, but a bullet or a non-lead sinker for fishing sound like the easiest things to melt down for it, although the process for purifying it looks complicated. Indium, I freely admit I do not know, but given my experience with other metals I can't imagine it's much more difficult.
@@dashiellgillingham4579 Indium could be found in touchscreens and flatscreen tv's as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), refining it on the other hand would be quite difficult
@@iamthenoiseopera _wee woo wee woo_ *Grammar Police has arrived* It's "either"!!!111!11 _woo wee woo wee_ *Grammar Police has left* I'm sorry, I hope you have a nice day On a side note: that could easily qualify for "the most satisfying things ever compilation", it's almost mind-boggling!
Well "luck" is a _percieved_ random occurance of a chain or combination of _non-random, highly specific_ events, so I feel this is extremely apt here 😉
Where did the one-way LEDs come from? How are they producing light when the currents going One Direction and not the other? Fairly certain that's not an induction question I asked. So be very grateful if you don't fulfill my paranoid prophesied that the only response I'm going to get is a repeat of what he already said.
I think Cody’s fetish is bare minimum safety. My favorite moments are him dipping his hand in Mercury and him shooting a blowtorch at his hand while holding only a piece of stale bread to show it was a good insulator.
I love that Cody is such a cowboy that he immediately devised a plan to make a meltable bullet instead of just giving up. He's a scientist with the drive of a rockstar.
Only in Cody'sLab will you get the crisp scientific measurements of "I spit on it but it only boiled, not sizzled away, so it must be barely hotter than 100 Degrees celsius"
1:30 "Okay-I don't think the magnets are gonna come off. Uh, this only rotates at about 600 RPM-10 revolutions per second. It's a 27 inch flywheel. I'm sure somebody can figure out what the G-forces are there, but they're not particularly large." 138 standard gravities, Cody. :V
@@thanoscar9195 it looks like it is a 27 inch diameter (same size as my monitor in front of me) flywheel. what Ian Mallett used for his calculation i don't know (too lazy to calculate).
Mechanical engineer here. The acceleration on that flywheel rim is 1354 m/s^2, that is 138g. Just imagine sitting on that rim. If the reactive centripetal force weren't causing you to go in a circle, it would cause you to accelerate to 60mph in 0.02 seconds. Your magnets are safe though, assuming they are about 8mm cubes of grade N45 neodymium, they pull about 7.3 lbs each but only use 15% of that force to hold themselves on the rim at 600rpm. Centrifugal acceleration = w^2 * r. with w = angular velocity in radians = 600rpm * 2 * pi / 60 r = radius in metric = 0.5 * 27in * 0.0254m/in
@@matthiashunstock4713 It's more than I expected too. For an intuitive comparison, maybe you know those videos where some young bloke sits in a children's carousel on a playground and somebody else holds the wheel of a scooter on the outside perimeter and hits the gas. It doesn't take more than 3 turns per second (180rpm) for them to go flying off :)
I can really really appreciate how, instead of just faking it with the fields metal, he explains why it wasn't able to melt the lead, quietly acknowledges that we all want to see these magnets melt a bullet, and then explains how he can still make that happen, and gives us MORE SCIENCE in the process.
Similar to the methodology the Mythbusters used. Propose the myth, work out a scenario to test the myth. If the myth fails to hold true, duplicate the result.
I am impressed with no tape around the magnets. That's a lot of trust to not fling those suckers across the room. Love your work man, You're a great maker. Thanks for stickin around all these years.
@@Buddha23Fett boy you just said the wrong thing at the wrong place. You're going to want to delete that before you face a wrath from all of the DIY loving nerds.
We have several model T and model A Fords on my family's land in old barns here in southern Virginia on the NC boarder. they aint that rare, especially out west where things don't rust much. Theres also a very old Ford tractor and one steam powered car, not sure what kind. But obviously they are in very poor to completely destroyed condition. The barn that the steam car was in collapsed on top of it and has been that way since i can remember and im 27. Its a shame, im sure there are people out there who would LOVE to buy them. Yet my folks wont sale anything. Nothing. Doesn't matter what you offer. They just let all their stuff rot.. They also aint gunna leave me anything in their will either.. Lol.
One of the best things about your videos is you always show the errors you encounter along the way - this makes them much more valuable than many others out there. Thank you Cody!
Watching this video offers a perfectly understandable model of voltage, amperage, wattage, resistance, and frequency. I dont think I ever began understanding the relationship between voltage and frequency till I saw this. Kudos!
Cool! A magnetic inductor that runs off diesel fuel. It can melt copper, Lead and solder. It can even charge batteries or light LEDs. Now that is some cool science Cody!👍🇺🇸
Shortly afterwards something usually goes *ping!* and hits a wall. Early science must have been interesting, trying to work out whether that noise, smell, sudden increase in temperature or intense vibration was normal or a warning sign of unintentional rapid and forceful self dismantling of the experiment.
I find myself watching this again 9 months later. while watching you crank the engine over to get it started, it occurred to me what a genius invention the flywheel is... more impressive than the simple wheel itself because there's deeper theory behind a flywheel than there is a basic wheel. we understand the function of a flywheel, we understand how it works... but to be that guy who figured it out in the first place, it's impressive.
that moment someone was messing with a wheel, tried to stop it spinning and realized how difficult it was to do so, do you think he went "oh, wow, that's a battery" or did he just figure he shouldnt do that again because the effort hurt his hand?
@@thepewplace1370 Most people would have the second reaction. That 1% of people who are true inventors and innovators would go "Oh that's interesting. Can that be used to store energy?"
If you arranged the magnets in a halbach array, you can redirect most of the field strength to one side (say away from spin axis). Then the energy captured will be much higher.
I get what you’re saying, but he didn’t quite turn a generator into a generator. He added another generating output on his motor. Like putting a second alternator on a car motor. Now if you ran an electric motor off this motors generator output, and ran another generating component on the output of that motor, you would be turning a generator into a generator. I really don’t care. Just for fun of pondering’s sake. It’s like 4am and I have nothing better to do
@@holycrapski Oh, that's awesome, meaning the engine is taking carbon dioxide from air and converting it into gasoline. LOL generating gasoline from thin air.
You could probably do something “infinite” by using a crank driven flywheel that gets going using a handcrank and is maybe kept going by a small water screw style turbine, so it would generate more than the water wheel itself normally would, just me brainstorming though idk if it would work or not
@@zyanidwarfare5634 what you're hinting at would be akin to a pony motor, which would start a bigger one in case of low power from the river, as the big wheel would need more power to start than to run. something you might want to look at is hydraulic rams, which can pump higher than regular pumps, but not constantly. besides overcoming friction/starting a bigger wheel or getting water to a better place (like crossing a high spot) I don't think there are gains to using a secondary wheel that can't be made by just having it produce energy directly.
@@davemwangi05 incidentally, you can convert the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into gasoline. What you need is a CO2 capture plant and a hydrolysis plant to provide the raw materials for synthetic fuel, and lots of energy to power it all. Look up Carbon Engineering.
Reminds me of the old 208 Fairbanks-Morse engines, they're used mainly for the pumping unit of an oil well but are designed to run on propane or natural gas. Since it requires a spark it uses magnets on the side of the flywheel to generate the spark, and the specific placement effects the engines timing.
This is so amazing you are using a physical or mechanical switching of magnetic fields to generate this kind of temperature! I would have imagined this WOULD NOT be possible without transistor switching! LOVE IT!
Cody, you’ve really outdone yourself. This is one of the best science demonstration videos I’ve seen on RU-vid (and I’ve seen a lot). Using the LEDs to demonstrate how the current alternates is brilliant. My kids have been asking me how electricity is produced, and this video makes it super clear, so we’re going to watch it together ASAP. Thanks, and keep it up!!
Yup this subject when taught in school was just boring and confusing but watching this video is so fun and the practical demomstrations are easily understood
You need to take in consideration that the penny of dated before 1982 was 95% copper and 5 % zinc and any penny after is only copper plated zinc. ... therefore you have a different melt temp. ... love the science behind magnetic... great video my friend!
Thanx for this video, you've actually taught (or prehaps more correctly reaffirmed & reignited my knowledge) me a great deal in a couple of subjects I already knew a decent amount in, having a strong interest in. This doesn't happen with such illuminating suprise that often, when considering the amount of RU-vid my mind consumes, I'll put it on to your down to earth approach, clearly intuitive way of communicating, relaxed & mellowed by such a country background which resonates within me through minimal earlier life memories on the other side of the world in New Zealand. So a big thanx to you Cody, great work. Much appreciated that here watch. One new sub.
I was impressed with the fact that it happened to be a perfect fit AND also an even number of magnets. That ment he could fit them north-south-north-south all the way round.
Can we talk about his statement at the start? A modern reproduction for that engine, that looks authentic down to the paint having that thick quality to it (IE, not spray paint).
@@aserta Yeah, that is rather odd. I wonder if they have been under continuous production like the Enfield Bullet or if, like you suggest, they're reproductions
Cool! Don't forget that B fields loose intensity at rate of radius cubed. The bullet was farther away from the magnets and it is curved rather than flat like the penny. I think those factors likely had more to do with the lead not melting than the thickness of the bullet's copper shell.
This is exactly how magnetos in small engines work. Theres a lot more windings around the iron core so that it creates thousands of volts rather than just a few
@@GrugGangGrugGang Indeed, I thought it was a bit hard to miss. Also if a Tesla model T takes more physical effort to start than the generator he was starting... something is very wrong.
Cody is correct. The model T doesn't have compression release, the Listeroid does. Watch him start it the first time, he gets the engine up to speed, and then he releases the compression release. I've never run an Indian Listeroid, but I have run a few real Lister engines. steve
Electrical engineer here. The Skin Effect also influences the distribution of current in a block of copper. At higher frequencies, more of the current is distributed closer to the surface. At sufficiently high frequencies, a block of copper can actually become a wall which the currents on either side will have trouble crossing. The back EMF is proportionally induced in the center of the conductor, pushing the electrons toward the edge of the conductor. When designing circuit boards, this can lead to interesting situations where you need to place a stitching via when crossing a reference plane like ground. This allows the highest frequency currents to shift from one side of the copper pour to the other side. Without a stitching via, the currents become stray, searching desperately for some way to get to the other side of the wall. And when they do, these stray currents usually create large inductive loops that make the circuit radiate significant energy. What's interesting here is that your setup creates 163 cycles per revolution, with 10 rev/sec that's 1.63 kHz, which is a pretty respectable frequency. There are convenient calculators for the skin effect online, because this is a challenge electrical engineers deal with regularly. At 60 Hz, the skin effect is 8.5mm in copper, which is why for AC distribution you rarely see anything much thicker than that. For 1.63 kHz, the skin effect is roughly 1.5mm. If you're too much thinner than this (the bullet's casing was about 1/4th of this), the losses are too low to do much heating. The skin depth for lead, by the way, is about 5.6mm. A 45 caliber bullet ought to have 11.5mm diameter, right? That's about 2x the skin depth, so *if* you were going to induce significant losses in lead, that's probably a decent thickness to use. Stronger magnets would help. Faster magnets might actually backfire, because the skin depth tends to go down by the square root of the frequency; if your skin effect losses are already too low, moving the magnets faster might produce even less heat. Furthermore, geometry of the objects plays a large part. That's because the contours of these objects tends to be significant and on the order of the skin depth. You could see an example of the skin depth in action by looking at the portions of the alloy that started to melt first, and which melted the most.
This is truly the most underrated comment in this section. I'm working with induction heating, not an electrical engineer btw, but just can't get my head around the skin effect, eddy currents, and the sort at the moment. Thanks for the lucid explanation.
I also suspect a large part of the reason the penny heated up so much more is because it was positioned significantly closer (it didn't have the "holding wires" in the way, adding separation) and it had substantial surface area running parallel to the magnets (it was flat, not a rounded bullet shape). Both of these factors would induce far stronger currents in the penny than in the shell of the bullet, too...
Always a pleasure to watch your videos, fun and educational stuff that is possible to recreate without tons of fancy equipment. Love your chillaxed approach to science and engineering.
I work in an optical lab and the alloy we use to mount lenses for machining has such a low melting point that hot tap water can melt it. It's really fun to mess around with as long as you wash your hands after.
I'm sorry, you have a model-T??? ...can we see it? :D Edit: since I gotta be more specific for the comments; not to drive! Just would like a good view is all :)
Thank you! For years I have been wondering what would happen if you lined a flywheel with powerful magnets interacting with copper coil. Keep up the great work. I'm going to watch more of your videos.
I'm guessing this is how induction heaters work, except they alternate in the realm of tens or hundreds of thousands of times per second and not the roughly one and a half thousand this is at.
Actually it's not too related to how railguns work, beyond that they're both electromagnetic devices. Certain maglev train concepts are very similar though, and of course induction stoves are pretty much exactly this but with an AC-driven electromagnet instead of moving permanent magnets.
@@ProtoMan137 That's useful only if you can disassemble to get your calipers in there. It is easier to just use the calipers on the slug than disassembling everything to measure directly.
Proto Man those would only work for the bore at the muzzle and to give you some information about the case head. It would give you no information about the cartridge dimensions so you would know anything about the body or shoulders of the case.
I love what you do here, I went through a bunch of comments and didn't see this mentioned, but I'm sure down there somewhere someone got to it before me: if you want to make that much more powerful, stack your magnets in a halbach array(may need more adhesion ) and instead of using the magnets directly, use a transformer loop->induction heater ... or just use wire made into 2 coils just like a transformer, but one side is an induction heater instead. you can get even more power out of it if you make the source loop large and round and conform only one section to a larger portion of your wheel, leaving space to the other section of your source loop, assuming you're also using the halbach array. maybe for funsies just grab any old transformer and get the magnets really close to the core between the coils and see if any power comes out.
It's the alternating magnetic fields what makes the noise. If you've got a small motor and a small VFD. If you hold the output of the shaft and turn the frequency up. You'll hear the fields moving around even though the shaft is stationery. I wouldn't try it out through. Because if you don't know what your doing, you'll cut your hand to shreds and break your wrist.
Cody is like one of those old, weird (but really cool) people that fascinate you with knowledge...but he's young. It's weird. lol He reminds me of my dad.
Now just imagine when he's actually old, the man will have like triple the knowledge of those old weird but super knowledgable old people of yore! He'll be like a walking sage of fascinating knowledge. I definitely know who I want on my side when the apocalypse hits hard.
I love the way you do experiments in your lab . You show that you do it in an honest fashion . In schools , all the problems are worked out for you . The way you show that it is necessary to think on your feet . This is closer to the reality of how experiments are done by scientists .
Hey Cody, many years ago I used to run a diesel cement mixer for my dad, and he always told me NEVER to wrap my thumb around the starting handle, because if it backfires, it can break your thumb. Just cupping you’re fingers and thumb around the one side of the handle means a backfire will throw the handle out of your hand without breaking your thumb.
i think codys handle has a mechanism like a ratchet wrench so it only turns one way otherwise he wouldnt be able to take the handle off and the thing would be horribly unbalanced.
A friend of mine was trying to crank an old tractor & it kicked back & broke his forearm then he told me that was the 3rd time that happened. At least it wasn't his thumb tho 😂😂😂
the way you're putting that bolt there essentially making it an inductor, the more alternating electromagnets rate (hence tightly packed North-South magnets) will induct more flux and so the energy increases
62C isn't that low, its definitely enough to give you burns if not removed quickly. It's interesting he conveyed it as on par of parrafin wax which is bout 40C.
@@charlesgrove6905 There's another alloy of gallium and indium that's got a melting point of less than 0 celcius. I don't remember if the alloy is called indiumgallium or indiangirl or...
Great video. It brings back memories of my Dad rebuilding original gasoline versions of Fairbanks-Morse Horizontal and Verticle engines like this from the very early 1900s. He had a relatively rare horizontal engine. ~3-3.5 HP? As not a "hit or miss" governor as most seem to be at shows. It used spinning weights to control the throttle opening on the simple carburetor. Timed points in the combustion chamber were used for the ignition spark. Via a horseshoe magnet magneto that triggered the timed spark. Dad taught me a lot about IC engines using these originals stationary models, before I went to college and studied Engineering Physics. It's amazing that Ford Flathead V-8s we're turning ~3800 RPM at 85 HP in the early 1930s. FYI. I was the usual starter for his big engines. 😎🇺🇸 Cody, can you explain why the flywheels have a "self-balancing" tendency? And how it works, mechanically? Or where I could research that information? Thanks, 3500
In my childhood, if you wanted copper wire, you had to tear apart either a transformer or a motor. See, all a transformer is good for is transforming, but with copper wire you could do pretty much anything.
@@sofuckingannoyingsame. I had everything in the house torn to pieces by age 8. I loved the motors and transformers. I was 25 when I sold that accumulated wire
Transformers and motors got ripped apart for curiosity, then later for money. Not unheard of for good sized transformers to have 200 lbs of copper. At the highest prices I ever got that was $662 cleaned at the scrap yard.
I took apart my older sister's Lionel train steam engine when I was about 4. It never ran again. But I had to know what was inside! I had to wait till I was old enough to read to learn where the smoke came from....
If you try this again, a much stronger radial field component can be produced by orienting the magnets (Up)-(Left)-(Down)-(Right)-(Up)-(Left) etc instead of (Up)-(Down)-(Up)-(Down). That's what you will find in a linear motor (linear Halbach magnet). But you will probably need some glue.
Electrical engineer 2 here: All it would really take is to make simple U shape iron core that would cross two adjacent poles of magnets, so it would create complete path for magnetic flux. This compared to simple bolt shown in video will increase flux linkage tremendously. Then you would need weird bullet with ring shape that you would put over this core. It would melt pretty much instantly, probably even with the iron core since the frequency here is extremely high with so much poles.
Something taught to me in the early days of my career was 'when hand cranking a small diesel engine, alway keep the thumb on the same side of the fingers. This is so that if the engine kicks back, the crank will pull out of your grip. If you have your thumb on the opposite side of the handle - as shown in this video - if the engine kicks back, it could break the thumb. It happens.
I don't know how I lost your channel but I'm glad I found it again. Awesome my grandfather had one of those clanking motors. I'm sad to recall the family members who sold it for pennies as to have one of our own have it. Great experience.
"We use it at the ranch to charge batteries and stuff, like, when there's no solar wind." - Cody casually mentioning his solar wind power plant on the roof.
Yep it's kind of fun watching the Fred Flintstone type of science. It's like he thought this up on the spur of the moment and never thought it through to get all the parts he needed to make it as smooth operation. Good work nice science project