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Step1: Concentration, the finely ground ore is placed in a large tank containing water. Then, a frother such as eucalyptus oil or pine oil is added to the tank. The oil reduces the surface tension of water and prevents the froth bubbles from breaking easily. Further, it also enables the heavy mineral particles to settle at the bottom of the tank. Further, a little lime or sodium carbonate is added into the tank to improve the efficiency of the operation and to make the mixture slightly alkaline. The tank is fitted with a motor driven agitator that prevents the ground ore from setting. When a strong air current is passed into the tank, it vigorously agitates the mixture with the ground ore and a sufficient quantity of froth is formed. This light froth rises up due to surface tension and is allowed to overflow and is collected. During the concentration process, the earthly impurities and sands settle down to the bottom of the tank. Step2: Roasting: The concentrated ore is roasted in a reverberatory furnace along with a current of air. During this process, excess sulphur is removed as sulphur dioxide and arsenic, which is an impurity, is removed as volatile oxide. Further, copper pyrite changes into cuprous sulphide and ferrous sulphide, and the sulphides of iron and copper are partially oxidised to their oxides. Step3: Smelting: At this stage, the ore is mixed with a little silica and coke and is smelted in a water-jacketed blast furnace. During this process, ferrous sulphide is oxidisided to ferrous oxide. The ferrous oxide then reacts with silica to form ferrous silicate, which is removed as slag. The cuprous oxide and iron sulphide which is obtained from roasting combines to form cuprous sulphide and iron oxide. Iron oxide is also a slag and is removed along with ferrous silicate. Therefore, this matter settles to the bottom of the furnace and is tapped out at regular intervals from a tap hole present at the bottom of the furnace. Cuprous and ferrous sulphides are miscible or can be mixed together in all proportions and this mixture whether solid or liquid is known as raw metal or copper matte. Step4: Bessemerisation: During this process, the molten matte obtained during smelting is mixed with silica and is filled in a Bessemer converter. This converter is an apple shaped furnace, which has an inner coating of magnesium oxide. The convertor also has an inlet pipe at the bottom and through this pipe streams of air are blown into the molten matte. When air is blown, ferrous sulphide present in the matte gets converted to iron oxide, which reacts with sand to form ferrous silicate. Ferrous silicate is a slag and it floats on the upper surface and is removed. Some part of the cuprous sulphide in the matte oxidises to cuprous oxide, which reacts with the remaining cuprous sulphide to give copper. This molten copper contains plenty of sulphur dioxide gas, which on cooling comes out on the copper surface causing blisters on it. Therefore, this copper with blisters on its surface is called blister copper. However, this blister copper contains about 2% impurities and so this copper is purified either through the process of pooling or by electrolytic method.
CuSO4 banane walon ko salaam😂, Thank You Sir,I always had little confusion regarding extraction of copper,will revise again through my notes right now to understand more effectively.🙏
*My Dad Operates this Blast furnace. It is very Fucking job. Can't Count how many times my dad got burnt bcz of fire sparks. There's High Height varying temp range from 400°-1800°C.*
we are also indians .. please do justice for south indians also we are not that good in hindi if you feel comfort then olease give lectures in english please please dont mind please understand us ...........
I appreciate and respect your requirement.Would like to translate these if possible. But there are aso many options often available for English peaking students, while students who can learn in hindi do not get so much support. I can rerecord the audio in english, if a language changing tab is possible. Let me check technically.
