Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in the cells of most living organisms. They play a crucial role in cellular respiration, the process that converts nutrients into energy. The outer membrane encases the mitochondrion, while the inner membrane folds into structures called cristae, increasing the surface area for energy production.
Inside the mitochondria, the matrix contains enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle, a key step in extracting energy from carbohydrates. Electrons generated in this process pass through the electron transport chain on the inner membrane, leading to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's primary energy currency.
Interestingly, mitochondria have their own DNA, suggesting an evolutionary origin as independent bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells. This theory is known as the endosymbiotic theory and is widely accepted in the scientific community. Mitochondria also play roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and various cellular signaling pathways.
14 окт 2024
