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Mixed Models, Hierarchical Linear Models, and Multilevel Models: A simple explanation 

Quant Psych
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Do you want to take a class with me? Visit simplistics.net to register for a class. You can either do "live" classes, where you'll learn from me directly via zoom. Or you can register for "self-guided" courses, complete with a schedule, discussion boards, quizzes, readings, etc.
Learning Objectives
#1: What is the assumption of independence?
#2: Two reasons violating independence is problematic
#3: Mixed models vs. HLM vs. Multilevel models, etc.
#4. Understand what a mixed model is doing (geometrically)
#5. FIxed vs. Random Effects
#6. Visual representation of fixed/random slopes/intercepts
This is part of a playlist on multivariate statistics: • Multivariate Statistics
You can see my older version of the video here: • Mixed Models, Hierarch...

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23 мар 2021

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Комментарии : 100   
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 4 месяца назад
Do you want to take a class with me? Visit simplistics.net to register for a class. You can either do "live" classes, where you'll learn from me directly via zoom. Or you can register for "self-guided" courses, complete with a schedule, discussion boards, quizzes, readings, etc.
@deejayserious6981
@deejayserious6981 2 года назад
It takes a special kind of person to be so energetic for a subject like this, thanks for the explanation and unconventional format!
@alifarahani4398
@alifarahani4398 Год назад
This video single handedly made my life sooooo much easier. Such a great explanation and so to the point. Loved it!
@lawrencechan2693
@lawrencechan2693 2 года назад
I can't believe I've never found your channel until now. Great explanations!
@dezequielp2
@dezequielp2 2 года назад
FINALLY I understood this. Thanks a lot. Keep up the good work. Greetings from Brazil!
@nikitharao1853
@nikitharao1853 2 года назад
Amazing explanation! I was tired of searching for a good video on this topic, glad I found this video.
@thelateknights
@thelateknights 2 года назад
Great video. Thanks so much! It helps that you go over examples too.
@bumblebee7597
@bumblebee7597 Год назад
Best explanation ever on RU-vid! And what a fun style of teaching 😎
@chaoh2258
@chaoh2258 Год назад
This is such a fun and clear explanation!
@tilakbhusal2577
@tilakbhusal2577 Месяц назад
My thesis is based on HLM and you just saved my life.
@MichaelDiamondMusic
@MichaelDiamondMusic 3 года назад
Awesome video! Very entertaining as well
@mohammedalsahli1273
@mohammedalsahli1273 Год назад
9:43 This is what I have been trying to understand for a long time. Thank you.
@brandyhorne1997
@brandyhorne1997 2 года назад
This was awesome - and quite entertaining.
@stephenogbodo1328
@stephenogbodo1328 3 года назад
Nice fun explanation of the concept. Thanks
@siddhft3001
@siddhft3001 3 года назад
Thank you so much! This video was really helpful!
@kylekraemer5116
@kylekraemer5116 2 года назад
This is amazing. I wish my MLM class had been this clear. Thanks for the refresher.
@Tungaruanrootz
@Tungaruanrootz Год назад
brilliant way to explain these grad level topics. Thank you
@chiawenkuo
@chiawenkuo 3 года назад
Will you please introduce generalized estimating equations (GEE)? When to use GEE vs. Mixed Model? _/|\_Thank you
@matrixtoogood5601
@matrixtoogood5601 3 года назад
Amazing explanation! Probably one of the simplest explanations of mixed models on RU-vid. Please consider lowering the volume of the edited video to 85% or 90% as it does tend to get very loud at times
@ahmednaeim3734
@ahmednaeim3734 4 месяца назад
it's the first time to really enjoy and understand statistical modelling like that! thanks a lot!
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 4 месяца назад
Glad you liked it!
@javiervalverde3542
@javiervalverde3542 2 года назад
Clear and fun! Thanks a lot!
@jessperry1703
@jessperry1703 2 года назад
Hi Quant Psych! Do you have any tutorials for estimating sample size for multi-level models?
@TechnoCrinoline
@TechnoCrinoline 3 года назад
Thank you! I love this explanation style. It's hilarious and really sticks.
@adityaroshan2707
@adityaroshan2707 3 года назад
Great Explanation, Thanks
@dataman6744
@dataman6744 2 года назад
Best explanation, great job
@notcharlotte4424
@notcharlotte4424 2 года назад
LOVE YOUR VIDEOS!!!
@elrishiilustrado9592
@elrishiilustrado9592 3 года назад
Nice video and nice explanation. I would like have seen some exemples with paired data.
@wenzelkaltenbacher8721
@wenzelkaltenbacher8721 3 года назад
Great video, thank you!
@lisakaly6371
@lisakaly6371 2 года назад
your video is soooo good!
@tahamansoor6548
@tahamansoor6548 Год назад
Awesome video! Thank you!
@dcdno_one2393
@dcdno_one2393 3 года назад
Your video is super amazing. Take your production to the next level by using close microphone source like a lav mic clipped on. It will reduce the reverberation and increase intelligibility.
@emihayashidvm5379
@emihayashidvm5379 Год назад
Thank you for making these lecture videos freely available without commercials. Do you have any videos on dyad analysis?
@ostione
@ostione 2 года назад
Hi, is this what is used for Panel regressions with time series data? Thanks!
@jekamito
@jekamito Год назад
Great, great explanation
@kriegsmandot1
@kriegsmandot1 Месяц назад
Hey! Thanks so much for these videos! Where might I find this 3 hospitals data set you used?
@natasmart1191
@natasmart1191 2 года назад
OMG, Thanks so much for this video! Please consider the advice concerning your mic, think of all of your foreigner followers (like me) 🙏love your videos
@deborahfranza2925
@deborahfranza2925 Год назад
AWESOME VIDEO TYSM!!!
@TheBrandAye
@TheBrandAye 11 месяцев назад
Doing the lords work, thanks! - Ph.D. Student
@user-ke5sq7dp3f
@user-ke5sq7dp3f 6 месяцев назад
So helpfull !! thanks so much :)
@CundSS
@CundSS 2 года назад
Hi there. Thanks a lot for this Video. Do you happen to know a proper way how to visualize a MLM when having 3 predictors (all with different slopes/ intercepts) into one Output? I searched almost the whole internet for this and it seems you got something like this in your video. Thanks a lot in advance for your reply
@jessesutton7460
@jessesutton7460 Год назад
Thank you for your help.
@eboamuah6811
@eboamuah6811 Год назад
Hi, Anytime i add the level 2 variables, I get a lower ICC. What is the problem or how do I interpret that?
@edwinicq
@edwinicq 3 года назад
really good, can use more slides to emphasize points of discussion
@anne-katherine1169
@anne-katherine1169 6 месяцев назад
Asking people to leave comments with their guesses is not pedagogical, it is just asking people to leave comments so that the video might get more views in the future or something. xd It's like asking people to like and subscribe. Thank you for these explanations btw, your videos are very fun to watch.
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 4 месяца назад
Exactly!
@samuelroytburd1260
@samuelroytburd1260 2 месяца назад
Appreciate it, thanks!
@MangoldProject
@MangoldProject 2 года назад
Dear Quant Psych: At around 12:30, you describe the "group" (schools) should be treated as a random intercept effect. Can you explain why we should not treat it as a fixed effect? Why not have two categorical variables, "Sex" (with two levels) and "Group" (with three levels), for a total of six combinations, to model your data?
@celia5083
@celia5083 3 года назад
love iiiit!
@Daniel-ve8oi
@Daniel-ve8oi 4 месяца назад
I wonder if there's a difference between mixed models and the ANCOVA. I thought the ANCOVA does exactly the same: testing whether 1) there's a significant relationship between two numerical variables, and 2) whether the intercepts of these relationships differs significantly for different factors?!
@cathilynmcintosh7544
@cathilynmcintosh7544 2 месяца назад
when you say cluster, I am assuming that you mean a variable, Ie every column. so a cluster would be the doctor column and the patient number column?
@fahadfardan
@fahadfardan 3 года назад
Question: Why using dummy variables to represent each condition is not sufficient? For example, what if I use a binary variable for each doctor which captures the difference, if any, between doctors and their effect on the patient they have.
@stephenmurphy5055
@stephenmurphy5055 Год назад
Generally opting for the dummy variable approach will lead to many more parameters being added to your model (at least, when there are many groups), rather than just the group error term(s)...this is just one parameter extra for a random intercept model, for instance. It also may prevent you from modelling explanatory variables relating to the group effect, and fixed effect approaches (i.e., dummy variable approach) can't generalise beyond the groups that make up the sample.
@Zonno5
@Zonno5 2 года назад
It's a very good explanation but I can only imagine you can keep on subdividing your subgroups or random effects until a clear mixed effect comes out. Are these random effects also evaluated using R^2?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 2 года назад
Yes, with some added complications. I have a video about computing R squared for HLMs
@Sinyorimparatore
@Sinyorimparatore Год назад
Is there a text book that basically describes all of this so I can reference m?
@pavloszournatzidis
@pavloszournatzidis Год назад
Can I ask, if I follow-up a cohort longitudinally, is there any assumption about the time points participants have been assessed? For instance, can I only use assessment in time 1 and time 2 to predict an outcome variable in time 3?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych Год назад
You'd use Time as a predictor (1, 2, or 3) to predict the outcome.
@EdoardoMarcora
@EdoardoMarcora 2 года назад
Do you have a video explaining what i.i.d. means?
@Rictoo
@Rictoo Год назад
How is a random-effects model different to a fixed-effects model with interactions (between the covariate and category)?
@larifarycharis5312
@larifarycharis5312 4 месяца назад
Damn you are good! Thank you a thousand times!!!
@adityaupadhyaya6441
@adityaupadhyaya6441 Год назад
Do you have a video on Multinomial mixed effects model as I have a response with 4 levels? Thank you
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych Год назад
This is the closest I have: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Yqf91pPzkU4.html
@glaswasser
@glaswasser 3 года назад
anyway, your explanation is actually pretty good. After covering my ears I kind of understood why I should use mixed models in my analysis.
@johnn6668
@johnn6668 Год назад
Hi Quant Psych, really appreciate this video. Would it be possible to get your hospital example data?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych Год назад
quantpsych.net/data/hospital.csv
@johnn6668
@johnn6668 Год назад
@@QuantPsych Thank you very much for the data!
@MrJegerjeg
@MrJegerjeg Год назад
If you don't have that many observations in your dataset, wouldn't you come across with some issues if you divide your data into groups? I can imagine that the worst case scenario would be ending up with only two observations per group.
@anne-katherine1169
@anne-katherine1169 3 месяца назад
Hi there! I'm stuck on calculating needed sample size for mixed models I'm planning - is it me or is it a mess? I was hoping I'd find papers with like, explanations, tutorials, whatever - anything I can read, understand and try out. But instead I only find very theoretical papers? If you have any advice or references or so, they'd be suuper welcome.
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 3 месяца назад
It really sucks to calculate sample sizes for mixed models. As I recall there was a textbook written by Diggle. Maybe try googling "Diggle longitudinal power caluation." Last time I had to do it, I used the longpower package in R.
@anne-katherine1169
@anne-katherine1169 3 месяца назад
@@QuantPsych hey, thank you! I saw that most people do simulations, which takes ages (I thought my computer is ok, but for this it is not powerful enough I guess), but then I found an app/ website by Oscar Olvera Astivia. For future reference 😊
@anne-katherine1169
@anne-katherine1169 3 месяца назад
@@QuantPsych and I will look up the book anyway! Thanks again 🙌
@avnistar2703
@avnistar2703 2 года назад
Great video. I want to ask about how linear mixed models handle missing data? Can it handle missing data on the predictor/covariate level or the response level? Or both? Or only the response level?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 2 года назад
There's some nuance to the answer. If an entire wave of measurements is missing, that's no big deal for mixed models. (It's considered MAR or missing at random). If some are missing from a wave, but not others, it will not handle it without some additional missing data strategy (e.g., multiple imputation).
@yunusnaseri7155
@yunusnaseri7155 Год назад
A point that I would appreciate if anyone could help me understand; my understanding is that the data points within a cluster are independent with respect to other data points within the same cluster and that is why we can fit a regression model (that has independence assumption) within a single cluster. However, the data points within a cluster are not independent with respect to data points in other clusters and that is why we cannot fit a single regression model (that has the independence assumption) across clusters. Can someone please tell me if my understanding is correct? Thanks!
@OskarBienko
@OskarBienko Год назад
You're wrong - daa within a cluster is always dependent, e. g. a group of patients which visit the very same doctor.
@josiahparry
@josiahparry Год назад
yo this video bumps
@josiahparry
@josiahparry Год назад
also, what is your ggplot theme its so cute
@m.cd.3975
@m.cd.3975 Год назад
Are you related to the Mathantics videos guy?
@salomeleclercq1272
@salomeleclercq1272 2 года назад
Why do you ask him to stop screaming ? It wakes me up when I'm at work
@chaoh2258
@chaoh2258 Год назад
At 11:10, I guess it should be "normally you don't want to fix an intercept..." At 15:26: "it could be a fixed intercept model..."
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych Год назад
Yes, you're right :)
@mohammedalsahli1273
@mohammedalsahli1273 Год назад
👍👍👍👍
@jaychoi4174
@jaychoi4174 3 месяца назад
He throws many new concepts and said dont worry? Is that a good explanation?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 3 месяца назад
Seriously! This guy's an idiot!
@ajaydhungana1921
@ajaydhungana1921 2 года назад
Sir,...can you make a small video with dataset example on how REML works to find variance components ..for. eg. y= a+b+e a and b being random effect.
@Break_down1
@Break_down1 2 месяца назад
1:04..or maybe we measure people who share the same gender. Why can’t I see a clear reason that “gender” is not a common candidate for nesting variable (ie people usually just control for it), but classroom always is?
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 2 месяца назад
With gender we generally exhaust the categories we're interested (e.g., male, female, nonbinary). With classrooms we do not because we can't possibly sample all classrooms out there.
@akramxxx
@akramxxx 2 года назад
Hello, does anyone here knows how to analyze such model in python when you want to predict a binary variable?
@pianofortissima4410
@pianofortissima4410 2 месяца назад
Why does he shout the whole time? 😮
@stephenclark9917
@stephenclark9917 Год назад
Calm down!
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych Год назад
no
@glaswasser
@glaswasser 3 года назад
stop screaming at me bro
@dle3528
@dle3528 Год назад
Watching this video, I felt miss a boring class. In my opinion, your classes are good, however, the exaggerations in the jokes are bad. I suggest decreasing it and your classes will be better!
@Zirea.eya69
@Zirea.eya69 2 года назад
Stop screaming
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 2 года назад
My channel, my rules.
@ciancian2861
@ciancian2861 2 года назад
why are u screaming at the camera? so annoying. have some self respect and make a proper video.
@TheTofA123
@TheTofA123 2 года назад
… Turn your sound down if you don’t like it. These videos are great!
@isabellaghement9442
@isabellaghement9442 2 года назад
My god - the presentation style is so distracting. Do we really need all the overacting and overplaying? It hurts my brain to try and pain attention to this. Please consider that different learners have different needs - this style is off putting to learners like me.
@QuantPsych
@QuantPsych 2 года назад
Then I say to learners like you...don't watch my videos. Find someone who fits your learning style. (That's far easier than for me to change my teaching style).
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