They tested the cardboard on some mice. After a long weekend, Jamie came back to find that one mouse ate his 2 cagemates from the cardboard pellet fed group.
But also modern processes foods have a massive amount of nutrients, that's actually the problem. Our body is evolved on foods in nature and processed foods have so much more nutrients that it throws it off. Pizza or fries have so many more nutrients per gram that we very easily eat way too much. Most people guess how much they eat by how full their stomach is rather than knowing how many calories they consume.
Well... Adam and Jamie forgot one very important thing about water behaviour on very hot surfaces... It's called Leidenfrost effect and this type of steam cannon is never going to work as they would like...
Sure, but that should not apply if the air inside the cannon is properly hot. The Leidenfrost effect does not account for closed-system pressure vessels.
@@bikerfirefarter7280 The leidenfrost effect is in effect when the temperature difference between 2 surfaces (one of them containing, being coated in, or being water or other liquid capable of rapidly reaching gaseous state) is so great that water is repelled from the surface and thus not instantly vaporized. It does not take into effect closed systems, mobile systems, gaseous matter at high temperatures or liquid at high temperatures. The leidenfrost effect does nothing if you pour water into hot cooking oil for instance.
@@Kanakotka I know what the leidenfrost effect is, I use it when glass-blowing, water and bees-wax is used, it's also used with anti-spatter when welding etc.
Man, there's no way that cereal has 9 calories in just 1 gram. It would've had to be made out of 100% pure fat, which is not. It's likely like 80% carbs by mass, with some artificial flavors and colorants. At maximum it has maybe 6-7 calories, which is a very high overestimate. It just shows the calorimeter wasn't accurate enough, and cardboard caloric data by extension also wasn't accurate.
Regarding the cannon; I'm thinking: -Too little thermal mass -Too little internal surface area, -And most importantly; the leidenfrost effect. I'm thinking it would actually work better at a lower temperature...
Dan Christensen I completely agree, I would also say that it needs a shorter barrel and lighter propellant. Wouldn't it be better to pressureize boiled water and then release the steam, no?
More than that: - The barrel is too long and cold and the steam loses energy to it. - Steam undergoes almost adiabatic cooling in the barrel. Also, the last design might be feasible if the projectile itself seals the steam tank and gets pushed out by by steam at a certain pressure level.
there is no check valve, meaning that when they open the valve to drop the water they leave a port open where the energy can release from..., I am a gas fitter and plumber by trade, Ive literally made a working steam cannon.. we shot potatoes... basically a potato cannon but using steam .. was awesome.
And they didn't use warm water. For a good Steamflash you need water which is at 80-90 °C this would reduce the Leidenfrost effect and you don't loose time heating the water up.
I don't blame Jamie's attitude on his respect of his equipment and his $30000 Lathe. 2 mins of wiping his arse instead of leaving a huge pile of shavings and detritus over the Lathe and expecting someone else to do it is a complete antithesis of his actions on Tested!!!
My guess is that the massive metal tube caused the steam to cool down too quickly, turning it back into water and instantly decreasing the pressure behind the projectile. A shorter barrel might've worked better. Remember, a projectile can only accelerate inside a barrel when there's pressure behind it. The longer the barrel, the longer the pressure can build and accelerate the projectile. Their barrel was probably longer than that of a M777 howitzer (6,10 meters) and looked quite thick, so there was a lot of cold metal present.
its not the warmth or cold of the barrel, its the volume. if the water isn't converted into enough steam to fill MORE than the barrel, than the bullet has little chance to come out. because the steam just pushs so far against the weight of the ball, til it runs out of steam (pun intended)
However pressure isn't everything as the volume of steam also matters to put more force behind the ball. Steam locomotives always were about the balance of steam pressure and steam volume. This is why high pressure locomotives never really became a thing because it just wasn't worth it as the volume of steam wouldn't change. Steam power also has the unique property that the pressure of the steam prevents more steam from forming. which means a long barrel matters more than it would have with compressed air. Cause as the steam escapes the superheated water turns to steam. This is why locomotives can maintain a constant boiler pressure because as steam escapes more steam is greater from the superheated water to keep the pressure up. The only thing is that steam expansion cools things down so you have to add enough heat to compensate.
My guess is lack of thermal mass, heating xKg of steel pipe by y°K gives you zJ of energy which gets dumped into aKg of water which needs to go from b°K to c°K. If we use dJ to represent the required joules for the water, zJ must be >= dJ otherwise it just won't work. zJ is a function of temperature and weight (thermal mass), you can increase the temperature but if you add xKg of copper around the heated chamber is the equivalent to doubling the temperature. More mass becomes less efficient as it increases due to distance from the surface area so you'll need water channels drilled down into the extra mass. Now you're getting into heat flux, rate of transfer of energy and that's where the surface area (copper nails down the barrel) comes into it. Roughen the surface area of the chamber, steam tubes down into the extra mass, copper nails for surface area. Finally, a really obvious one they either forgot or just forgot to mention: Delta T, change in temperature Water boils at 374°K. I'm going to guess from a few googles that tap water is 300°K. So the machine has to provide enough joules to raise xKg from 300°K to 374°K. Let's change that to 350°K by preheating the water. Now Delta T is 24°K instead of 74°K, the energy requirements are reduced by ⅔.
Maybe they should try again the first model, which had barrel made of copper followed by wood. Maybe if most of the barrel was made from wood, that would work. That's probably what you're saying.
Surely the water has to be heated at the same time as the tank otherwise the sudden ingress of cold water will act in the same way as quenching when tempering metal. So, fill the tank with water, bring both to the required temperature and pressure and the ball will be forced out of the barrel. That is why a canister of water inside a fire will explode with such violence. Archimedes would never be able to attain 1500 degrees. However, if the missile was the lid of the container and the water and chamber were heated at the same time, the pressure would build at a much lower temperature. I'm not a scientist but surely something on these lines is nearer to the capabilities of technology two and a half thousand years ago.
I think that to turn the water into steam well enough the chamber should be filled with rocks.This would increase the heat capacity.in front of the rocks there must be a grid to stop the rocks from being shot out. The water should be injected in the rear third of the chamber so it would be turned to steam and then flow over the remaining rocks, overheating the steam.
in this episode, adam & jaime test cardbridge vs sugar cereal, this guys realize an experiment with lab rat, but the rats ate cardbridge previusly ate another rat.
For the big cannon, it seems the boiling portion is iron, not copper (which has 7 times the heat conductivity!) and the surface is smooth again (the surface is too small). Also, 24 pounds is definitely too much, 2-4 pounds would be better (hollowed ball? smaller barrel width? different ball material) and the chamber size overall seems too small (the water amount too). Also, using boiling water will allow you to just completely fill the chamber with water as you won't be losing any heat by it AND increase the pressure from the steam (since there will be less space and some from not having to heat up the water). So I wouldn't say it's impossible just based on this video.
I think they were trying to test the design plan itself rather than proving if you could make a working steam cannon. And also the plan might just come from Ancient Greece, but it was most likely just a rough mockup without any testing or deep consideration because it seemed fun to think about and so it kind of failed.
Even if the cereal box had more calories than sugary cereals, so what? You can't eat paper. Paper is mostly cellulose. You can't digest cellulose, so why would you care?
Waaaiit... Calories does not equal nutrients. The myth is that it contains more nutrients, not more calories. Calories is just the amount of energy released when burning something, nutrients is something entirely different. Some vegetables have extremely low calory counts, to the point where one of them produces less energy than you need to digest it, but they still have a rather high nutritional value.
Silly sods. You need a burst valve. Greeks could have done that. Steam pressure is built in a chamber until it breaks a membrane leading to the barrel. Tube diameters are important too. Gas velocity v gas volume etc. That rig had no chance. The ball could have been the membrane...
Ummm..it never occurred to me back then, but the expert around the 9:55 mark claims they use „solid“ water. All those years later I beg to differ, since they clearly use liquid water and not ice. Not that it matters at this point.
much easier to build a chamber, you then calculate the calorific value of the gas you add. you must know the total gas consumed and the calorific value of the gas, in the case of propane 2500 btu/ft3 if you burn a burrito with 1 cubic foot and get 3000 btu output then the calorific value of tha tburrito is 500 calories.
More thermal mass, more surface area, preheat the water, lower the temperatue, shorten the barrel and use a smaller expansion chamber with less water. That would have been on way. The other way melt some metall like maybe lead or copper and drop that in to water inside of the chamber ... makes it a one shoot if welded shut but with a service port reuseable
That wouldent work. Pouring molten metal in to water would just create a laidenfrost effect, and then boil the water. Not turn it in to steam instantly. Hot metal cools of really quickly in water. And the water often dosent even get hot, it hets luke warm. I'm a blacksmith, and have accidently dropped stuff I worked on in to the cooling bucket, and had to retrieve it whit my hands. So i know werry well, how warm the water becomes after being in contact whit glowing hot metal repeatedly trough out a day. Even by quenching lets say a axe in a small bucket of water repeatedly, dosen't manke it hot, just warm.
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The cannon is fist credited to archimedes a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer, then to leonardo da vinci. Which one was it. stupid commentary with cheesy jokes that make me lactose intolerant.
Pphahaha XD It seems to me that someone pushed him, and he is like: “Agh, I’ll hug u!” Or they just have kind of a living machine with a soul, and because of depression (MB destroyed many of his kind) it hit the man with pipes and gears!.. yeah.
The steam cannon would work with a completely different design. To produce sufficient energy the size of your heated surfaces is going to be massive which makes this design hopeless. Now, if you go back to the pneumatic chicken cannon you just might get the results you want. Build a flash boiler instead of using a compressor and store the steam from the flash boiler in a vessel. When you have a couple hundred pounds of pressure on hand in sufficient volume, open a large valve that closes off a ducting to the barrel and you have a steam cannon that might actually work. Your retention vessel should be sized to contain 1.5 to 2 times the total volume of your barrel. That will ensure your projectile will reach the end of the barrel under full pressure.
Building a steam cannon that works isn't the assignment. The reason they didn't build the thing you describe is that the ancient greeks didn't have valves that would allow them to store the pressure. Steam in a pressure vessel launching a projectile isn't a myth, they show that a design with a valve would work in the end of the episode.
The pressure chamber simply doesn't have enough thermal mass to effectively transfer the high temperature to the water. Instead of flash boiling the water, they're simply cooling down the tube. Them adding more water just cools the tube better. The copper nails they added from the demo to hopefully increase the surface area worked because it also increased the thermal mass.
A friend i my had some mirrors in the garden to provide some extra light for some plants in his garden, was quite shocking to see some of his wood of his veranda got scorched/charred (distance between mirrors and wood is about 4m/13ft). So Archimedes his solar death ray might not be a bust at all.
It's strange to me that they measured nutrition by calories. A piece of vegetables will have way less calories than a piece of chocolate cake, but way more nutrients.
Calories is just a measure of energy not nutrition. Like a chocolate bar will provide more energy than a piece of broccoli when digested but there's more to nutrition than just energy. You also need certain "building blocks" for your body. So yeah just using calories is kind of a flawed metric
Yeah, another thing is that even if the myth was about calories rather than nutrition, the cardboard box may have more calories but as it cannot really be fully digested it's basically zero, at the very least for humans. Also for example 1 gram of uranium has 2 billion calories and yet we aren't using it to solve world hunger, with the mythbuster logic here, you'd just pop a gram every 27 397.96 years or so and you're solid
I feel like a second valve, for the water. Along with a more thorough heating method(inside) would ve worked better, whwn like jaime says "idk why this didn't work,", I feel it's just for TV.....Or they've spent too much time on TV and movie, "Special Effects for 30 years" that they forgot reality, lmao.
4:07 As fun as Adam seems to be around, he's probably not the easiest to work with. I imagine that he's very prone to mood swings, going from "excited child" to "violently cursing manchild" in seconds. Jamie isn't exactly bubbling with enthusiasm, but he's much more mellow and level-headed. And I'd be pretty ticked off too if someone had not only wrecked a very expensive tool, but also left the workshop looking like an aircraft crash site, especially if it was my tool and my shop. And M5 Industries is essentially owned by Jamie.
Jamie has stated himself that Adam was difficult to work with due to how often they butted heads; while they never hated each other, their constant bickering (while entertaining television for us) always kept them as coworkers; never friends. And Adam's propensity to get ahead of himself also stood in direct contrast to Jamie's methodical work process, not to mention his need for cleanliness.
dat Pianoguy he’s actually one of the most interesting people on the planet. Master diver, special forces, owned a pet store, was a fish trainer. Has clocked more scooba hours than most people have walked on the ground. Lives on a boat, I’m sure there’s loads I’m missing
im more on Adam's side. While Jamie is more responsible and act like an adult, the specialness of mythbusters comes from both of them. The show is basically for grown ups to feel like kids. I would love to work with Adam because he is like a child and he doesnt take himself so seriously. As annoying as it is on a temporal level, people like Adam sparks ideas. I had a coworker just like him, he lightens up your mood during the toughest days and create at worst a child tantrum.
I remember this show from the 2000s, even in Germany this was a big hit. Great they own steam device works pretty well on the end of the Video. Lol 31:18 Ice Age moment:)
Man Adam's predictions in percent, the don't try this at home warning... It's been 15 years since I saw an episode. What a blast from the past. I enjoyed it tremendously. Thank you.
a sealed cannister with water inside the barrel that ruptures at a certain pressure could do the trick. Once the pressure is released, every last bit of water that was kept liquid before by pressure flashes instantly into steam
Not to mention the embankment nearby to where they found the cannon ball looked like it was smashed by something hard, maybe the ball hit that then bounced to where they found it
Haha, didn't The Great Myth Busters know the trick to burn sugar? It is cigar ash! Believe it or not cigar ash is the classic example of a kathalysator. When you put some of it on a lump of sugar, you will see FLAMES when you try to light it. Without the ash, it just melts. Exactly what Adam shows here. Smoke a cigar, collect the ash in a nice clean tray, put a bit on the candy and you'll see the candy burn. Tadaah! Don't Adam KNOW that?! They should know...
The funny part about watching this show retroactively: Mr. Hyneman did quite literally all of the engineering, until the build crew was added in, in which Hyneman and Imahara did vast majority of the engineering work. Adam is here for mostly comic relief, and according to the people on the set he's often intolerable to be around, so he's not friends with anyone in this show, least of all Jamie. Any time Adam basically did any work building or worse, engineering anything it's just a lot of loud cursing and blaming everything and everyone but his own mistakes. Jamie basically summarizes the entire experience of all the seasons at around 4:00 here. The only reason he's kept in is because the producers insist he's entertaining.
'like you had to do in the south pacific that time' man it cracks me up how adam plays on jamie having 1000 lives. i met them once too. u jelly? yeah u jelly
That's the second time that Mythbusters have proven that Archimedes couldn't have done something that he is reputed to have done. I'm thinking we're giving him more credit than he deserves.
I would personally have made a small desk mounted cannon. I'd machine it from aluminium about 4 inches long and can fire a 3/8 ball bearings. Fired by a few drops a petroleum no less
What bothers me the most about these guys is their arrogance about how much better modern tools and materials are. There are many examples of ancient constructions which stump today's scientists and builders. They often admit that they really couldn't have done the job better, or at all.
