Nasal Anatomy (Cartilage, Nasal Cavity, Sinuses, Meatuses, Nasal Mucosa) 

Content:
Introduction 0:00
External Anatomy of the Nose: 0:50
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity: 3:00
Olfactory Part: 4:08
Respiratory Part: 04:47
Sinuses and Meatuses: 5:50
Nasal Mucosa: 7:47
Sinusitis 9:53
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External Structures of the Nose:
- Root of the Nose (Radix Nasi)
- Dorsum of Nose (Dorsum Nasi)
- Apex of Nose (Apex Nasi)
- Ala of Nose / Wing of nose (Ala Nasi)
- Nostrils (Nares)
Nasal Cartilage:
- Nasal Bones (Os Nasale Dextrum/Sinistrum)
- Lateral Nasal Cartilages (Cartilago Nasi Lateralis)
- Accessory Nasal Cartilage (Cartilagines Nasales Accessoriae)
- Major Alar Cartilage (Cartilagines Alares Major)
- Minor Alar Cartilage (Cartilagines Alares Minores)
- Septal Nasal Cartilage (Cartilago Septi Nasi)
- Alar Fibrofatty Tissue (Tela Fibroadiposus Alaris)
- Bony Septal Part (Pars Ossea)
Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity:
- In front of pharynx, above the palate
- Nasal Vestibule (vestibulum nasi)
- Nasal Cavity Proper (Cavitas Nasi Proprium)
- Limen Nasi
Nasal Cavity Proper:
- Olfactory Part (Pars Olfactoria)
- Respiratory Part (Pars Respiratoria)
Olfactory Part (Pars Olfactoria)
- Olfactory Tract (Tractus Olfactorius)
- Olfactory Bulb (Bulbus Olfactorius)
- Olfactory Nerves (Fila Olfactoria)
Respiratory Part (Pars Respiratoria)
- Choanae / Turbinates
- Superior Conchae (Superior Turbinate)
- Middle Conchae (Middle Turbinate)
- Inferior Conchae (Inferior Turbinate)
- Superior Meatus
- Middle Meatus
- Inferior Meatus
- Spheno-Ethmoidal Recess
Sinuses and Meatuses:
- Sphenoid Sinus opens into sphenoethmoidal recess
- Frontal Sinus open into Middle Meatus
- Ethmoidal Sinus
○ Anterior Ethmoidal Air cells and Middle Ethmoidal Air Cells to Middle Meatus
○ Posterior Ethmoidal Air Cells open into Superior Meatus
- Maxillary Sinus open into Middle Meatus
- Nasolacrimal Duct open into Inferior Meatus
- Function of Sinuses:
○ Decrease relative mass of the skull
○ Resonance
○ Humidification and warm-up inhaled air
○ Make Mucus to keep the nose from drying out
Nasal Mucosa:
- Olfactory Mucosa:
○ Olfactory Epithelium
○ Sustentacular Cells (Covid-19 damages these cells causing loss of smell)
○ Basal Cells
○ Tela submucosa contains olfactory glands (Bowmans glands)
- Respiratory Mucosa:
○ Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium)
○ Goblet Cells
○ Cilia
○ Tela Submucosa contain mixed mucus glands
Sinusitis
- Increase mucus in the sinuses that may block them
- May be caused by:
○ Common Cold
○ Allergic Rhinitis
○ Nasal Polyps
○ Deviated Septum
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Complete Aanatomy by 3d4medical
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures