New Space Race, Dyson Spheres in Cosmic Voids, Protection from Solar Storms | Q&A 238

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Can dark energy be just empty space and nothing else? Is there a new space race going on? Why is NASA so slow with its Moon plans? Is there an upper limit for a star? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A.
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00:00 Start
01:07 [Andoria] Is dark energy just empty space?
06:29 [Vulcan] Canadian accent
08:48 [Risa] What if a nebula collapsed back on its central neutron star?
12:11 [Aeturen] Why not use a satellite on a cycler orbit for high-bandwidth data transfer?
16:25 [Vendikar] Is a new space race on?
21:20 [Remus] How can NASA be so slow?
23:57 [Janus] Can space voids actually be Dyson spheres?
26:25 [Cait] What's the upper limit of star mass?
28:42 [Betazed] How can we protect against solar flares?
32:14 [Cheleb] Controversial topics among science discoveries
36:46 [Nimbus] What is the latest news about life on Europa?
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28 май 2024

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Комментарии : 385

@user-js6pe7bn7p 6 месяцев назад

Dyson exists in a vacuum

@andrewreynolds912 6 месяцев назад

Haha, that's a good one ❤

@tryhardfpv5351 6 месяцев назад

Other way around, vacuum exists in a Dyson.

@user-js6pe7bn7p 6 месяцев назад

DAMN THAT SUCKS@@tryhardfpv5351

@JamesCairney 6 месяцев назад

My Dyson vacuum exists in the bin. It broke, so I threw it out.

@ZeFroz3n0ne907 6 месяцев назад

😆

@henreh99 6 месяцев назад

Fraser, you’re an absolute hero of space communication. None better anywhere! I wonder if you’ve considered writing a book written in your voice about common questions. I particularly love the Q&A videos/podcasts 😊

@KaaSerpent 6 месяцев назад

That is THE best explanation of Dark Energy I've ever heard. I said, "Oh! Well, THAT actually makes sense. Why hasn't anyone else explained it that way?"

@noccer 6 месяцев назад

Your pronunciation is similar to how we Irish pronounce Lava, Mazda, Llama. There is a strong Irish migration history in Canada, especially in Newfoundland where Irish was spoken for periods of time in the 1700s. So it wouldn't surprise me Irish migration/presence had some influence in how you guys developed your pronunciation of those words. Fun topic, it's nice to have a bit of side-banter like this in your shows. ☘

@soniabownes5658 6 месяцев назад

In England we say lava the same way the Americans do but pasta like the Canadians. Either is fine for me!

@dropshot1967 6 месяцев назад

Andora was my favorite. The problem with a bad solar flare is that the big transformers in the grid are at a high risk of getting damaged. The problem is that the manufacturing capacity to replace these is very limited. So large sections of the grid will likely not get repaired in a timely fashion, possibly for more than a year. And that is if the production capacity of these transformers itself is not affected by such a big solar EMP.

@GoCoyote 6 месяцев назад

As an electrician, Carrington sized solar events are the stuff of nightmares. Consider a Carrington sized event that lasts for 24 to 72 hours, and you can possibly include every single nuclear reactor and spent fuel pool on earth turning into Fukushima. Then add in the fact that the Carrington event was too small to even show up on the geological record of larger solar events. Basically a possible "civilization as we know it" ending event.

@themobyone 6 месяцев назад

Question: How realistic do you think human missions past the first few Artemis landings are? So often human space missions get scaled back or canceled due to cost overruns. Is it realistic to think we can have a somewhat permanent human presence on the moon in a few of decades?

@muzzyali8011 5 месяцев назад

Even if Artemis fails completely, and is delayed, a lot of what SpaceX Is doing will drive the space industry forward. Once starship is fully function able for consistent flights to Mars, there is no doubt that some starships will likely be put on the moon and will perhaps carry equipment fit for a moon base with them. The whole point of starship is to have a reliable rocket, that can be reused to take us across the solar system. We won’t have to start from scratch. We will definitely have a permanent presence on the moon soon. I’d say give it 20 years from now. By that time we’ll have a large moon base already constructed on the moon and many astronauts heading that way

@MrDowntemp0 6 месяцев назад

Aeturen! because I'm also fascinated by interferometry.

@MrDowntemp0 6 месяцев назад

My new name for dark energy: Spooky Stretch Stuff

@doncarlodivargas5497 6 месяцев назад

Slightly spooky stretchy stuff

@MrDowntemp0 6 месяцев назад

@@doncarlodivargas5497 We don't know if it's stretchy, do we? We just know that it's important in the universe's stretchin'. But I do like the Slightly.

@doncarlodivargas5497 6 месяцев назад

@@MrDowntemp0 - if our slightly spooky stuff are fighting against gravity and winning it is stretching?

@MrDowntemp0 6 месяцев назад

@@doncarlodivargas5497 I think you're correct, but I'm not educated enough about Dark Energy to know for sure.

@cjc363636 6 месяцев назад

Thanks for the pronunciation discussion. I'm a US Stargate SG-1 fan, and I loved hearing the subtle Canadian differences in words, especially 'sorry."

@brucemacdonald5037 6 месяцев назад

We have a similar situation in New Zealand and Australia. No one from outside can hear the difference

@surferdude4487 6 месяцев назад

31:10 Yes you can disconnect your house from the grid. pull the main breaker. That's what it's for. But it won't make much difference when the grid has lost its transformers. Only people with solar pannel and battery combinations will have power after the danger has passed and only if they shut them down during the event.

@GoCoyote 6 месяцев назад

The big issue is whether any computers would survive, as all but the simplest DC off grid systems need computers to run the inverters that produce AC power.

@CenarosNL 6 месяцев назад

“It’s called rocket science for a reason.” - Scott Manley 😎

@3dfxvoodoocards6 6 месяцев назад

20:35 - for the Mars race I think we need to wait another 100 years at least.

@laurachapple6795 6 месяцев назад

Andoria - I personally like Dr. Carolin Crawford's suggestion that we call it Magic Pushy Stuff.

@Raz.C 6 месяцев назад

I suggest the name "Blork" to replace "Dark Energy." It's just as descriptive and it would be a lot of fun to hear. Just imagine a NASA conference where they're discussing new ways to detect Blork! That would be a fun conference!!

@ZeFroz3n0ne907 6 месяцев назад

For question Aeturen: Couldn't we set up a relay station of satellites to boost the signal? Just a thought.

@stephenwise3635 6 месяцев назад

It makes sense :)

@JayCross 6 месяцев назад

Quick note: IF you can have a very efficient endothermic reaction being done with the energy from a Dyson sphere, such as converting energy into anti-matter, you might solve the over-heating problem. We don't know of a way to do this yet, but that would be a path toward solving that problem.

@johnmclaughlin4778 6 месяцев назад

Why not normal matter? Endothermic chemical reactions are known not to violate thermodynamics, so I don't see how conversion to matter would be different. How does efficiency make a difference?

@JayCross 6 месяцев назад

@@johnmclaughlin4778 Sure... I was thinking about something that could be used for fuel/energy, but you're right, making matter would also be useful. I'm guessing that you'd end up making equal parts matter and anti-matter in any process we can imagine now.

@DVSx86 6 месяцев назад

Thanks for great session!

@bbbenj 6 месяцев назад

Excellent, as usual, thank you 👍

@PlanetXMysteries-pj9nm 6 месяцев назад

"I'm constantly amazed by the depth of knowledge and expertise you share through your videos. Thank you for being a constant source of enlightenment. "

@ScotHarkins 6 месяцев назад

The key phrase I think of for nebulae is “escape velocity”. A nebula is the stellar material (and other solar system matter caught up in the explosion) that is moving away from the star fast enough to escape the star’s gravity. We have to expend a LOT of energy to get space craft out of Earth’s gravity well. Same concept, very different scale.

@robbumusic 6 месяцев назад

Aeturen was definitely a great question, with a great answer too.

@JenniferA886 6 месяцев назад

Great video… cheers 👍👍👍

@agreen9831 6 месяцев назад

Love your stuff Fraser! My question is: Do larger stars create more planets when they form? Or do they seem to create larger ones? Or does it not coincide at all? also Aeturen

@danlewellyn6734 6 месяцев назад

The problem with Stellaris is that if you start to play at 9AM the next time you look up it's 11PM. It's a day killer

@r4wtgrh42 6 месяцев назад

I lost January of 2019 to Stellaris.

@Chris.Davies 6 месяцев назад

You forgot the Dyson Sphere rule! Which goes, "If you can build a Dyson Sphere, you don't need a Dyson Sphere, and you are too smart to attempt one."

@jemborg 6 месяцев назад

I like that a lot 😂

@jondoc7525 6 месяцев назад

What happens during a solar flare in a Dyson sphere that would suck

@FirestormX9 6 месяцев назад

Dyson spheres are just senseless, to be honest. Don't know when people will stop thinking about it

@ashleyobrien4937 6 месяцев назад

exactly !@@FirestormX9

@sergey9986 6 месяцев назад

I have a question about Dyson spheres and their assumed infrared footprint. The main idea is that those structures should emit a higher-entropy radiation. Why do we assume that there is no technology that could convert the excess IR further down to radio-waves with even higher entropy?

@henryTech720 6 месяцев назад

Yeah I posted a comment similar to your with a further detail that even more of that energy can be used to point where there's none emitted 100% usage, your radio waves have energy that can further power electricity generation and other useful outputs, further down microwaves could be used, all the way down to where there's nothing left, this would mean civilization gets much more energy than a normal Dyson sphere

@1976Bassey 6 месяцев назад

Question from my son, Daniel. Is there any way to generate usable energy from the Van Allen Belt?

@kulsayogi 6 месяцев назад

Thanks!

@EpicFail1945 6 месяцев назад

Vulcan ...super random but loved it lol.

@cwcordes 6 месяцев назад

Fraser, I want to thank you for my new phrase of the week.. "A certain amount of uncertainty" 34:03

@timelessninja 6 месяцев назад

You mention Rimworld, and I'm playing it as we speak. I love playing rimworld with science videos in the background.

@movation 6 месяцев назад

Love watching both shows maybe I am slow. Lol

@bigianh 6 месяцев назад

Go to your fuse box and switch off all the breakers will disconnect you from the grid. Doesn't help if the whole grid goes down but will protect your appliances from the surge

@gelisob 6 месяцев назад

30:55 sure you can unplug your house from the grid :) Just ask electrician to install a 3/5 or however many pole's switch in next to your circuit breakers/meter that not only disconnects phases but also neutral and ground. And you are off :)

@frasercain 6 месяцев назад

And then you hope there's a grid to return to after the solar storm.

@brucehansensc 6 месяцев назад

Thank you, good catch and good info!

@noccer 6 месяцев назад

Question for fun: Is Saturns 'surface' gas a sudden boundary between clear space, or is it gradual. From afar it looks like a sudden boundary. If I 'fell' backwards into Saturn, would the stars immediately disappear as I fell into the gas, or does its outermost gas layer gradually thicken meaning the stars would gradually be obscured as I fell deeper?

@takanara7 6 месяцев назад

The primordial black hole thing for dark matter would kind of be a pain in the ass for interstellar travel. You'd be, like, running into them.

@Life_42 6 месяцев назад

21:35 "for you"

@bowerbird5808 6 месяцев назад

From an Aussie don’t worry too much about accents - we have been working for years on making parts of ours incomprehensible to Yanks :p

@tarumph 6 месяцев назад

My vote is Aeturen. Part of the issue with data transfer rates is power. For a given data transfer rate, the power required to maintain that rate grows with distance. I believe it's proportional to the square of the distance, but I'm not sure. Right now spacecraft, particularly interplanetary probes, don't have very much power. They have tiny transmitters. According to the NASA web page, the New Horizons probe had 200 wats of electrical power total when it reached Pluto. That's why they have to use huge radio dishes to download the signals.

@jmacd8817 6 месяцев назад

From a recent video, you discussed finding all the dangerous earth crossing asteroids. Would an outward facing wide view telescope sitting at the Venus-sun L2 point be a good option? (barring the bandwidth issue you brought up in this vid)

@Wildblood 6 месяцев назад

Question: A few days ago, you talked about planetary discs in polar orbits around stars and that got me thinking: Red dwarf stars have notoriously violent flares, which may make them less hospitable to life. Do these flares blast out equally in every direction, or are they mostly/exclusively limited to being ejected on a flat plane from the star's equator? If so, would we have better chances at finding life on polar-orbit planets? I imagine polar orbits are much rarer than equatorial orbits, but seeing as red dwarfs are so much more prevalent than sun-like stars, perhaps they're common enough in the galaxy that they're a good place to look for biosignatures?

@markmcdougal1199 6 месяцев назад

Nimbus - can't wait to explore Europa - I feel like there is something very special there. Good job Fraser. :

@jorynorthup 6 месяцев назад

Hey Fraser, question for a Q&A here: Would it be a stable arrangement for an advanced space faring civilization to park 6 equally massed planets in the same orbit 60° apart from each other, so all of them are in each other's Lagrange points? Or would it be unstable fairly quickly?

@lordzakken 6 месяцев назад

As today I still play Master of Orion sometimes. I really love it :)

@Raz.C 6 месяцев назад

Galactic Civilisations is pretty awesome, but Master of Orion will always be my favourite, I think. ESPECIALLY Master of Orion 3! I know that's a controversial choice, but I can't help it! I love it to pieces!!

@henryTech720 6 месяцев назад

Mr Fraser❤ you are wrong about Dyson spheres having to emit infrared: such a civilization would eventually find a way to put another shell around the Dyson sphere that uses the infrared energy to power tons of things!!!

@frasercain 6 месяцев назад

If you don't let the heat out, the temperature rises to infinity.

@Julathegreat 6 месяцев назад

Question: regarding the dark energy expansion and the cosmic horizon What we are able to see is based on Light, and lightspeed, right? And with the way space is expanding, it seems that there must be parts of space that are moving away from us faster than the speed of light on the other side of the universe. So there's got to be more parts of the universe that we can't account for, and we also can't see. Am I way off-base there? Would we have any other possible way to test that?

@smeeself 6 месяцев назад

That's essentially it, the ' observable universe' it the part we can see, the size of the actual universe in unknown, although some limits have been put on it

@ZappaBlues 6 месяцев назад

If you want an idea of the how much of a priority NASA is, 2023 Military Budget $858B. 2023 NASA budget $25.4B Even Military Health Care allocation is more that 2x the NASA budget.

@totallyquetzalcoatl6348 6 месяцев назад

Question for you Fraser: Isn't there an inherent bias in the way we detect exoplanets? My understanding of both the radial velocity and transit methods would seem to imply that you can only detect planets after they make a multiple orbits around they're respective stars. Wouldn't this mean that exoplanet detecting satellites like Kepler wouldn't be able to detect any planets that had orbital periods of more than a half/third/quarter of whatever observation period was used, or the functional life of the satellite in the case of Kepler? When I hear that out solar system seems unique in it's distribution of planet types and sizes (no hot Jupiters, no mini-Neptunes, rocky planets close/gas giants far), isn't the dataset we're using inherently unable to detect solar systems that would be like ours? If there are gas giants around stars where we've detected exoplanets that are the same distance as Jupiter is from our star, would Kepler even be able to detect them? Isn't there also biases towards detecting planets around red dwarfs? Not to mention that with the transit method of detection the exoplanets' orbital plane has to line up with the angle from which we're observing... I've heard the last couple points discussed before, but not the first about the length of the exoplanets' orbital period. You do great work, please keep it up!

@carlfollmer1767 6 месяцев назад

Could a super advanced species speed up a black hole's spin by firing particles at the right speed and direction so much that it dissipates and reveals the singularity inside? What could we learn if we looked at it?

@okkomp 6 месяцев назад

I'm waiting for bouy!

@Athrax12 6 месяцев назад

It was so nice to meet you in zoom ❤❤

@alexanderi1105 6 месяцев назад

Can believe that in just 20 years we could be a multi planet species with a colony in the moon and mars

@agapitosdovles9803 6 месяцев назад

What is an obsession that has remained consistent through all of your years in journalism?

@wskinnyodden 6 месяцев назад

What happens when you feed more material to a neutron star? - Stuff, magnetic stuff. With some luck, black hole stuff!

@jayzsjayzs.2550 6 месяцев назад

Reading in the email, about how black holes are simple, defined only by spin, mass, and charge. Now, I often read that at their centre there must be a singularity, a point of infinitely small size. I cannot easily equate this with something having a detectable spin. How can something infinitely small have any angular momentum, and therefore a detectable spin? I can understand material outside of the black hole spinning around it, but the hole itself...unless inside it is NOT a singularity?

@ElJohnerino 6 месяцев назад

Despite earlier denials, 12:27 "aboot." Canadian confirmed! 👍

@jimcabezola3051 6 месяцев назад

Vulcan! Because I adore differences in speech! Canadian the gosh darned heck out of everything, Fraser. I treasure the differences. Also...being a British ex-patriot...a lot of the way Canadians say things is well understood by folks in Blighty. You remind me of "home" in a way. Aloha and enjoy the pasta on the llama in the Mazda as it traverses the lava...

@Jenab7 6 месяцев назад

lah-vah, pah-stah versus laa-vaa, paa-staa. That accent difference is a small one. Much more substantial is rhotic versus non-rhotic speech, where the Aussies and the English intentionally deprive letters R occurring near the end of a word of any sound. Car becomes kah. Star becomes stah. Mars becomes Mahs. Universe becomes univuhsss. Resources becomes resohses. Etc. They defend the practice as being the proper English pronunciation. It leads me to wonder which letter they'll dehydrate next.

@msabag 6 месяцев назад

Andoria - Regarding dark energy and the cosmological constant: the expansion at larger (ginormous) scales makes sense as dark energy can't overcome molecular bonds and gravity on smaller scales. But, at one time the entire universe would have been so much smaller. Is dark energy responsible for the continuing expansion of the universe, but was not responsible for the initial inflation?

@TheMemesofDestruction 6 месяцев назад

3:24 - Roughy the mass of a proton. ^.^

@chrisnava 6 месяцев назад

Fraser, what is the smallest scale where we can actually measure the effect of Dark Energy? I know that Gravity dominates on "local" cosmic scales but is it possible to get a positive value of Λ by carefully observing something as close as Andromeda or even closer like the orbit of Pluto?

@BabyMakR 6 месяцев назад

Follow-up to Betazed. What could be done? Could the power companies flip some circuit breakers in the transmission lines to reduce the damage?

@Tinman97301 6 месяцев назад

I come here just hear you say Lava and resources 👍

@ninagridchina1388 6 месяцев назад

Fraser! A question: If Earth in it's today state was transferred to the Venus's orbit, what it would be like there (or here, since we're on Earth)?

@jimsteen911 6 месяцев назад

We would be fried. If our magnetic field held up and we retained our atmosphere, the vaporized oceans would be transferred to the air and the greenhouse effect would be accelerated times a billion. We’d roast and then roast more. That’s to say nothing of how volcanism would react to the changing conditions-or the increase in solar radiation-different details depending on the loss or retaining of our magnetic field however all roads lead to a scorched dead planet. If ur question was referring to a hypothetical sudden transplant of current earth to Venus orbit-that’s the answer. If it was asking how the earth would look today if it was in Venus orbit from the start, that’s a much more complex question that isnt as straightforward and I’d have to check a few numbers/parameters that I don’t know by heart. I know you didn’t ask me but thats the answer.

@garrygreen4814 5 месяцев назад

Could there be something pushing back to regulate the expansion?

@foxyboiiyt3332 6 месяцев назад

Fraser came so close to saying I want to believe! 😂

@bigianh 6 месяцев назад

Q. Could you build a space telescope with the mirror at L4 and the collector at L5 if so what kind of magnification would it have?

@talkingmudcrab718 6 месяцев назад

35:54 Some people, rightly, worry about bias in the scientific process. I think it's unavoidable as humans doing science but we should take that into account in good faith on low sigma evidence.

@manuelpingas 6 месяцев назад

Fraser, could a small sphere of super concentrated mater be potentially present, but not observable, in the center of a black hole?

@kx4532 6 месяцев назад

Spare Space!

@DavidTremblay 6 месяцев назад

Homeworld and stellaris are very good I play them a lot

@punkyroo 6 месяцев назад

RIMWORLD IS MY FAVORITE GAME EVER!!! I LOVE STELLARIS TOOOOOOOOO!!!

@tazerface8659 6 месяцев назад

That was a very generous explanation of why nasa is slow. The budget is how but how the budget is treated is why. NASA is slow because it costs more than fast. Spacex is slower than it should be because it’s not NASA or Blue Origin. Big government and big private interests have great need for spacex to be as slow as possible.

@BMichaelNeal 6 месяцев назад

Canada, Vulcan.

@shannonparkhill5557 6 месяцев назад

QUESTION: The higher gravity of super earths may make it harder or even impossible for a resident civilization to reach orbit. But if such a planet spun faster, could this make it possible again by launching a rocket from the equator?

@charleslivingston2256 6 месяцев назад

Remus. SpaceX has spent a huge amount too. The difference is they have plowed that money into the infrastructure to build the rockets rather than in building the rockets. They can now pump out lots of rockets. Not only will they improve performance and reliability as they irritate and discover issues, but they seem to have an insane level of compulsion for reducing the unit costs.

@omardavivarela 6 месяцев назад

Vulcan!

@kadourimdou43 6 месяцев назад

I read the story about massive stars that are moving so fast, they will leave the milky way. Are there any lower mass stars, that would survive intergalactic distances, and collide with the Milky Way. If they travelled from a neighbour galaxy.

@tsmspace 6 месяцев назад

Aeturen ::: I kept thinking this is something we could use the moon for,, by using satellites around earth, and then bases or satellites around the moon, that would be a larger "lens" for the telescope but then still be within this kind of serviceable range ,, suggesting that if it were possible to maintain a moon base for such, then there would be the ability to have enough infrastructure to keep that kind of system working well.

@willinwoods 6 месяцев назад

The "rezources" thing could be due to (Canadian) French influences. Almost always when you have an 's' between vowels, it's sounded.

@JAGzilla-ur3lh 6 месяцев назад

"The way I say rezources. With a zed." Uhhh, forget the rezources. Zed just threw you all the way to the bottom of uncanny valley. 😂

@jjchouinard2327 6 месяцев назад

Hey Fraser. Is there a way do dertermin or guess the age of a black hole?

@bernhardjordan9200 6 месяцев назад

25:44 - could a Dyson Galaxy closer be seen as a very redshifted one? Can it be an explanation for the gigantic early galaxy seen by JWST?

@musicilike69 6 месяцев назад

And the amount of times I've landed a slightly too tall rocket on the Moon on not quite level ground in Kerbal Space Prog only to watch it topple over and me designing a rescue mission is...a lot. Surveying the terrain instead of winging it may work better also though one suspects NASA has this covered. They have a good budget I have console commands.

@besniknuli 6 месяцев назад

Ok i've been thinking about your answer about dark energy, if we see gravity described as curvature in geometry of spacetime, can we see dark energy also as curvature in large scale in pozitive value so if we calculated all the dark energy would it describe a sphere or somthing like an upsidedown tear shape as i see it in my brain.

@mihan2d 6 месяцев назад

Question: Do you think we know most of what there is to know about spacetime, or do you think there is an entire hidden chapter or chapters of physics and cosmology (much like Mass Effect, for those acquainted) which would allow us one day to manipulate gravity, break the lightspeed limit, perhaps even time travel or reverse the entropy?

@Bitchslapper316 6 месяцев назад

I know you didn't ask me but this is a subject I've always been interested in. I think it's extremely presumptuous to think we know everything or even that we have a good understanding of the overall picture.

@mihan2d 6 месяцев назад

@@Bitchslapper316 I strongly believe that we don't even know one tenth of everything there is to know about physics and reality, but I was interested in Fraser's own opinion. I cannot stand that scientific hubris which ravages every level of science almost rivaling religious fanaticism to the point some scientists are openly dismissing evidence which are even slightly out of their narrowly focused understanding (or lack thereof), however Fraser seems like a very openminded person who should lack such an egregious flaw in his worldview.

@Bitchslapper316 6 месяцев назад

@@mihan2d Yeah I agree, I doubt it's even one tenth. You probably have because it's a big channel but If you haven't seen the channel Veritasium on youtube It's worth the time. He made a really interesting video a few years ago explaining and proving that humans have never actually measured the one way speed of light and discussed some of the potential implications.

@Daddyoh94 6 месяцев назад

8:25 I always think it's closer to "aboat," which I suppose is because the other Canadians I watch on RU-vid are from Nova Scotia. Maybe "aboot" is more central Canada, because I always think of the accent of Minnesota or Wisconsin

@Matthewcryan 6 месяцев назад

Master of Orion 2 - top 100 games of all time

@DrToonhattan 5 месяцев назад

That bit about New Horizons' data rate got me thinking, I wonder if the world's best Morse Code person could beat New Horizons' data rate.

@frasercain 5 месяцев назад

Hah, probably

@robertweidner2480 6 месяцев назад

The Canadian accent is very similar to the New England accent.

@MrVillabolo 6 месяцев назад

Fraser, you asked if someone could give you a different name for dark energy. How about "Accelerating Expansion"? Oh, my pick is Risa.

@adirmugrabi 6 месяцев назад

Janus: mirrors are able to "hide" the IR radiation. if they place giant mirrors that redirect the radiation, like a molten rice solar array, collecting the heat from several stars, they can make it so that practically all the radiation will not reach us.

@bigianh 6 месяцев назад

I'm English and I pronounce Pasta & Lava like you so congratulations you are correct ;)

@donnahaynes8766 5 месяцев назад

Is there anything we can do individually to protect our households and personal electronics from solar flares?

@ninatolfersheimer 6 месяцев назад

If dark matter turned out to be primordial black holes, how would we ever go about proving that?

@BelinFieldson 6 месяцев назад

Lava is a Hawaiian word, appropriated by English. The pronunciation is dictated by the originating language. Applying a localized vowel preference to it is technically wrong, as Hawaiian has specific vowel pronunciation. Many space objects are named in Hawaiian due to the number of observatories based on Mauna Kea, so respecting its rules should be important to astronomers who are informing the public. Love your work Fraser, thanks for being so informative and applying your interests.

@redcat9436 6 месяцев назад

Wrong. The word "lava" comes from Italian.

@BelinFieldson 6 месяцев назад

Well, damn, you're right! I was thinking of a'a and pahoehoe, and I thought the whole set of technical descriptions were adopted from Hawaiian. My bad.

@sthomas6369 6 месяцев назад

There are a lot of people in the US that also say "paasta," my observation is that it's a midwestern thing. I also expect them to say that pasta is "Eye-talian." No, I'm not going to respond to any comments.