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Orthogonal sets 

Dr Peyam
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This is the first video of a linear algebra-series on orthogonality. In this video, I define the notion of orthogonal sets, then show that an orthogonal set without the 0 vector is linearly independent, and finally I show that it's easy to calculate the coordinates of a vector in terms of an orthogonal basis. Enjoy!

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7 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 57   
@franklinbolanos2395
@franklinbolanos2395 6 лет назад
Better than Netflix series!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Peyamflix!
@kamoroso94
@kamoroso94 6 лет назад
I'm taking a linear algebra class right now! We just talked about what it means for a set of vectors to form a basis of ℝ³ today. We've been talking about linear independence, spanning sets, and row reduction in augmented matrices lately. But we haven't talked about orthogonal sets yet. At the end where you showed a=(x•u)/(u•u), etc., it reminds me of the scalar you obtain when projecting one vector onto another, proj_u(v)=((u•v)/(u•u))u. I find the class really interesting, so I'm really excited to follow along with your video series as well! I feel like this kind of math is really powerful.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Oooooh, you should definitely watch the video on orthogonal projections that I’ll show on Wednesday, it’ll enlighten you!!! :D
@joaovictormacedosales2520
@joaovictormacedosales2520 6 лет назад
You're the best, Peyam! Please, even after this series, bring us some more cool topics in linear algebra, like linear operators!
@AlexiLaiho227
@AlexiLaiho227 6 лет назад
this was a really good one, loved it, thank you! it's good to see some real-life applicable mathematics on here. i want to go to dinner with you or something, you're so likeable.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Thanks so much! What a compliment :3
@TheMauror22
@TheMauror22 6 лет назад
Excelent video. I found orthogonality very interesting when I took LA a year ago. What blew my mind the most is the Gram-Schmidt method to find an orthogonal set that has also only unit vectors (in Spanish is called 'conjunto ortonormal'). I think its awesome!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Gram-Schmidt will be coming up :)
@ffggddss
@ffggddss 6 лет назад
Yes, in English it's "orthonormal set" or "orthonormal basis," when it spans the space. Because "normalization" in LA means dividing a vector by its length to make it a unit length in the same direction.
@proalexv
@proalexv 4 года назад
I love that saying about the essence of linear algebra. Linear algebra serves as an "Algebraic way of defining a geometric concept" I was just wondering while taking your course what's the big idea or take away, and the same day as I'm thinking about it I hear you say it. Great explanation by the way!
@MrCigarro50
@MrCigarro50 5 лет назад
Reciba un saludo y agradecimientos desde Puebla, México. Gracias por esta serie de videos, para nosotros, Estadísticos, esta serie es fundamental.
@cubicardi8011
@cubicardi8011 6 лет назад
White shirt so you can't see all the chalk on it?😀
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
That’s exactly why I was wearing it 😂😂😂
@franciscojavierorozcobeiza6395
You're really good thanks for UP load videos!!!
@norman.20
@norman.20 4 года назад
Oh man! U hugs itself! I don't know which is more fun now, learning the math or enjoying it !!! super cool Peyam jan! :-)))
@vanessakitty8867
@vanessakitty8867 6 лет назад
Chalk and talk is an old favorite method of mine.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Mine too!!! So much easier to follow than PowerPoint slides!
@vanessakitty8867
@vanessakitty8867 6 лет назад
Indeed!
@tomatrix7525
@tomatrix7525 3 года назад
PP slides are the worst, in math especially.
@Leila0S
@Leila0S 2 года назад
I like your enthusiasm. You creat hope🌷
@renzalightning6008
@renzalightning6008 6 лет назад
I remember doing the Gram Schmidt process! It was beautiful!! Can't wait for that one to remind me :D Gonna like this series!!
@omrimg
@omrimg 6 лет назад
I actually had my LA final today, part of it was orthogonality! Went nice.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
👏👏👏 Congrats :)
@weinihao3632
@weinihao3632 5 лет назад
so cool, orthogonality is also one of my favorites!
@tonyantonio2
@tonyantonio2 4 года назад
Haha I love the analogy you gave at 22:17 I will remember this for my Linear Algebra Final this Wednesday :D
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 4 года назад
Good luck!!!
@jeromesnail
@jeromesnail 6 лет назад
I love how you say "Fourier" with the French accent :) I'd love to see a video about difference equations, and why the method to solve them works!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
What a nice coincidence, I’ll do something of that sort on January 31, stick around :)
@jeromesnail
@jeromesnail 6 лет назад
Dr. Peyam's Show great!
@yuvalpaz3752
@yuvalpaz3752 6 лет назад
nice idea for a series one little thing: at 13:00 you dont need to do it for v and w after you done u, the relation between the 3 is symmetric also the proof that the span of the set B is Rn iff B contains exactly n L.I. vectors is one of my all times favorite still sick so i couldnt catch up with the videos i missed... BTW... still waiting
@sansamman4619
@sansamman4619 6 лет назад
first to comment on the first video of a topic on series that is the first to this channel OMG!
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
There’s always a first time for everything :P
@sansamman4619
@sansamman4619 6 лет назад
Dr. Peyam's Show not really *always* lol..
@AlexiLaiho227
@AlexiLaiho227 6 лет назад
things that don't occur actually never happen for the first time, if you're trying to be a complete pedant about it 😂
@sansamman4619
@sansamman4619 6 лет назад
Dr. Peyam's Show and by the way, I just noticed, your shirt is sick I like it :3
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Thank youuuu!!!
@JPK314
@JPK314 6 лет назад
Thanks for the great video! For anyone having trouble understanding what linear independence means spatially, look at 3Blue1Brown's Essense of Linear Algebra series. Also, Dr. Peyam, the lighting in this video gets a little weird, especially at 14:30 and 19:30. I don't know if you can fix this by adjusting sensitivity to light, but if you could, that would be awesome for the future :)
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Thank you! Unfortunately the lighting cannot be fixed, since my phone adjusts it automatically, but it’s muuuch better now than it used to be! It used to do that every 20 seconds!
@dyer308
@dyer308 6 лет назад
Yayyyy fourier series!!(:
@michaelempeigne3519
@michaelempeigne3519 6 лет назад
I have not seen a proof of orthogonal projections before but I have known about that for a long time. I bought myself a book about this topic and diagonalization of matrices as well. I would like to see a proof and / or definition about Hermitian operators.
@duckymomo7935
@duckymomo7935 6 лет назад
I love orthogonality, it makes bases a lot easier to work with
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Me too :)
@datsmydab-minecraft-and-mo5666
@datsmydab-minecraft-and-mo5666 4 года назад
THANK GOD! SUPER HELPFUL
@ChefSalad
@ChefSalad 6 лет назад
Instead of doing all those dot products to rebase the vector, you could have placed u,v,w into a matrix A = [u,v,w] and multiplied A^-1 * x, which gives the x* that you were looking for. That's treating it like a linear transformation. Calculating A^-1 by hand isn't necessarily all that quick, but on a calculator, this is the way to go.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
Yeah, but even on a computer it’s quicker to compute dot products than inverses
@yuvalpaz3752
@yuvalpaz3752 6 лет назад
the Time complexity of inverse nXn matrix using Optimized CW-like algorithms(the best one as for today) is O(n^2.373) while the dot product of 2 vectors in Rn is O(n), and we are calculating n coefficient so we have O(n)+O(n)+...+O(n)=nO(n)=O(n^2) that is better than O(n^2.373)
@chdfnh
@chdfnh 6 лет назад
I would just check that there exist the determinant of the matrix in order to just show that it is a L.C
@taubone9257
@taubone9257 6 лет назад
Yay new video!
@user-bc9wj2kk3x
@user-bc9wj2kk3x 6 лет назад
Great video, thanks!
@kamineko4565
@kamineko4565 6 лет назад
Dear Dr. Peyam, can you solve 3^x=3x+1 without brute force?
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
kami neko I highly doubt that it can be done without brute force :P
@user-bc9wj2kk3x
@user-bc9wj2kk3x 6 лет назад
I think it can be formally solved (i.e. all solutions found and a proof that no more solutions exist) using some ideas from calculus, but one must anyway consider several cases where those solutions might actually exist. (one must consider the last solution and notice that derivative of 3^x starts to dominate over 3x since that point, it is a good exercise to think how to make it rigorous, but anyway, that's the idea)
@chongli297
@chongli297 5 лет назад
I once lost a mark on my assignment for writing perpendicular when I meant orthogonal. :(
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 5 лет назад
But it’s the same thing :(
@myonlynick
@myonlynick 6 лет назад
11:43 if i believe my textbook on dot product properties i have to question the claim: (u dot u) = ||u||^2 = not 0. My textbook says: ||u||^2 >= 0. Zero length can be valid result,it is the origin O(0.0). Also , if (u dot u) = 0 => u = 0.
@drpeyam
@drpeyam 6 лет назад
That’s what I wrote (and then corrected it)
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