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HOW LANDOWERS PUNISHED THEIR serfs:
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Serfdom is perhaps the most terrible thing that the Russian people have encountered in their entire history. Any landowner from the Tambov or Pskov provinces there could easily surpass in their cruelty any planter in the New World. He just had to want to. The number of victims of the monsters who killed and maimed their own people cannot be counted, but history still preserved the most “big names” of torturers and perverts for posterity. I will talk about them later..
In order to understand the whole essence of the events of those harsh times, let's briefly recall what serfdom is and who the serfs were ..
Serfdom or "enslavement" of the peasants, that is, their attachment to the land, in Russia took shape gradually, over more than two centuries. The enslavement of peasants began with the restriction in 1497 of their right to transfer from one landowner to another, and ended with the tax reform of Peter I in 1724, which finally attached the peasants to the land.
In essence, serfdom was a consequence of the specifics of land tenure in Russia: the aristocracy received land ownership for the successful performance of military service. The peasants, on the other hand, were obliged to work for the aristocratic landowner, performing labor service on his lands.
When it comes to the events of those years, many begin to compare serfs with African slaves, which, in fact, is a big mistake.
The serf was not a slave; comparing a serf with an African slave is at least stupid.
The slave, or as it was also called the "talking thing", belonged entirely to its master. It was enshrined in law. Examples are the laws of ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire, and the British and American colonies in 1619-1865. The slave, being an object of law, was not competent: in court, his master was responsible for the actions of the slave. Like any other property, a slave could be bought, sold, donated or bequeathed. The owner himself determined the degree and measure of punishment for his slave, and was not responsible for his death. Deprived of the right of ownership, the slave was wholly and completely supported by his master. The institution of marriage did not apply to slaves either: their relationship was not legally fixed and could only exist by the good will of their master. The only thing that was constant in their lives was everyday, hard work.
The serf, unlike the slave, represented himself in court, answering for his crimes. The serf had the rights of private property (had his own household) and had the full right to marry and start a family. Their children were legitimate and inherited the property of their parents, but were born serfs. Until 1765, peasants could complain about the landlords personally to the sovereign (later, only through local authorities). The so-called state peasants - serfs, working on lands belonging to the imperial treasury, did not obey the landowners. The Council Code of 1649 deprived the peasants of the last opportunity to gain freedom, as it gave the landowners the right to search for "fugitives" indefinitely. Later, already at the end of the 17th century, the practice of selling, exchanging or donating serfs became commonplace, and the state had neither the need nor the desire to interfere with it.
In 1721, Peter I, in one of his decrees, condemned the sale of people “like cattle” and ordered “to stop this sale; and if it is impossible to stop it, then at least out of need, they would sell whole names. Alas, in this situation, the order of the sovereign did not have the expected result: serfs were still sold, donated and exchanged ...
Serfdom in the Russian Empire was abolished in 1861 by Emperor Alexander II, who received the nickname "Liberator" for this. Many believe that it was not at all the kindness of the monarch, who was tired of hurting his soul for the long-suffering common people. The further existence of "serfdom" in Russia could result in grandiose riots and even a revolution.
In fact, the sovereign, like his predecessors, did not care too much about his oppressed subjects. This is also eloquently evidenced by the fact that the most terrible monsters, who mocked people and did not even disdain murders, got off, with very rare exceptions, with symbolic punishments.
#onceonearth
#serfdom
#serfspeasants
#slaves
#slavery
#saltychikha
#Russian history
29 май 2022
