#personal 

Personal Pronouns in German
Personal pronouns in German are used to replace nouns that refer to people, animals, things, or ideas. They change depending on their role in the sentence (subject, direct object, indirect object) and their grammatical case (Nominative, Akkusativ, Dativ). Here's a breakdown:
Nominative Case: Used for the subject of a sentence. Example: "Er liest ein Buch." (He is reading a book.)
Akkusativ Case: Used for the direct object of a sentence, receiving the action of the verb. Example: "Ich sehe ihn." (I see him.)
Dativ Case: Used for the indirect object of a sentence, indicating to whom or for whom an action is performed. Example: "Sie gibt ihm das Geld." (She gives him the money.)
Possessive Pronouns in German
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. Like personal pronouns, they also change according to the grammatical case (Nominative, Akkusativ, Dativ) and the gender and number of the noun they refer to. Here’s how they work:
Nominative Case: Indicates who owns something. Example: "Das ist mein Buch." (That is my book.)
Akkusativ Case: Indicates the direct object that is owned or possessed. Example: "Er hat meinen Schlüssel." (He has my key.)
Dativ Case: Indicates the indirect object to whom something belongs or is given. Example: "Ich gebe dir mein Auto." (I give you my car.)
Examples Explained:
Akkusativ Example: "Ich sehe ihn." Here, "ihn" is in the Akkusativ case because it is the direct object receiving the action of seeing.
Dativ Example: "Er gibt ihr das Buch." Here, "ihr" is in the Dativ case because it indicates the person to whom the book is given.
Possessive Pronouns Akkusativ Example: "Das ist mein Buch." Here, "mein" is in the Nominative case indicating ownership of the book.
Possessive Pronouns Dativ Example: "Ich gebe dir meinen Stift." Here, "meinen" is in the Akkusativ case indicating the pen that is being given to "dir," who is in the Dativ case.