Next to calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body. These 2 important nutrients work closely together to build strong bones and teeth. About 85% of the body's phosphorus is in bones and teeth. Phosphorous is also present in smaller amounts in cells and tissues throughout the body. Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the kidneys and plays an essential role in how the body stores and uses energy. It also helps reduce muscle pain after a workout. Phosphorus is needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells, and for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to help balance and use other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium, and zinc.
Most people get plenty of phosphorus in their diets. The mineral is found in milk, grains, and protein-rich foods. Some health conditions, such as diabetes, starvation, and alcoholism can cause levels of phosphorus in the body to fall. The same is true of conditions that make it hard for people to absorb nutrients, such as Crohn disease and celiac disease. Some medications can cause phosphorus levels to drop, including some antacids and diuretics (water pills). Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency include loss of appetite, anxiety, bone pain, fragile bones, stiff joints, fatigue, irregular breathing, irritability, numbness, weakness, and weight change. In children, decreased growth and poor bone and tooth development may occur. Having too much phosphorus in the body is actually more common and more worrisome than having too little. Too much phosphorus is generally caused by kidney disease or by consuming too much dietary phosphorus and not enough dietary calcium. Several studies suggest that higher intakes of phosphorus are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. As the amount of phosphorus you eat rises, so does the need for calcium. The delicate balance between calcium and phosphorus is necessary for proper bone density and prevention of osteoporosis
Symptoms of severe hypophosphatemia include:
Muscle pain and bone pain.
Muscular weakness.
An altered mental state, such as experiencing confusion or irritability.
Numbness or reflexive weakness.
Seizures.
Severe hypophosphatemia can result in coma and death if it’s not treated. If you’re experiencing symptoms of severe hypophosphatemia, get to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
Causes of chronic hypophosphatemia include:
Increased parathyroid hormone levels, as in hyperparathyroidism.
Other hormonal imbalances, such as in Cushing’s syndrome.
Vitamin D deficiency.
Electrolyte disorders, such as hypomagnesemia (low blood magnesium levels) and hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels).
Long-term diuretic use.
Theophylline (a bronchodilator medication) intoxication.
People with advanced chronic kidney disease (especially those on dialysis) often take phosphate binders with meals to limit the absorption of dietary phosphate. Long-term use of these binders can cause hypophosphatemia.
Hyperphosphatemia is a condition in which you have too much phosphate in your blood. Causes include advanced chronic kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism and metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Hyperphosphatemia doesn’t have symptoms. Treatment includes making changes to your diet, medications and dialysis.
Hyperphosphatemia usually doesn’t have any immediate symptoms by itself. However, hyperphosphatemia can remove calcium from your bones and blood, which may cause hypocalcemia.
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5 окт 2024
