*planning* Planning is deciding in advance what to do and hoe to do a particular task. It is one of the basic managerial function.before doing something, manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Planning seeks to bridge the gap between where we are and where we want to go. In other other words, planning means selecting an objective for a given time period and then formulating the various sources of action to achieve them and then selecting the best alternative from among the sources of action available. *importance of planning * :- 1. Planning provides direction. 2.planning reduces the risk of uncertainty. 3.planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities. 4.planning promotes innovative ideas. 5.planning facilities decision making. 6.planning establishes standard of controlling. (Standard performance and actual performance ) *features of planning *:- 1.planning focuses on achieving objectives. 2.planning is the primary function of management. 3. Planning is futuristic. 4.planning is pervasive. 5.planning is continuous. 6.planning involves decision making. 7.planning is an mental exercise. *limitations of planning*:- 1.planning leads to rigidity. 2.planning reduces creativity. 3.planning involves huge costs. 4.planning is a time consuming process. 5.planning may not work in an dynamic environment . 6.planning does not guarantee success. *planning process*:- 1.setting up objective. 2.developing premises. 3.identifying alternative courses of action. 4.evaluating alternative courses. 5.selecting an alternative. 6.implemneting the plan. 7.follow-up action. *types of plans*:- 1.single use plan. 2.standing plan. Plans can be classified as:- 1.Procedure. 2.Policy. 3.programme. 4.method. 5.budget. 6.rule. 7.objective. 8.strategy.
Setting up of objective Developing premises Listing various Alternative for achieving objective Evaluating alternative Selecting alternative Implementing the plan Follow up action
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Settings up of objective Developing premises Listing of various alternatives Evaluating various alternatives Selection of an alternative Implementing the plan Follow up action
