Prehistoric Trauma: Insane Injuries That Dinosaurs Survived 

REFERENCES Evolution of nociceptors www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780683/ Tarchia getting chomped anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25205 Lee Rex getting shanked twitter.com/tylergreenfieid/status/1367218005936132104 Chinese sauropod rib fractures www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912963.2022.2045979?journalCode=ghbi20#.Yh0NWORCkb0.facebook Molnar 2001 (theropod paleopathology summary) archive.org/details/mesozoicvertebra0000unse/page/338/mode/2up?q=Velociraptor&view=theater Carpenter et al. 2005: bitten Stegosaurus cervical plates, damaged thagomizers www.researchgate.net/publication/314890308_Evidence_for_Predator-_Prey_Relationships_Examples_for_Allosaurus_and_Stegosaurus Bitten Triceratops horn www.myfossil.org/featured-fossil-triceratops-vs-tyrannosaurus/ Triceratops facial lesions www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2617760/ Bonapartesaurus pathologies ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/183883/CONICET_Digital_Nro.4b52477e-bfb8-4c07-a18c-e0f75ba69db3_H.pdf?sequence=8&isAllowed=y Riggs 1903 www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/Riggs-1903_Structure%20and%20relationships%20of%20opisthocoelian%20dinosaurs.%20Part%20I.%20Apatosaurus%20Marsh.pdf Oviraptorid described with broken ulna www.researchgate.net/publication/270581958_An_oviraptorid_skeleton_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_Ukhaa_Tolgod_Mongolia_preserved_in_an_avianlike_brooding_position_over_an_oviraptorid_nest Big Al Pathology Description osf.io/f3rh6/download/?format=pdf Stegosaurus and Allosaurus interactions www.researchgate.net/publication/314890308_Evidence_for_Predator-_Prey_Relationships_Examples_for_Allosaurus_and_Stegosaurus Sue’s mandibular pathologies www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195667122002178 Sue’s fibula scanning www.researchgate.net/publication/345642185_A_comprehensive_diagnostic_approach_combining_phylogenetic_disease_bracketing_and_CT_imaging_reveals_osteomyelitis_in_a_Tyrannosaurus_rex/figures?lo=1 Edmontosaurus caudal traumatization anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.25078 Edmontosaurus caudal traumatization 2 doc.rero.ch/record/13850/files/PAL_E775.pdf Tyrannosaurus tooth embedded in T. rex centrum www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3732924/ Majungasaurus caudal truncation www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282007%2927%5B180%3APIMCTA%5D2.0.CO%3B2 Wyoming Crotch Shot gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/webprogram/Paper247355.html Wyrex clarification twitter.com/deak_michael/status/1756747506828866046?t=yUuKZwwLTOFaLjzwbrrzdg&s=19 Anne et al 2022 anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.25078 BHI 3033 pathologies peerj.com/articles/1130.pdf

Doctor:"Where exactly does it hurt?" Allosaurus: "Yes"

Allosaurus: peace was never an option

I always say that Triceratops had two swords, a shield and a pair of garden shears for a face... I except some crazy stuff between them and T.rexes

pain is temporary , glory is eternal

Stan got his brain case bitten into by another T.Rex, getting his frickin' brain matter exposed to the teeth of the most powerful carnivore to ever walk the Earth, and he _lived to tell the tale._ That's some MAD survivability

Heard Allosaurus fragilis was named like that because of the many injured fossil individuals they found, but these guys were anything but fragile, they were true warriors able to survive the unimaginable.

Allosaurus: i will eat you Stegosaurus: thagomizer? Allosaurus: ..? Stegosaurus: THAGOMIZE DEEZ NUTS

Stan didn’t hear no bell

The level of damage Dinos could take and live boggles the mind. And Rex seemed to take that to 11

If you want some wild stuff, look up the Gorgosaurus “Ruth”. It had a fractured lower leg bone, damaged lower jaw, infected breast/arm bone, and multiple fractures in the ribs and other bones, likely caused by falls. Investigation of the brain case indicated that the animal had abnormal growths that were likely the result of a possibly cancerous tumor that impaired her coordination.

You know it's going to be gruesome when fractured ribs are featured on the least painful cathegory. Also, R.I.P Big Al, gone but never forgotten :'(

If you think Sue didn’t suffer that much, it also had what seems to be a horrifying disease called trichomonosis, which is found on today’s birds and is caused by the trichomonad parasite. And let me tell you, it’s not just horrifying from the inside, but also the outside with the swelling on the head. Dinosaurs were really suffering a lot these days… Also I was expecting that nutshot Allosaurus.

Oh my gosh I've actually seen Y. rex before. I was at Houston one time and I visited their museum. I remember being really confused when I saw the T. rex was missing its tail , and I was having a really hard time trying to imagine it walking without it's tail. I kind of thought it had It's tail removed after it had died by a scavenger. But the fact there's evidence that the T. rex lost its tail while it was alive and it survived, just made the species a whole lot cooler.

“Nah, I’d survive.” -Allosaurus. Jokes aside, Paleopathology is, in all honesty, badass. Also, post-edit: Even I didn’t know about most of these examples. A Pachyrhinosaurus casually chilling with half of a face, or Wyrex living without a tail. Archosaurs are just built different.

This is why Path of titans needs to add so much more than just death scars on the skin, we need broken horns, ripped off arms and even like broken plates on the Stegos who survived intense battles-

Big Al was a FUCKING unit. Loved watching the documentary as a kid. Cried and became my boy after learning his story.

Imagine being a daspletosaurus,gorgosaurus or teratophoneus AND SEE A PACHYRHINOSAURUS WITH HALF ITS FACE COMPLETELY GONE Edit:nom look im famous

Ya know I recall seeing that Allosaurus with the broken jaw from Dinosaur Revolution And thinking "i doubt a dinosaur could ever survive something like that" After seeing half the stuff on this list I'm suddenly very convinced that not only could it happen, it likely did we just don't have the proof. Seriously next they're gonna find proof of a Dino that lost a leg but just kept living its life cause let's face these guys literally were so hardy it took a force not of this planet to kill em

How about ROM 768, the holotype of Parasaurolophus walkeri? I've seen a recent study that showed it had a large object (likely a tree or a rock) fall on it when it was younger, breaking several neck vertebrae and fracturing the ribs. It healed, survived, and lived with the damage for years! Hadrosaurs were beasts when it came to healing.

T.Rex is just op, people need to except that at this point. I remember when everyone thought it was a pushover to literally any other megatheropod. Now it one shots almost anything. The glow up is crazy.

Man, Dilophosaurus, and Allosaurus took the punches and kept rolling. There are so many wounds from each other and other dinos. Dinosaur, in general, seems to be quite tough.

Allosaurus by like: "I'm not locked in here with you, You are locked in here with me" Alr.. but jokes a side The fact this theropod was able to not only survive but thrive as a species in the enviroment full of other amazing creatures such as Stegosaurus, Torvosaurus, Saurophagnax and a huge number of titan sized sauropods in hard dry season conditions will always make him in my eyes the most goated Dinosaurs ever..

That Pachyrhinosaurus with its faced teared off is the most metal thing ever, Thank you for providing me with new paleoart ideas!

My introduction to the healing power of Dinosaurs was in Allosaurus in Planet: Dinosaur, Dinosaur Revolution, and Walking With Dinosaurs w/ Big Al. I though those cases were insane, but Stan is something else entirely. The resilience in these animals needs to be showed more.

Stan really said "I didn't hear no bell."

its fascinating, but not surprising, if you research what kind of injuries extant herbivores and carnivores sustain in the wild (Im talking missing facial muscles, teeth, half a maxilla, eye, hearing, limbs, etc) i remember reading an account of a deer with an air pneumothorax surviving in the wild for months. Nature finds a way.

If there is a mascot for the term " Black AirForce 1 Energy" you will see Allosaurus. It basically lives by the motto of "These hands are rated E for everyone".

Pretty sure there's a Gorgosaurus that had an arm that essentially fused into one piece after a bad break, and another one that survived a leg fracture that likely would've had bone breaking the skin. There's also that Portuguese Allosaurus that likely had it's lower jaw snapped in *half* at some point, but still reached adulthood. Theropods, especially tyrannosaurs, must been like lions or great whites in life, in that they must've been *riddled* with scars by the time they were fully grown.

It's actually crazy to think about the level of adaptation prehistoric animals went to counter acting things that hunted them. As well as their ability to heal from significant amounts of trauma. I wish we could be a fraction of that durable or able to heal/recover from injuries

If you ever make a part two, please do!, I'd find it helpful if there was something more than the bone names to show where the injury was. Maybe a highlight on the example image?

Me when I stub my toe: *literally dies* These mfs missing their faces: "tis but a flesh wound"

Imagine having your skull slowly crushed by a rival Trex, what a way to go! I had a lot of fun trying to visualize the scenarios of these injuries in my head, definitely looking forward to a part 2

What about that one particular adult Gorgosaurus that BHI used to have (at least I think BHI had casts of it)? I don't recall the specimen ID number, but I remember hearing these particular injuries attributed to the specimen in question: - A badly broken fibula that healed with a mid section of the fibula shaft sticking straight out the front of the shin. - A severe shoulder wound that resulted in the caracoid and scapula fusing with massive bone regrowth that may have been pushing the humerus out of position. - Evidence of a tumor in the brain case. - One side of the pelvis supposedly crushed/fractured that also healed. - Broken and some healed ribs. - Several fractured vertebrae, including caudal verts that may have forced the tail to be carried slightly bent to one side (though I cannot recall to what degree it had been stated).

I remenber Being That Amputated rex in a documentary That speculated that with how Severe the Injury was, the Only possible way that the rex survived was with the Help of a mate or Its young

It’s amazing that they can survive, horrible wounds even today look at their relatives, crocodilians you see them with the one limb ripped off, and sometimes even a lower driving ripped so dinosaurs would survive traumatic injuries, especially theropods. I also think that most pteropods would’ve been faced fighters, but their faces would’ve been covered in keratin to protect themselves like, for example Stan’s face.

Great video! I would love a video on dinosaurs' immune system and their illnesses. Keep up the good work!❤

Brilliant! You really know your stuff!! Paleontology is lucky to have you! Love, Grams

This video was really really good. I was super interested the entire time! I've subscribed and I hope you make more like this.

The fact Big Al is a mid tier on this list is INSANE Also Missed a bunch of healed fractures in the middle.

Subscribed. This was amazing

I'm so glad I found this video, paleopathology is one of my favorite fields of paleontology,. It's so interesting and there's not enough content about it imo.

If animals today like hippos, crocodiles, bears, rhinos and etc can cause horrific injuries just imagine what kind of damage dinosaurs could do.

Awesome video. You mentioned that one of these animals had congenital deformities. How often do palentologists see those, and how can they tell the difference from healed wounds acquired early in life?

Omg ive never seen your channel before and now i get "Charlie bit me" tier??? ❤

Another banger thx bro.

Fascinating. 😮 Thank you for this. 😊

I thank you for this. Some of these I knew about like MOR 693 FMH 2081 and Holotype of Dilophosaurus. Another thing to note is that Hadrosaurs (Bactrosaurus, Gilmoresaurus, Edmontosaurus Hypacrosaurus, Telmatosaurus, & Brachylophosaurus) are vulnerable to tumors.

Please do a video about Kaast et al. 2022 publication about the extremely high trophic levels of the Otodus sharks.

Every so often I am struck with the fact that these guys lived whole lives 🥹 Amazing

CHAD Paleontology and Tolkien enjoyer:

Yay you’re back

Let have a moment of silence for this allosaurus. 😔 12:55

Allosaurus' are the coolest damn dinosaurs that existed in my opinion. So cool

1:37 so actually turns out that triceratops did fend for itself against t Rex after all since Jack Horner says that the horns are fragile and they’re useless in combat, and he also said that if a triceratops hits the t Rex the T-Rex is gonna fall over on the triceratops, that’s not really true

The names for your tier lists made me giggle so much.

What about the Allosaurus specimen with a horribly broken lower jaw that healed?

With regards to Wyrex: While bite marks are apparently present, It's not clear as to whether or not they are directly associated with the bone remodeling. Another likely interpretation is that Wyrex could have been bitten but not amputated, survived long enough for it to heal, and the tail was amputated post-mortem. Regardless, the fact that this animal survived for a period of time after experiencing a great amount of trauma is nothing to sneeze at.

Megatheropods survived with broken necks !!

"Life is pain " was great opening

Amazing, Amazing work. Dinosaur immune systems and anatomies seem to have the capacity to survive some of the most dangerous and deadly injuries. With competition and threats like that, it seems like Dinosaurs had such an effective and useful lifestyle that made it easier to survive. Dinosaurs were made for combat (In their own ways). For example, Theropods were built to take hits and be able to do massive amounts of damage to their prey, which is one of the many reasons why they were so successful. It just seems like the evolutionary and ecological differences in Dinosaurs were one of the many reasons why Dinosaurs were so successful. Those are just my personal thoughts and opinions. Amazing job.

Love this vid! Prehistoric pathology has fascinated me for a long time, glad to see it getting some attention to a wider audience! There's one I love, besides Big Al, the zombie titanosaur! It was a small elderly titanosaur found in 2006 in São Paulo Brazil that had ancient parasites just riddling it's body, making it look like a zombie. 80 million years old and they could tell there was osteomyelitis with microfossils of blood parasites in the bones. It would have been in tremendous pain, with lesions and open sores all over its body, poor thing. They still don't know if the parasites cause the osteomyelitis or if injuries just made the perfect breeding ground for them though. The scientists are hopeful though that studying the disease in prehistoric beasts and how it changed to affect animals and humans now could lead to a key to combating it now, which I think it thrilling! Another is Broken Jaw, the Allosaurus on Dinosaur Revolution. While that was very highly dramatized, it was based off a lower jaw bone found, I can't remember the number for the fossil, but it was damaged greatly but showed healing, so it had to have been eating fairly well or at least being supplied with meat to allow it to live after such a grievous injury.

When are you gonna make the video about Cope’s new size ? Cool video btw

Udanoceratops! Fossil featured healed scarring on the bones, consistent with the beak of another Udanoceratops! No punk ass display frills and horns here, just a big ole beak and a willingness to use it in close quarters!

If that pachyrhinosaurus lived in the modern day it would be a legend. I'd bet scientists and the public alike would name it "Half-face"

I know this is going to be an odd one; but I would love to see another one of these lists, especially on the many different fossils we have with evidence of color or patterns!

Dinos are scary in their resilience

we had a chicken (little dinosaur) that was attacked by a loose pitbull and had an entire chunk taken out of her. she survived and lived for like four more years.

This is a brilliant idea for a video.. I haven't finished it, I'm still in charlie bit me... but I think you will be able to make reasonable conclusions as to whether these can indicate pack animal behavior... as surely some injuries will require help with feeding before full recovery.

Stan is quite the gangster. Got bit in the braincase and walked it off

Allosaurus: "I'm fighting for my f-ing life."

If there IS a saurian afterlife, I hope they know that millions of years on we pathetic mammals are still in awe of the injuries and diseases dinosaurs pushed through just to survive day to day. I’m aching all over just WATCHING this!

I have seen people claim the horns of triceratops werent that strong and they were used only for display... meanwhile we have direct evidence of them literally damaging the bone there were THAT sharp.

Got my sub for mentioning Big Al. The documentary on him broke my heart as a child.

I broke my tail bone so bad the bone fused out of place.

I thought we were pretty confident these days that Deinonychus' claws were for piercing and gripping (like most felids or birds of prey), not slicing and disemboweling.

I love that you referenced Princess Bride twice in the first five seconds hell yeah XD

This explains a lot about chicken regenerative abilities

This should have been narrated with "Staying alive" playing at the background lmao 🎶🔥

I wish it were possible for me to find more examples of this because it's so freakin' cool to me.

Glory is eternal, pain is temporary

It still amazes me that these magnificent creatures lived fought and just survived in a world completely different from what we know today.

Knowing what some of these animals went through I’m questioning just how inaccurate a bulletproof indoraptor was.

That Daspletosaurus from the Kirtland formation is now referred to Bistahieversor.

This is exactly the reason why I am going for paleopathology as my Masters... Because the injuries these animals incurred are fricking nutty!

3:08 If I'm not mistaken there has been some speculation as to whether or not these sorts of fractures seen in hadrosaurs may be from copulation

and here I am, taking critical HP damage when I stub my toe

Alternative title: Theropod rib-breaking competition

broken neck and brain case. stan: oh, um.. ow?

"charlie bit me" Dude you just unlocked a core memort

I've seen trail cam of a zombie deer with it's side torn out casually walk past. Its here on yt, if its still up.

You should make this a series

How did Tyrannosaurus even survive all that. And is it safe to say its name is starting to make more and more sense with every study and discovery? Like do we even have any non avian dinosaur that has survived worse injuries, if so please let me know!

"The sample size of these guys is huge and they lived with some of the most dangerous herbivores in earth's history. Cut them some slack, they've been trough enough!" Why do I laugh so much because of that quote?!

Me several billion years later: "Who did this to you?🥺"

I would love to see a video about all of the dinosaurs that we know for sure that we have babies for. From say hatchling to about 5 or 6 years old.

I wonder if we can capture how brutal and scary dinosaurs actually were in a movie Not like jurassic Park but a full on accurate representation of these animals could do

I heard once that Stan's death could be from Arthritis (and that Arthritis itself was a leading cause of death in larger species).

Tbh, the most excruciating death in history probably happened during the Mesozoic. Or maybe it was that guy who messed up the demon core, who knows.

8:36 Broken Jaw from Dinosaur Revolution. Also damn, I didn't know the Pachyrhinosaurus at the Royal Tyrell Museum was missing a chunk of its face.