For anyone wondering he gets iron by reacting iron oxide (the red stuff, rust essentially) with carbon (from the charcoal). The reaction reduces the iron oxide to iron metal and oxidizes the carbon to carbon dioxide. That stuff can just leave the reaction mixture as a gas, leaving (theoretically) pure metal behind. A lot of the time some of the pure carbon will be left in the metal, creating more brittle cast iron. A more vigorous version of this reaction is called thermite, which is the reaction of iron oxide and aluminum. The reaction scheme is a similar redox reaction to the one seen with FeO and C but it is much more exothermic, to the point where it can melt through solid metal.
Was he hardening the iron to steel at the end? Can't he do that by placing the iron into a carbon pit and heating it up, leaving a thin layer of steel?
@@notaprogrammer7970 I think you understood something wrong in the process of hardening (or I your question, sry for the bad english), steel is the alloy drom iron and carbon, his knife propably contains a lot of carbon because of the process he got the steel out of the stones (as said in original comment). In the process of hardening, there are diversifications in the microstrukture of the steel (there is an other microstucture in warm than in cold steel) caused by the fast cooling in water/ oil/ cold air what makes the cold steel having ms of warm steel PS: whats up with my name now ? ;)
@John Kennedy: yes, and that is why civilizations throughout the world regarded so highly of iron. Metallurgy was discovered independently by civilizations throughout the old world and was no less than divine sorcery to the ancients!!! It was regarded as a mystical gift from the gods that changed human civilization forever
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Then after this, he went to the beach and got silica sand. Then he melted the silicon. Then he diluted it and let it crystalize into silicon crystals. Then he used his blast furnace to dope the silicon with phosphor and create an oxide layer. Then he attached leads to them to create transistors and diodes. Then he arranged the transistors into logic gates and created an ALU. Then he designed a CPU around the ALU. Then he built some memory out of the iron he refined to make toroid core memory for the bus system and some edge triggers for IO attached to the IO bus. Then he built a transistor radio and hooked it up to the IO bus with a modulator/de-modulator and uploaded the video onto youtube using packet radio over RTTY.
The amount of ingenuity and sheer determination this man possesses is incredible. The amount of work he put into crafting that knife and chisel is astounding. Until now, I was under the impression that I was a hard worker..... little did I know. Hats off to you sir.
Sorry but this is fake or staged there is no way he got that much metal from that little bit of Iron oxide he put into that first furnace that barely got hot enough to heat metal
I like big blast furnaces and I cannot lie.. and others subers can't deny... but when an itty bitty ball rolls out..In your hand you got iron. Crammer Time!!! ... Whoa whoa!... whoa whoa!...whoa whoa!... whoa!!!... in your hand you got iron. M.C. Forger. *I literally just made that up right now* 😎
Furious Psy-Op I mean, he could, but he'd have to dig really deep underground to find gold! Or find an abandoned mineshaft or dungeon, but even then, there’s no guarantee that there’ll be any gold in the chests.
@@orsoncart1021 you're calling a video out for being fake without proof even though the whole video is right in front of you which is 100% fool proof, idk why you're so mad.
@Sound Money The real money comes from becoming a world-star stripper in remote regions in Wonderland. Legend says 5% of people in California have become lesbian and earn 500k a day.. look around some 7 year old people are still working for Fortnite that doesn't even buy 2% of isis terrorist organization. Obunga Bless America.
These guys not only stole Primitive Technologies channel idea but they steal all his content ideas and even his design of things. Go watch the original not these scammy losers. They just throw the stuff they need around on the floor, in this case iron nodules, and act like they just found them there. Iron is not that lightweight it floats above the jungle detritus, but idiot millennials won't know they're watching a giant scam they're too low IQ for that.
Primitive Technology maybe, these scammers faked the iron, and fake almost everything. That's not how you make iron and there's no way that tiny prill manufactory made crucible steel with an OPEN TOP letting in oxygen like that.
This guy: trapped at the top of a flat mountains... Surrounded with vicious animals... 3 months later... Came down will a full plate mail with an ak 47...
Basically a mansion with its own spa in the middle of the jungle. Okay, that was an exaggeration, I think he used plaster to produce his own cement as well.
Wow, all the good comments are taken. Guess all that's left is to say Thank You for allowing us into your world and amazing us with something that seems second nature to you. Great job.
That rotary bellows thing works so amazingly well. I've watched almost all the primitive channels and this guy i feel has built the most satisfying village thus far.
Using the knife mold itself as a crucible is absolute genius... was wondering how he was going to cast the blade without being able to manipulate the molten metal
Yup - seems like this technique is more effective than primitive technology’s method. Both are amazing channels, but the finished product here is astounding. Wouldn’t have believed it without proof
@@mojoxide Primitive technology is sourcing the iron from bacteria because there isn't any good iron ore in his area, that's why its alot of work for very little iron. It all depends on what material you start with.
This is absolutely amazing and makes me feel beyond amazed at how this came about originally. What insane thinkers had to sit around and look at rocks and say, "That one looks different than the ones we have used. I wonder why." Time passes and probably many painful accidents and....viola, metal! The fact that we have thousands of years of wisdom to stand on needs to not be forgotten in the pursuit of progress.
i think it was the smiths that discovered it. the people that already had experience with copper, tin, gold, etc. so yeah it definitely wasn't accidental and must have taken a lot of failed attempts
@@esben181 what I mean is how did it evolve so to speak. It's difficult to get in the headspace required to start the cognitive process outside of the built knowledge we already have.
@@thomaspybus8468 they knew of other metals and thought that perhaps there were more. some people had meteoric iron before the iron age so that might have enabled them to identify iron ore by finding rust on some rocks. it's fascinating to think about
@@esben181 I feel I am improperly explaining what I mean. The concept I'm getting at is how did people go from stone to metal. Once you have metal, I can conceptualize how to go beyond with others.
Respect to that man for having to suffer the insane amount of knowledge, time spent and free will to make this just for us to enjoy. really, I bow down to you sir.
Good heavens! It is only when seeing the whole process that it dawns on a person precisely _how much_ coal, ore, clay, and intense processing was required. It must have taken months of dedicated effort to produce that chisel and knife. Congratulations! You have definitely earned those tools!
Process was intense, but nowhere near as long as you might think. Check the video about how elders in Africa reenact a bloom smelt with local materials. Takes them about 2 weeks to prepare, that's 2 furnaces, one gets destroyed by rain, so they have 1 left and they obtain a 25 kg bloom or so. If you were to do it with a small group of smiths, I would say: -coal prep = 4 days - gather wood and burn it anaerob -tuileries, furnace and bellows - 2 days to make + 2 days to cook -ore gathering - 1 day -ore cooking + smashing - 1 day -1 day miscellaneous - actual smelting, bloom consolidation and splitting - 1 day In total about 12 days to get a piece of bloom that can be refined in whatever tool or weapon you want. But think about what this advancement meant: humans could craft iron tools, whenever, wherever they lived, in middle of Siberia, in forests of Europe or in the islands of the Pacific. Bronze was very rare and super expensive, since you needed tin (Sn) which is a very rare material. Iron is everywhere, is the most common material on Earth, all it takes is to identify proper red rock, prepare for 2 weeks and then get your own iron tool ! Assuming you could get access to a tin deposit through trade, with Britania for example, it would take half a year before your trade caravan would make it back with the precious tin (only known source of tin in bronze age, afaik)
@@blazingcobra7228 I'm also very suspicious of the metal, that's not how you cast iron and his furnace is nowhere nearly hot enough to melt iron, to make it drip into that slit he made in clay. I believe that's lead or something else. That furnace is about as hot as my grill in my yard, using modern cox coal and ventilation, 800 celsius at most. No flux used, yeah you need 1538 C to melt iron, almost twice as hot as what he used. About 1100 C was obtainable historically, to get a bloom, number needs verification though.
@@blazingcobra7228 He's a bit more subtle, but still fairly transparent for someone that knows metallurgy. Took a class of metallurgy and one for materials resistance in college. Then one of my summer "practice" - we would spend 1 month per year at a plant doing what the workers there did and learn the processes. I spent it at locomotive restoration section of local locomotive plant, where I learned all about melting iron.
I've vaporized brass in a backyard coal fired furnace you guys...I have also melted aluminum with ease. Yes, I know that aluminum has a much lower melting point, but this is not impossible. Of course, I was using a hair dryer, but I didn't even have a breach that wide so mine was burning far less fuel with an equal size circumference stack. So mine was far less efficient. I think it is entirely possible that this is iron. Of course, if he were to put a magnet against it that would have probably silenced the nay sayers. It's hard for people to imagine with their high tech furnaces that you can actually do quite a bit with pure crap. They did it in the iron age though, and that ought to be proof enough.
@@peterlamont647 I'm sorry but I disagree. What you melted is totally in the possibility of a backyard fire pit. Both aluminium and brass have considerable lower melting points than the average temperature of a coal barbeque pit. You CAN do a lot with pure crap, our ancestors PROVED that, problem is, this guy is not using what the ancestors did, because is actually very hard to do and requires a lot of work to build it, not to mention research into air flow, fluxes and furnace construction. He is using a back yard coal pit and COUNTERFEITS the results, so ignorant plebs eat it up, thinking is that easy to smelt iron. IS NOT and frankly is an INSULT to our ancestors intelligence, that actually figured it all out how to do it properly !
103683e How could one person be so dense to believe that I’m pretty stupid and it’s so fucking clear those videos are fake One time they left bulldozer marks and forgot to clean them up
That is a ton of work for such a tiny amount of iron. It really makes one appreciate the industrial revolution. Still its interesting to see how it was done in the old days.
All you need for that is an insulated piece of conductive metal as a battery (very bad, but functional battery) and some conductive wire (preferably copper) and a home made motor.
Great job! 👍 I think I would have probably tried to harden it by heating and quickly cooling in water, but that’s just me. Possibly smelting it with charcoal also might have helped add carbon to it and then a basic hardening afterwards. Would be interesting to see if and how much it improves the final product. This is a great video, shows how difficult it was to produce even a tiny bit of iron. Excellent work!
That was incredible. I've watched a lot of your videos but this was ingenious. You extracted the iron from the stone and made a knife. How did you learn to do that
guys... this video is demonetized. this man has accomplished something no other primitive tech channel has done thus far: he has created a weapon. think about that. the first primitive tech channel to produce something worthy of demonetization. that is an achievement in and of itself. props to this guy, he deserves an award
Youre not wrong, Processing Iron is kinda difficult to make. If you are not carefull in adding the right amount of fuel and ores. You might end up having a Different type of Processed Iron (Casted iron) which isnt that bad of course. But not as good as The actual Processed Iron you would actualy want off.
@vin 950 Right, but the magnet would still have let him extract the iron pellets from the crushed slag a lot faster. No need to search through to find them, either. While I disagree-as you do-that it would've made the WHOLE process easier, or that the change would have been that big in the one part it would help for...but, still.
if you take a magnet and drag it threw a river you get metal miterial but if you smelt it the becomes weak and bridle same here if he did that he would get weak metal
clay specifically. its quite useful. ceramics are a massive accomplishment of human engineering. where you can construct almost anything. water tight properties, heat conductive. all because someone noticed that having a really hot fire turned a specific material orange/red and noticed it change from just being "mud" to being an incredibly useful tool. bricks to make anything, tiles to make roofing, molds to form metal, kilns to cook bread in, kilns to fire ceramic in, fire places to make burning wood more efficient.
CircumcisionIsChildAbuse Did I ask? No. Did I need this information? No. Did I receive Random information that I probably won’t need to know unless I’m an architect? Yes. Is it good to know? Yes. Thx for the information.
@@stevem815 Primitive Technology shared this information with the world... so that other people could use it. Besides in places like China it is considered an honor to copy the masters work.
I love this video and I understand most of the designs and the mechanics of the furnaces, bellows, and the actual forging of the knife, But I need some explanation of how the ore processing works.
No forging, low effective bellows and super a quality steel as a result -- imho, its a fake. You need 1200-1300 C to make steel liquid. There are lots of videos in youtube, people try ancient tech, but it takes much more to get much less quality steel which is very hot, but just figurable to forge immediatly, while he gets a fine metal piece, ready to be honed))
Yes I love it! Teach people how to be dependant on themselves again and to live with the land, not stuck in concrete jungles only knowing how to survive if there's a store to buy it from
@@masterdeep7560 was kind of joking about the concrete jungle ironic reference. You should some of this guy's earlier videos. He makes bricks , mortar and concrete by processing limestone rocks in a clay kiln and actually builds with them. All with tools he made from natural resources.
He doesnt type perfect English so doubt he would want to do all that, just read some of his replys. Don't get me wrong he types good enough English to communicate but not good enough to explain stuff.
It was so simple too! Just a large clump of pig iron pulled straight from the ashes, sharpened to a point, stuck in a stick. Flywheel and bow to increase mechanical powder. Genius!
I have so many questions about the casting stage. How do you get liquid iron in that furnace setup? Why does it not oxidize away, or at least become unusable? How is it not the most brittle cast iron ever? How does the clay not turn to glass?
I'm guessing it's all the coal he's got it surrounded with it. That bit where he's cracking what looks like soft black rocks. Clay doesn't turn to glass. With clay that clean he's pretty much making porcelain molds. Although they don't really vitrify until the smelting process begins.
the carbon from the coal should defuse into the iron to make steel. This is more of a case hardening though. Also clay doesnt turn into glass. Sand does.
It's hard to imagine the struggles our ancestors had. I'm not talking about our ancestors from a few hundred years ago, but, our ancestors from the stone age. There was a time humans didn't even have fire. Fire was probably the single most important thing humans conquered. The control of fire led to safer food, more tools, better control over the surrounding environment, heat during cold times, and more. The reason humans took over the planet is that we are (generally) pretty smart. When we have a problem, we can generally work through it and find a solution. We come up with "crazy ideas" that we can attempt to bring into reality. The ultimate drive seeming to be "ease". Kind of ironic that humans would spend so much time and energy to develop something that is designed to reduce the time and energy needed to do something lol.
