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Progressive VS Interlaced Video Modes and Pixel Aspect Ratio

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Fundamental tutorial for film makers! I am discussing progressive vs interlaced video modes and explain what pixel aspect ratio is and why it is important.
Video Modes: 0:31
Pixel Aspect Ratio: 2:17
You can find a detailed written version of this tutorial on my Surfaced Studio website here:
www.surfacedstu...
I love making complicated VFX tutorials, but decided that it was worth making this tutorial to explain a few very basic video terminology.
Do let me know if anything is unclear or you have any suggestions for future videos! Any feedback is always welcome! :)
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Опубликовано:

27 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 267

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Hey Andy! That's awesome to hear :) Really appreciate the feedback and motivates me to hear that my tutorials end up being useful to other film makers out there! Thanks!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

:D haha, I feel honoured! Thank you very much for the feedback! Great to hear that my tutorial is actually helping other film makers out there :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

:D That's great to hear! I really enjoy feeling like my tutorials are actually useful to people out there :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you're enjoying my videos! The 'rolling shutter' is an issue with the way DSLR cameras record video and unless I'm mistaken, interlaced video mode would show the same artefacts. The main benefit of interlaced is/was that each frame is only half the amount of data to transfer and thus could be captured quicker for a 'crisper' picture. With modern cameras this isn't too much of an issue any more though, so personally I'd always go progressive.

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

@ZJamaican Thank you, glad you liked the video :) I hope to be putting up lots and lots more over the year!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

While I can't 'do' things for you on your project, I am happy to provide help/suggestions as much as I can - just send me a private message. I usually try to respond to any messages within a day :or so )

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

No problem at all :) Glad you liked it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

No plans to stop. Thanks!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

:) Glad you find my tutorials helpful!

@johnhernandez1364 10 лет назад

wow thanks, I finally understand the differences between progressive and interlaced and even learned about the pixel aspect ratio! good stuff.

@SurfacedStudio 10 лет назад

:D Thank you!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Kein Problem :) Freut mich dass dir das Video gefallen hat!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Thank you very much :) Very glad to hear you liked it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

No problem! Glad you liked the video!

@kuckian 9 лет назад

This is something I've never understood until now. Thank you!

@SurfacedStudio 9 лет назад

John Kuckian No worries, glad it helped :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad to hear you got something useful out of the tutorial! Thanks :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad to hear the video helped clear up that question! :)

@DrysenCarsten 11 лет назад

This is perhaps the best informational video I've come across in a very long time - I always knew "Do it this way" but I never understood why - aaand you helped me to finally understand why my motion graphics rendered in AE never wanted to work seamlessly with FCPX. You sir, are my unsung hero of the day.

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

You're very welcome :) Glad you liked it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Thanks. For the export, it depends on what/where you will use the footage in the end. When exporting my videos for upload to youtube for example, I use square pixels as that is the how computers display them :)

@aboyapart4659 10 лет назад

Surfaced Studio Thank you so much for the video. I really liked the illustration showing the difference between how progressive and interlace frames update. I know that the actual details of how the frames update were not shown in the illustration. That is why I wanted to present to you the way I think it does so. For example, in a 1920x1080 resolution TV in progressive mode, i think that every new frame is updated as follows: First, the display grid 1920x1080 means that one has 1080 horizontal lines (each of which containing 1920 pixels). When a frame is being updated, it actually starts updating one horizontal line at a time, beginning with the top line. Only when the top horizontal line has been updated, then comes the second, and when that one is finished, then comes the third, and so on...until the 1080 line is reached. The actual way in which every single horizontal line updates is to update each one of the 1920 pixels in it, starting from left to right. So when the first 1920 pixels in the top have been updated, then the 1920 pixels in the second horizontal line begin to update from left to right in the same manner...and so on, until the last 1920 pixels (of the 1080 line) are updated and the process is finished. The total time that it takes for this process (updating one frame) will depend on the frames per second (fps) rate. Thus, in the case of 24fps, each frames takes 1/24 seconds to update. My second theory is that every pixel in the grid (the 1920x1080 total) updates simultaneously...as is presented in this video (in the progressive mode). I thought you presented it that way just to keep things simple. Since your objectives were to show the essential difference between the two modes, such details were unnecessary. Please let me know which is correct. Thanks

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

I actually removed the music from the middle of my videos if you watch my newer ones :) And I've replaced the one I have. Thanks for the feedback!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you very much - glad you're finding the video helpful! Adobe provides free 30 day trials of both Premiere and After Effects that you can find on the adobe . com website under the 'downloads' section :) To buy the products are a little pricey, but worth the money if you're serious about making videos. If you have the option, you can always get an 'educational' version - it's the same product but meant for students at a fraction of the cost :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you found the tutorial useful :)

@nriab23 10 лет назад

This video was much easier to understand than wikipedia. Thank you very much :)

@SurfacedStudio 10 лет назад

nriab23 Now that's a nice comment :) Thank you!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

I used Adobe Premiere CS5 to edit the video did all the image overlays and special effects in Adobe After Effects CS5 :) I'm always happy to answer any questions and hope it helps!

@GruntCatcher 10 лет назад

the pixel aspect ratio was exactly what i needed to fix my gaming footage issue thanks so much

@SurfacedStudio 10 лет назад

Great to hear it helped :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

That's great to hear - glad you found the video helpful!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

You're welcome :) Glad you enjoyed it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

That's great to hear :) Glad you found the tutorial helpful!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

@sefiebee Yes, it works on the same principle of displaying the pixels row by row rather than all at once :) This way the user will see a rough image first and the lines will slowly fill in with more detail as the image downloads

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you sweet3zoz1! Glad you're enjoying the videos :D

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Lots of cameras support shooting slow motion by using interlaced as opposed to progressive modes :) So 30fps in progressive become 60fps in interlaced mode :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

@DomesticCowboy Thanks DomesticCowboy! :) The camera I use is a Nikon D7000 and I've got a 18-200mm lens on it. I love the quality I get out of it (1080p at 24fps), but it takes more work than a camcorder to use. I'd be wary of any camera that only has interlaced video. You can 'deinterlace' in post, but it doesn't really work well. Best to get a camera that gives you good video to begin with :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

No problem at all, I might not always be available, but I usually try my best to respond as soon as possible :)

@CaptainBungonia 12 лет назад

I use a Sony HVR-Z7 set to HDV 25 frames progressive scan, but I often wondered how its 1440 x 1080 output translated into 1920 x 1080, so thanks for that short, simple yet very informative explanation !

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you :) Yeah, I'm in Australia as well. It's pretty darn cold down here in Victoria at the moment, looking forward to being able to film outside again soon haha!

@dansap69 9 лет назад

Thank you so much for explaining the ACTUAL difference between p and i so clearly!

@SurfacedStudio 9 лет назад

DanJam89 :) Glad you enjoyed the video!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Resolution and framerate are fairly independent actually and it depends more on what your camera supports :) Some cameras can shoot 1080p at 24fps or 30fps or even more. Though most DSLRs, once you get to 60fps, will drop down to 720p simply because they can't transfer that much data to your memory card :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Hahaha, thank you :) Glad you're enjoying them!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Glad you found the video helpful :D

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

That's great to hear - thank you for the feedback :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you :) Glad you liked it!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

You're right actually, RU-vid does support 4K videos since July 2010. Honestly I don't see too much point of that though at the moment, 1080p monitors are still the standard and I am quite sure they will be for a while. And watching anything 4K on your 1080p monitor still just ends up being 1080p - but uses up a massive amount of bandwidth instead haha. Nice to know it's there though, it's quite 'future proof' :)

@waldo8888 11 лет назад

Its amazing how much I learned from your channel alone! Pleeeeeease keep up the amazing work!!!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Thank you very much :) Glad you enjoyed the video!

@chikunfarmer 10 лет назад

Tobias, brilliant as always. You have taught me so much.

@SurfacedStudio 10 лет назад

Thanks for watching! :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Awesome :) Really happy you enjoyed the video!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you enjoyed it :) Thank you!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Yup, assuming the same frame rate, progressive has twice the data rate as each frame updates all pixels in the image rather than half of them :) You can convert 60i to 30p for example. There is still a place for interlaced video, but generally, you'll get much better quality with progressive video :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Thank you :) Glad you found the video helpful!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Haha! I'm glad the tutorial helped you, but I don't work on a schedule and I assume that your school would provide you with sufficient material to learn these topics and get your exam done. I am planning some tutorials on colour correction and grading, but there's never a guarantee when I'll get around to it :)

@joshuapaul612 9 лет назад

Very Well Explained.! I was running out of patience to understand it from Wikipedia.! Thanks for taking time to do this video. Helps a lot !

@SurfacedStudio 9 лет назад

Joshua Paul Edison Great to hear you found the tutorial helpful!

@joshuapaul612 9 лет назад

:) :) Keep doing the awesome videos you always do :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Thank you :) Glad you enjoyed it!

@PVPonTubeYou 9 лет назад

I've just found Surface Studio's channel, and I must say what an excellent tutorial that was very informative and entertainingly presented. Well done - subscribed! The only problem is that I have started to see tiny little men all over your channel! I think I better take some more medication ;)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you enjoyed it :)

@mcmac41186 11 лет назад

I enjoyed the pop up graphics! Great job making the information fun and interesting.

@Apollyion 8 лет назад

Thank you sir! You explained this perfectly, the visual presentation really helped me to understand this! Keep it up!

@SurfacedStudio 8 лет назад

+One Man Army Thank you, glad you enjoyed it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you found it helpful, thanks!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Have you googled 'final cut pixel aspect ratio'? :) I have never used Final Cut myself, so I'm not certain what features are available, but from what I found on Google, it seems that Final Cut will automatically try to match your sequence and video aspect ratios. However, you should be able to access and alter them manually via the clip's Motion tab by changing the Distort field :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

I am not quite sure I understand what you mean. Video (including film) aspect ratio which defines the relationship of the width to the height for the final image is different to 'pixel aspect ratio' which defines the relationship of the width to the height of each individual pixel in that image. According to wikipedia, the most common film (theatre) aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1. What information are you after? :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you :) While interlaced still has it's place in video production, if you're looking into just making high quality videos (e.g. for RU-vid or the like), I'd go with progressive :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Thank you :) I'm using a Nikon D7000 with a 35mm prime lens for my tutorials :)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

:) Thanks! Glad you liked it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Awesome :) That's great to hear! Glad the video helped!

@added23 12 лет назад

thank you. great video. im doing a project on 'the kell factor' and this helped me understand some basics.

@Zymusss 8 лет назад

informative, interesting, and most important - simple ! thanks for the awesome tutorial !

@SurfacedStudio 8 лет назад

+Zymusss No worries, glad you enjoyed it!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Glad you liked it :D

@skyboat345 11 лет назад

Ha! I've been wondering my whole life what these weird lines in moving objects are in video. Finally got an answer!!

@levtube1 9 лет назад

Perhaps someone has already noted this, but there are actually a couple of errors here that I didn't catch the first time I watched it. First, while 1080i and 1080p exist, 720i does not. Only 720p. Second, in an interlaced image only half the rows are updated at a time (odd or even), but they are updated at 1/60 of a second. This is called a Field. There are two Fields per Frame. Thus, both sets of lines (odd and even) are updated for every frame (1/30 sec.). The artifacting you notice is due to the interlacing, but it is caused by the fact that the movement occurs between fields. Progressive writes the lines from top to bottom, so while there is still movement between frames, it does not have the jagged look of an interlaced file.

@SurfacedStudio 9 лет назад

levtube1 Thanks for posting this great information! Yeah, 720i was a mistake on my part. I just wanted some shoutouts for my mini-me's. You can actually notice the progressive scan issues if you film with cameras that use a rolling shutter. You can get a nice and wobbly effect due to the way the video has been recorded. In Interlaced because it records the fields one after another it represents in the jagged edges. With progressive scan the content of your frames simple ends up 'slanted'

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

I will have to see if I get around to that :) I don't think I'll be having much time till end of year. I usually record my video with recorders like the Zoom H1 or Zoom H2N - they deliver awesome sound for their price, that might be worth having a look into :)

@AusNav09 12 лет назад

Ey yeh. Melbourne is very cold. Though where I am Albany,WA it's ridiculously cold! Thanks again and keep up the great work!!

@Mer2990 9 лет назад

Very clear explaination!

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Awesome :) That's great to hear!

@iRAWT 9 лет назад

That was incredibly informative. Thank you for taking time to put that together.

@SurfacedStudio 9 лет назад

iRAWT Designs No worries, glad to hear you enjoyed it!

@AlexBurkeBATTERSKULL 11 лет назад

Hast to be one of the greatest information video out there.

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

That's great to hear :D Thank you!

@AdvaitThakur 11 лет назад

Wow ! Very well explained ! I like the way of your presentation using some animation.

@K9R 12 лет назад

Yep, this is clear and easy to understand. I've become a lot wiser :-)

@visionprods1 12 лет назад

Message sent to your inbox. Thanks you for being so prompt in your communication with your subscribers.

@AndyDaviesByTheSea 11 лет назад

Thanks for the clear explanation. I struggled with a new Sony HDR-CX320, I’ve got it sorted now, the problem was if I record in ‘Standard’ or ‘Long Play’ mode then if I want to edit a ‘freeze frame’ shot in Adobe Premiere Elements 9 I get the squashed image when editing stills but if I record in ‘High Quality’ or ‘Highest Quality’ then I don’t get the problem. The guys on the Adobe forum gave me loads of stuff to read through but I think you got it well covered it in 6 minutes Regards ... Andy

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

Awesome! :) Glad it helped! Good luck!

@jamesmrflexbarnes 11 лет назад

I have a post production exam on Monday and you have helped me understand Aspect pixel ratio better, Thank you, :) Can you do more videos on Compositing, Mattes, Keying, Gamma, Film Scanning before Monday please, Thank you, :)

@dalebauer2398 8 лет назад

i'm taking a motion graphics class and so far everything I've done in my classes, he's gone over. This guy is great. Can I get my diploma from him?lol.

@SurfacedStudio 8 лет назад

+Dale Bauer Probably not a good idea to have me dishing out Diplomas like pancakes. I assume you need a bit more for a certification than watch some RU-vid videos ;)

@areskks 11 лет назад

watching your tutorial is an interesting thing to do!

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

@added23 Thank you very much :) I'm happy the video was helpful! Good luck with your project :)

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

No I don't. I just green screened myself and then placed myself on top of the footage :) Used a little bit of motion tracking to make sure I stick to the shoulder positions. I have tutorials on green screening and motion tracking though ;)

@SurfacedStudio 12 лет назад

Hi there :) I use a Nikon D7000 for most of my videos, but I have recorded with the 550D and a 7D before. What's your problem? Best way to contact me is to send me a private message on RU-vid - I'm usually check those quite often :)

@chrisbarton3374 8 лет назад

Finally a video that answered all my questions thanks

@SurfacedStudio 8 лет назад

+chris barton :)

@stevenkikoen2952 12 лет назад

@SurfacedStudio 3:07-3:10 that's actually incorrect because I read a youtube blog and it said that on july 9 2010 RU-vid had a press conference and announced support for 4K resolution (4096 x 2304 pixels) at 4K is currently the ultra highest video definition since its 4 times bigger than 1080p. Now to watch a RU-vid video at 4K just select "original" in the quality menu if a youtube video has support for that resolution.

@muhzadful 9 лет назад

I enjoyed it very informative

@SurfacedStudio 11 лет назад

:D No problem at all!

@korporalV 12 лет назад

Very good and educational explanation!

@jeetcool35 11 лет назад

too good video ...i was unaware of this things .....thanku so much.....god bless u

@boobalisa 12 лет назад

I prefer 1080i when recording and playing back fast panoramas and moving scenes! Progressive in such situations creates jerky picture. Thanks God that interlace still exists unless industry changes standard to 50/60 frames per second. When interlaced is exported to 50/60 fps ( I suspect each field is turning a frame) lcd displays it in an excellent manner at least on my screen..:) The best for interlace!

@AusNav09 12 лет назад

Hey mate, Are you in Australia? Love your videos. Good technical knowledge without the fat. All the best.