Prosian: How to make an Indo-European language 

ah yes, my favorite PIE branch: Germano-Tibetan

Nooo! Why don't you make /ŋɣ/ > /ŋ/, makes sense considering the Chinese influence and it'd make it very few ancient IE language to have /ŋ/ (other than avestan).

@5:59 After rule #69, #70 is D - softening. Truly poetic.

15:26 you could also have designed it such that it picks up a loan from some proto-tibetan language or old chinese

9:07 "psia" isn't the genitive of pies, it's the adjective. The genitive would be "psa", and it would come after the possessee

I was thinking about a theoretical Indo-European conlang for so long. The only thing i was finding was the "Proto-Carite" thing and now you make this video as long as i subscribed to you recently lol!

Polish also differentiates /w/ and /v/. It's a fairly new innovation, speaking in linguistic timescales at least. The /w/ phoneme is written as (Ł ł) because it used to be pronounced more like a dark L /ɫ/. It started out as an allophone of /l/ and slowly diverged.

All this work, and he could've just used Tocharian

the only use of "barrow" i can think of is "bleak falls barrow," an early game location in the elder scrolls v: skyrim. it's a dungeon that sits on a mountain, so the name fits.

imagine he writes the rules down but deleted the video and a couple hundred later somebody finds the text with the rules and visits those places to find those "Prosian people"

Since it went down to the lowlands of China, you should have considered the Sprachbund nature of languages. That kind of crazy consonant clusters would also have been tonal at this point along with modern Chinese, Mon-khmer, Austroasiatic and Kra-Dai. If not tonal at least tone accented. But with the significance of the Chinese trade, the tonality is not hard to see being developed. The Tibetan branch is currently undergoing a shift to tonality with some dialects.

12:49 you MORON! Chinese separates between the use of a number as a numeral vs. a noun! You HAVE to include the PARTICLE 个 in between six and the noun! Western liberals these days, they act like they know everything, and yet their ENTIRE body of knowledge COLLAPSES under a single tug. You're not just as bad as Bashar al-Assad, you're worse. Lol!

I’m working on a Middle Eastern continuation of Gaulish atm

It would be really cool of you added hints of Sinofication, replacing PIE derived words with mandarin chinese loan words.

3:50 huh, that's interesting. i've never heard anyone pronouncing the "i" in "istanbul" as /ɯ/. it does go back slightly, but not that much. i wonder from where you got that this pronunciation is "very common" because i wanna make sure that i haven't been living in a bubble for all my life lmao edit: well, apparently that way of pronouncing used to be way more common around 40 years ago (my father mentions the speakers on TRT - the national television - when it used to be the only TV channel broadcasting). "diyarbakır" - another turkish city - also used to be pronounced with a back /ɯ/. i guess the younger generations tend to front that "i" more. that is really interesting.

For almost 2 years, I felt no real will to conlang, but with random inspiration in school and this video. I felt part of me come back to myself, so thank you for this awesome video! Edit: What’s sound change 37 called?

Im working on a IE conlang that is heavily influenced by bronze age semitic languages and other stuff, so the grammar is more like a mix od Arabic and Modern persian with unique innovation I actually hd one very influenced by chinese phonology as well, it was tonal

Well done! However, I'd love to see some grammatical changes. Why's the word order exactly the same as in English? No influences of surrounding Sino-Tibetic languages?

i loved this video because im doing the exact same thing so this was so helpful, u should make more videos like this or even better turn it into a series!

wonderful video, genuinely!

I would love a video covering all the sound changes from PIE to English! sounds very interesting

Psia is the feminine nominative of psi, which is a possessive adjective, psa would be the genitive singular of pies.

I really like your video. I am planning for my worldbuilding cultures and languages. Thanks for giving me a tutorial for an Indo-European conlang!

But the optative is so cool :(

Mind blowing! Btw: The phonetic changes look to me as each generation needs to sound cooler than their parents, they make some sound shift. It's so cool to track them and reapply upon material from thousands of years ago.

Very smart, you earned another subscriber

Are you going to make a Swadesh List for Prosian?

I have never truly felt such great amusement from the Great Vowel Shift alone!

You explained nothing basically... Where are the sources to other sound changes? Like how you got the changes in Prosian?

w better call saul reference. btw love the speed you talk at

You should make a video overviewing what turned PIE into Prosian, it would be a nice idea. And maybe also do it for all of the Virhomenian languages…

this video is just what i needed, thanks! i must ask what you site or list you use to see PIE verb and noun declensions because ive been unable to find a reliable one

'oh my god, that was a rush' after having speed-run the forming of 'six' was hilarious, I love your sense of humour LMAO

What is the Prosian for “My hovercraft is full of eels”?

Loved the video! But I'd argue that the reason why galician and catalan converged to a more spanish-sounding fonetics is not "the desire to be close to one another", but the minorization of catalan and galician and the fact that they were forbidden for like ~40 years during the XXth century and (afaik) for ~250y Catalan since 1714

9:05 Polish example should be "Piłka psa". Psia is an adjective similar to dog in "dog park" (park does not belong to dog, dog just describes what kind of park it is)

That was fun. I didn't catch at what point did your language split from PIE. Did it share much significant history with Germanic or went straight East. If they were walking through Persia to China they would probably accumulate a lot of borrowings from languages along the way (like Romani/Gypsy did), probably some early Indo-Iranian at least, and maybe some Turkic and/or Mongolic.

A tour de force. This will be one of the videos I recommend to people to show the extreme level of knowledge and dedication to their art that conlangers can possess. But you do keep using the voiceless diacritic in place of the syllabic one!

A technical issue - please, balance the volume level of a video next time, + it's very quiet in yhe headphones. Thanks Interesting stuff

Wow this is some deep conlanging😮, I Also make conlangs, but I keep it simpler, cause I don't get all those complex IPA and sounds and change rules, allthoug I do have change patterns in some of my conlangs.

Where did you get the list of rules to go from PIE to English? And are there lists for other PIE languages?

Love it!

Is your list of rules unique to Prosian, or is it a more general list from which you picked the ones you likes? I couldn't really follow that part...

as a historical linguistics enjoyer this is bringing tears to my eyes I love it so much interesting how at 18:36 you've gone with 她, Mandarin tā "her", as the word for "the", any reasoning behind that?

Is there a source that lists PIE suffixes and shows what grade they put the root into? Like, how do you know that *-os puts the root into e-grade and *-sḱóror puts the root into zero-grade?

What keyboard settings do you use? I want to be able to type all those cool PIE diacritics and others.

I love the ambiguity of the English "we" because when he said 'we' (3:25 referring to linguists), I got to imagine myself in that category 😊

Phonetically Prosian sounds a bit like the eastern Slovenian dialect Prekmurian.

You mentioned at around 14:23, that there are some sound shifts, that hit multiple branches of the IE language family. Could you share some references to what these are?

Do you have any good sources on Proto-IE?

Good video! But can you link a list of rules you've used (for English)?

I like your funny words magic man

i did this but i literally made up random rules and took words off of the wikipedia page for PIE words lol

Hi would you please have a list somewhere with all those 101 sound changes listed with explanations or something?

already working on my own. it's a direct split from PIE and is heavily influenced by Thai.

Please don't yell "stop" so loudly, I was in my headphones, and my ears genuinely hurt...

How do I find a reliable PIE dictionary?

Why, when listing sound changes, do you jump straight from #6. Word-Final Overlengthening to #9. Vocalisation of Laryngeals ?

Missed opportunity to create unique Hanzi for Prosian words, akin to Chữ Nôm. Edit: Just saw the follow-up video, and... I have a couple of notes.

Where do you get the list of sound changes for languages from? Do you make them yourself?

As a Mandarin and English speaker, seeing an IE language written in Hanzi is sooooooooooo much fun. It helped me understand the adoption of Hanzi in non-ST languages.

2:20 this crazy guy sure did have an interest with a Werner

How can one start learning all of this?

Bleak Falls Barrow?

Really cool conlang! But just wanna point out that the majority of languages heavily influenced by Chinese are phonologically similar in some ways, i.e. monosyllabic, tonal and lack of consonant clusters, sometimes lack of voiced fricatives. Since you also imagined this language using Hanzi as their writing systems, there are some works can be done around this part as well. Let's start with your example sentence. Suppose the phonological changes are similar to Beijing Mandarin (other Sinitic languages don't follow the same paths + easier for me to analyze), Šeks becomes shài (-ks from Old Chinese tend to become the 4th tone, also Beijing Mandarin tend to pronounce -ek from Middle Chinese as ai). Mrtsi becomes qí, step 1: mr makes ts a voiced consonant ds, step 2: dsi becomes qí which is the change happened between Middle Chinese and Beijing Mandarin. Peü-teüües can be split into two words: peü and teüües. Peü might first change into püei, then feī (yes there's also a Chinese version of Grimm's Law but it's pu/bu --> f/v --> f). Teüües is a bit hard, but it can change into tües first, then tüè (-s becomes the 4th tone), then tail, tsiò, then qù or jù (q/j is determined by if the ts sound is aspirated or not). So for the first four words we have: shài qí fēi jù (or qù).

are there any good lists of pie roots and suffixes, or did you just use wiktionary?

Small nitpick about the thumbnail, the clause “和你也会” might be slightly incorrect, as far as I know “和” is for objects on a list and not a conjunction between clauses, so I think “而” would be better suited to translate "and" . But hey, probably nobody else cares lol

Why mix simplified and traditional characters? (擊/击 and 圍/围). Are they Communists or are they not? Are they maybe using their own set of characters like the Japanese?

The audio is abit low :(

😂 “You can’t just Irish Goodbye your way out of PIE.”

I wanted to do it so badly, i just threw japonic out of there (rip japonic, not missing you since i dislike it) and made the japanic branxh but i couldn't get enough info on Proto-Indo-European (probably didnt look hard enough tho), but i still am making some stuff toward it

Now that you have a stable income through RU-vid it's time to finally upgrade your recording equipment!

You can’t say 和你也会 in Chinese. That Chinese in the video panel doesn’t mean “and you can too”, because 和 is a connector for nouns not sentences. The word for “and” that links sentences is 而且, or just a pause. So it should just be 你也会, or 而且你也会, or 你也做得到, etc.

I'm also kinda working on an Indo-European conlang. And since I'm Russian-speaker myself it has pretty complex grammar, like six tenses (three perfect ones and three continious) with the same amount for passive voice therefore four infinitives and seven noun cases with three genders and three declensions (at least the only irregular verb is "to be" and the only weirdly declined nouns are first and second person pronouns: "I-we" and "thou-you"). But since I didn't follow the rules (or rather didn't really care that much how this or that action is actually called) of how the real world languages have evolved from P.I.E. the real Indo-European researchers would either laugh or look askance at me and my creation. Not like I even care though Anyway, what's about phonology - consonants at the beginning and the end of the words become voiceless while in the middle they're voiced (I bet no Indo-European language with this weird feature exists, I took it from Korean) and what about grammar - nouns can easily change their gender without the addition of unneccessary suffixes, especially inanimate nouns (which also isn't pretty much of an Indo-European thing), so, for example, a "car" can be masculine, feminine or neuter depending on the context. Since I've come with idea of this language being from a different world where neither Phoenicians nor Romans never existed it would use it's own alphabet consisting of about 80 letters, but it's not because it has that huge phonetic library rather because the diphtongs and consonant clusters are written with a single letter like we write "x" instead of "ks" or "gs" (but since I can't code I'm gonna write the example text with Latin script) And yeah, for now I use all this complexity only for one silly objective - singable translations of some songs. If anyone interested I can send here one of my translation And finally, the sample text (Schleicher's fable): (Ne-Sholli) na-Avfin mida sinfelsa feidifit theirof Eshof: prefos pordambit so-grafja Carra, tevdoros pherrembit so-masna Cravsa en theirdoros fesle pherrembit so-Sema. Sjek Avfin narrafit Esham: "sherjet mva Serda cham feidju che so-Semos podjet Éshosmi". Tham Eshy narrafeit kxn Ja: "slavze Avfi, naszdory Serdy jegsame sherjeit cham Semos, so-Bodis, sxnasdet eiz avfjena Felsa pher Selba ne-sall Fesdjmeit en Avfin manjet sinfelsa". Slavzife se Innarr Avfin pheigefit kxn Asre

2:41 hol' up, what was rule #17?

Ah, yes, alternate timeline Tocharian lol.

The polish example "psia piłka" is kinda weird. Its technically correct, but no polidh person ever would say "psia piłka" as the dogs ball. We would say piłka psa, that example you said sounds more like a name of something, i dont really know how ro explain it

Of all the conlang showcases I’ve seen…

Chinese on the thumbnail is incorrect. 和 cannot connect 2 independent clauses

13:04 fug :DDD

失业的语言学家？我也是xswl 我希望你用过文言文的词，文言文非常有趣……

Isn't "važmyens" supposed to be spelled with 2 characters? It has 2 morphemes. It's unlikely that the -myens suffix would be present in only one word

barrow isn't nearly non existent, we still have things named it in england

Sounds closer to the European branch of IE than the Indo-Iranian branch.

You forgot about Cole's Law!! You will need cabbage in order to do it tho

dunno why but this gives mad Jreg vibes, still a good conlang tho

How about consider the Chinese influence on grammar on syntax since the Middle Ages, because educated people of Prosian society should certainly know Middle Chinese language and incorporate its features in their native language?

Jesus wept, this is magic

I wonder how doing something like this but from Proto-Uralic would look like

This language sounds like it would be spoken by the gods.

和你也会 → also meet with you/with you can also be Is that intentional? XD Edit: I think it is

bʰréh₁wr̥ was a word for well

Ahhh.....Why do I end up here?

Ah yes, an Indo-European language using Chinese characters Sounds like how Tocharian would be if they were not extinct and is perpetuated till now

Now I get why Lithuanian and Latvian are so cursed.

The final translation sounds like an Albanian/Baltic language with East Slavic influence...

As a Spanish speaker the begging of video was really funny

Come on, PIE had a mediopassive participle in *-mHn-o- 😅

Quite easy actually. First, pick an Indo-European speaking folk. Then divide them into factions by religion, geography or political motives. After that, wait a few centuries. Voalla! You have different nations with different (at least not completely same) languages.

how do you say skibidi toilet in prosian