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Protosuchia: Basal Crocodyliformes 

Dr. Polaris
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Protosuchians were a grade of basal Crocodyliformes that first appear in the fossil record during the Late Triassic and survived until the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Most were small, slender carnivores with elongated erect limbs, with the majority measuring roughly 3 feet long or less. These animals tended to inhabit niches similar to those of the smaller carnivorans alive today such as Mustelids, Mongooses and Felids. Some genera were especially cat-like, including the Late Jurassic Fruitachampsa of the Morrison Formation, which possessed large eyes, a short snout and superficially canine-like teeth. The last members of this group dwelt in the Gobi desert region of Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous roughly 75 mya and probably survived until the very end of the period. Despite competition from carnivorous mammals, these Pseudosuchians continued to occupy somewhat marginal small predator niches throughout the Mesozoic.
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9 окт 2021

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Комментарии : 84   
@SilverGreeneye
@SilverGreeneye 2 года назад
“A crocodile trying to be a house cat.” I love it. I also have a great idea for my next character’s familiar.
@ernestbatiy1070
@ernestbatiy1070 2 года назад
Name it Guillermo
@flavortown3781
@flavortown3781 2 года назад
Imagine just mind swapping a croc and a kitten
@LordLebu
@LordLebu 2 года назад
Some Crocodilomorphs could have developed wheels if they were left alone.
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Haha they certainly were an adaptable bunch so it wouldn’t surprise me!
@KingGiganTitanusROARKing
@KingGiganTitanusROARKing 2 года назад
dinosaurs
@sadpanda57
@sadpanda57 2 года назад
Crocodillies used to be small, leggy and weasely!? Wild.
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Yep, all modern crocodilians evolved from small leggy ancestors that lived entirely on land.
@AnicentLich
@AnicentLich 2 года назад
These are really fascinating creatures.
@georgehunter2813
@georgehunter2813 2 года назад
Protosuchians are more diverse and interesting than today's crocodilians. Modern ones seem so basic and primitive. It's those fully underslung long legs adapted to living on land. Modern crocodilians are biased to aquatic life. Sort of a regression to fish form. Now legs are less important, but the tail is all important for catching food.
@AnicentLich
@AnicentLich 2 года назад
@@georgehunter2813 yeah,protosuchians are really fascinating ,unique and obscure group.
@thelaughinghyenas8465
@thelaughinghyenas8465 2 года назад
Thank you very much for the very interesting content. I am really excited about the next episode. Marsupial lions are one of my favorites.
@robrice7246
@robrice7246 2 года назад
CHimerasuchus has done many videos on ancient crocodilians and their relatives. This type of vid is usually his thing.
@sunlizard9593
@sunlizard9593 2 года назад
Didn’t know this channel existed but I’m glad you mentioned it. Not a lot of people who talk about psuedosuchians
@jointcerulean3350
@jointcerulean3350 2 года назад
Protosuchians are a very awesome and unique group of crocodyliforms, a group I still have limited knowledge on, so it’s really cool hearing more about them. And those limbs they posses really are exceptionally elongated, wonder how fast they would gallop when startled by a large theropod. It’s also cool seeing the basal crocodylomorph macelognathus, and it’s interesting it had rather long digitigrade back legs, which is most typically plantigrade in crocodylians, interestingly it seems to have occurred more so with these older more basal groups, but I could be wrong on that, but I’ve noticed the more earlier derived forms have a degree of digitigrade or semi digitigrade limbs some less so than other or just plantigrade but others have very prominent digitigrade back legs which is quite fascinating. Also even though those Protosuchians are gone we still had three known groups of Cenozoic terrestrial crocodylians, sebecids, planocraniids, and terrestrial mekosuchines. The last known remaining species were small long legged fully terrestrial carnivores Called mekosuchus from the South Pacific going extinct less than 3000 years ago and were also arboreal, and these land crocs were also ecologically very similar to monitor lizards, and even Fiji had a medium sized 3m closely related species of terrestrial mekosuchine as well going extinct 4000 years ago, another cool group of terrestrial crocs. Tho the most terrestrial species for crocodilians that are currently known at this time alive today are the Cuban crocs, dwarf crocs, and dwarf caimans, still hope that a small fully terrestrial mekosuchine still persist in New Guinea or the South Pacific which seems quite probable. Also nice, it’s going to be really cool seeing the marsupial lions, Thylacoleonidae explored, probably my favorite group of carnivorous mammals, super unique as well.
@cornbreadfedkirkpatrick9647
@cornbreadfedkirkpatrick9647 2 года назад
Some of these look like bad CGI movie creatures from the Sy-Fy channel, I know they're not but you know understand what I meant by that.
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
I totally understand what you mean. So many Permian and Triassic animals look bizarre and unlike anything alive today.
@cornbreadfedkirkpatrick9647
@cornbreadfedkirkpatrick9647 2 года назад
@@dr.polaris6423 Oh thank you oh so much, and I've watched some bad movies too
@arthurk1101
@arthurk1101 2 года назад
Yesss!
@daniell1483
@daniell1483 2 года назад
This does a great job of not just describing the animals, but also gives us an idea about their habitat which I really appreciate. It is hard to imagine the primeval worlds these creatures lived in.
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Thanks! It’s true that the Mesozoic really was quite an alien world with animals very different from those around today.
@bradsullivan2298
@bradsullivan2298 2 года назад
Well done Dr. Polaris!
@azzman9947
@azzman9947 2 года назад
another video from dr polaris yessss I was waiting
@chimerasuchus
@chimerasuchus 2 года назад
5:30 That image is actually of Theriosuchus, who was a Neosuchian. That said, they do look fairly similar and having made a video about Fruitachampsa, I can attest that there are not a lot of Fruitachampsa images out there.
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Yeah I realised that after I posted the video!
@manzac112
@manzac112 2 года назад
Dr. Polaris, when you go back to Alter-Earth, I wonder what dinosaurs or other animals are probably going to survive the Toba Supervolcano eruption. That would be very interesting once you get to that part.
@eliletts1680
@eliletts1680 2 года назад
Great video as usual! I am glad that you are sharing the truth and not just repeating that crocodilians are "living fossils"! Crocodilians definitely evolved over time!
@slartibastrafatl2607
@slartibastrafatl2607 2 года назад
i can't wait for your next video!
@kandyeggs
@kandyeggs 2 года назад
I just wanted to spread awareness that there’s an analysis about cereal mascot toucan sam in the middle of this playlist and it’s hilarious to me
@gustavgnoettgen
@gustavgnoettgen 2 года назад
Thank you
@ollieworth7341
@ollieworth7341 2 года назад
Thank you
@JC-mn2ll
@JC-mn2ll 2 года назад
It would be cool to see a video on Limnoscelis
@Alberad08
@Alberad08 2 года назад
Great pleasure to watch!
@cosmo6122
@cosmo6122 6 месяцев назад
I love this channel!!!
@powergannon
@powergannon 2 года назад
Such a shame that we lost out on bipedal crocodilimorphs. It would be lovely if they were around today.
@petrairene
@petrairene 2 года назад
Is there anything known if these croc ancestors really had skin armour as these drawings suggest?
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Yep many of their fossils have preserved osteoderms.
@petrairene
@petrairene 2 года назад
@@dr.polaris6423 Interesting. So that's a feature that all these early crocs had? Though I wonder if the weight wasn't detrimental to a long legged, fast terrestrial predator that were able to escape predation by running away instead of standing their ground. Is it known which croc early ancestors were the first to have developed ostederms?
@chimerasuchus
@chimerasuchus 2 года назад
@@petrairene As of right now the most basal known pseudosuchians had them.
@parallelarc3837
@parallelarc3837 2 года назад
@@petrairene to put it in context, modern crocs can sprint on land upwards of 20 mph. That is also WITHOUT having their legs directly beneath them (modern crocs have them more so just on their side as opposed to beneath). I think an animal that is effectively a non-water croc with its legs under its body would easily be able to run fast whether or not it had “skin armor” (ostederms) I wonder if you are a bit right though, being heavy lends itself more to ambush like predators. Then again, it sounds like this mainly fit the niche of like a mongoose, so it probably hunted how they hunt.
@petrairene
@petrairene 2 года назад
@@parallelarc3837 But for how long can a modern croc sprint?100 meters? The long legged land crocs were clearly built to roam around on land, something a modern croc just can't. Maybe they did not hunt by running things down like a velociraptor or a wolf, but more like a cat that prowls the area at a leisurly pace and then sneaks up on things. If they had a similar color scheme like modern crocs they would have blended in with the undergrowth of ferns pretty well.
@hawkticus_history_corner
@hawkticus_history_corner 2 года назад
I will never cease to be amazed at what happens if you let Crocs alone for long periods. They just turn into an entire DnD monster manual. Kinda like birds.
@joannewatts6501
@joannewatts6501 2 года назад
Thank-you Dr Polaris 🐊❗️
@texaschainsawmass
@texaschainsawmass 2 года назад
This is my favorite topic more about crocodyloform or their ancestor they are like mammals living at the foot of dinosaur but some made it successful in competition with dinosaur like sarcosuchus and kaprosuchus
@connorsantonocito6015
@connorsantonocito6015 2 года назад
I think crocodilians and their relatives and my favourite group of animals to study. Their lineage goes back to the triassic and they show incredible adaptability to fill different niches throughout the ages. There are the wide array of Pseudosuchians which dominated most land animal niches during the Triassic, small terrestrial predators just described in this video, fully marine Thalattosuchia and the current true crocodilians which have dominated their aquatic ambush niche since the Cretaceous. Some neosuchians have even returned to being terrestrial predators during the Cenozoic at different points.
@thedarkmasterthedarkmaster
@thedarkmasterthedarkmaster 2 года назад
I wonder what would have happened if the end Triassic extinction didn't happen or happened differently
@ParagonPKC
@ParagonPKC 2 года назад
I've caught alligator lizards that look exactly like this, must be a tiny ancestor
@petersmythe6462
@petersmythe6462 2 года назад
If they had elevated metabolisms and lived pretty far from the equator and weren't very big... what are the odd they were at least partially covered in some kind of insulation?
@writinghour
@writinghour 2 года назад
Think that's Stegomosuchus at 0:22, from the Portland Formation of Western Massachusetts, near my hometown!
@Pwnagotchi-0
@Pwnagotchi-0 2 года назад
Love it
@sonugoswami8720
@sonugoswami8720 2 года назад
Lovely ❤️❤️
@sachinkainth9508
@sachinkainth9508 2 года назад
These videos are excellent but I am not conversant with some of the terminology used in them. Can someone suggest some videos to me that could explain some of the basic terms and concepts before I come back to these videos?
@Andrey.Ivanov
@Andrey.Ivanov 2 года назад
Hmm...I feel like there is a general shortage of videos on paleontological terms, but a good one that comes to mind is a video on the Ben G Thomas channel titled "A Guide To Paleontological Terms". I think it does a good overview of some of the most frequently used terminology.
@sachinkainth9508
@sachinkainth9508 2 года назад
@@Andrey.Ivanov Thanks.
@martyinsumatra
@martyinsumatra 2 года назад
Dr. Polaris for PM, your slogan should be; Make Arctic Great Again.
@danieljohnson2349
@danieljohnson2349 2 года назад
Dr. Polaris 👍
@stefanostokatlidis4861
@stefanostokatlidis4861 2 года назад
How tall their legs could be? Would they be dog-like, or just like the tallest-legged monitor lizards of today? Also did the ancestors of modern crocodilians have the ability to splay the legs and show some lateral undulation, or did they develop it later? What was their body covering like? They scene competitors of mammals. Could they be the mammals instead of mammals if the former went extinct? We don’t know. But if they were like crocodiles of today, probably they were less flexible than mammals. Probably they would run in a straight line and then bite hard, whereas mammals of the time could have more flexible hands, eat smaller things and be able to manoeuvre in tighter places. Archosaurs seem to tend to develop a stiffer body quite early on their evolution compared to lepidosaurs and mammals. Were they nocturnal? Were they at time when crocodilians lost their biological clock? Modern crocodilians lack a pineal gland and are not sensitive to melatonin, just like cetaceans. It could have arisen in murky water or it could be an earlier adaptation.
@jnusslein6301
@jnusslein6301 2 года назад
I love running crocodile 🐊
@lavabender572
@lavabender572 2 года назад
Really wish these guys survived to the modern day
@Albukhshi
@Albukhshi 2 года назад
@ 5:20 But did it meow?
@raphlvlogs271
@raphlvlogs271 2 года назад
did they lived to gather with pterosaurs like shown in that drawing?
@FlyxPat
@FlyxPat 2 года назад
1:30. There’s something really wrong about that.
@marciajumbo9655
@marciajumbo9655 2 года назад
Whats your favorite Dinosaur
@carmelosaurus7480
@carmelosaurus7480 2 года назад
Mine are Torvosaurus, Saurophaganax, & Carcharodontosaurus! What are yours?
@leemarples1643
@leemarples1643 2 года назад
Raptors all day
@dr.polaris6423
@dr.polaris6423 2 года назад
Dilophosaurus for me!
@Neonblue84
@Neonblue84 2 года назад
@@carmelosaurus7480 Torvosaurus too, Baryonix, divers Abeliosaurs and Deltadromeus. and Ceratosaurus
@asharnygee
@asharnygee 2 года назад
Crocodliyforms!!! Lol they're not dinosaurs, but fascinating nevertheless!
@dirandrous7682
@dirandrous7682 2 года назад
Please do a video on Megalosaurus or megalosaurs.
@writinghour
@writinghour 2 года назад
Seconded
@raphlvlogs271
@raphlvlogs271 2 года назад
they were the coyotes and lynx of their time.
@caracwailya
@caracwailya 2 года назад
Enjoy the channel but the terms "basal" and "derived" are widely misunderstood and misused in these kinds contexts. I recommend dropping it altogether. For instance, late Cretaceous protosuchians were no more basal than late Cretaceous alligators or other members of crown Crocodilia at the time. See "Do early branching lineages signify ancestral traits?" in Trends in Ecology and Evolution for a fuller discussion. Briefly (semi-technical), an extinct or low diversity lineage that splits early in a tree is often but incorrectly called a basal lineage in a lay science context (all over the place on Wikipedia too). Basal species or traits are ancestral species/traits occurring earlier and deeper on a tree, but all species at a give time in history have spent equal amounts of time evolving. Even "early diverging" is misleading. Every split in a tree is a bifurcation and no side of that bifurcation is more basal than another. The only way you can know if one species has more ancestral traits than a concurrent one (from prolonged stabilizing selection) is to compare them both to the ancestor, which is labor intensive and has nothing to do with the shape of the tree. Its also all but impossible to compare non-anatomical traits to ancestors, so even that type of analysis is problematic. Usually its a mix and not obvious (think platypus's basal egglaying habit and derived snout). Monotremes split from non-monotreme mammals at the same time and have been evolving just as other living mammals. If you want to say a species is older than something else, just say that or reference the time period. It's clear and no jargon is needed. "Basal" sounds smart but is too misunderstood to be of any use on RU-vid.
@johnhanover2229
@johnhanover2229 2 года назад
Would watch them run, away from me.
@commonman2866
@commonman2866 2 года назад
the creator would not destroy creation to remake it if it was good the first time ijs. Dinos are sus
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