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Radioactivity: Expect the unexpected - Steve Weatherall 

TED-Ed
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Neutrons don't change into protons. Except, sometimes, they do. Radioactivity is the process under which the nucleus can change spontaneously from one element to another. Steve Weatherall suggests that we acknowledge both the usefulness and danger inherent in harvesting radioactivity.
Talk by Steve Weatherall, animation by Eugene Uymatiao.

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12 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 356   
@LEGOGames1000YT
@LEGOGames1000YT 2 года назад
1:27 The reason that happens has to do with the composition of protons and neutrons. To resume, unlike electrons, which are elementary particles (they can't be divided into smaller things, as far as we know now), protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles called quarks. Those quarks are indivisible, and they're divided into 2 main groups: up quarks and down quarks. A proton has 2 up quarks and 1 down quark, while the neutron has 1 up and 2 down. Via what's known as the weak force of the so-called Standard Model, which describes how particles interact together, up quarks can transform into down quarks and vice versa. In this case, this is why a neutron can transform into a proton: one of its down quarks transformed into an up quark.
@advaitanair9127
@advaitanair9127 2 года назад
Then where did the electron come from? Forgive me for my obliviousness but why does the down quark turn into an up quark anyway?
@srlarsen606
@srlarsen606 2 года назад
@@advaitanair9127 Good question. That's what I was wondering! 🤔
@thewok425
@thewok425 Год назад
whats wrong with your name
@dethuong3107
@dethuong3107 8 месяцев назад
@palak6981
@palak6981 4 года назад
God bless you! You made the concept unbelievably easy to understand.
@froggielover587
@froggielover587 3 года назад
no tf they did not
@iMacBoy91
@iMacBoy91 12 лет назад
What a genius way to explain chemistry! Love it!
@Vaishali-z6c
@Vaishali-z6c 2 года назад
But it's a team !
@TheOnlyHs
@TheOnlyHs 7 месяцев назад
Are you still on youtube?
@aikidy
@aikidy 12 лет назад
very impressive animation with the adorable characters, the Narrator was clear and the video was over all well done.
@metanoia.CHANGE_OF_MIND
@metanoia.CHANGE_OF_MIND 6 лет назад
Alpha: I can penetrate but not much Beta: I can penetrate deeper than you but not deep Gamma: Hold my beer.
@siva-ok9qk
@siva-ok9qk 5 лет назад
Lead block: No you can't
@arthurcampos2815
@arthurcampos2815 5 лет назад
@@siva-ok9qk lead cant block gamma radiation in great quantities
@fromfareast3070
@fromfareast3070 5 лет назад
@@siva-ok9qk fast neutron: But I can!
@canaryskywalker1604
@canaryskywalker1604 4 года назад
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
@mihird2327
@mihird2327 4 года назад
Vogs Life 😂😂😂😂😂😂
@richardbennett4365
@richardbennett4365 8 лет назад
Gamma rays are particles, too. Wave-particle duality. Remember?
@gismosgadgets8343
@gismosgadgets8343 7 лет назад
think quantum ;-)
@princekumare7164
@princekumare7164 7 лет назад
perhaps yes
@toyeshgupta7925
@toyeshgupta7925 6 лет назад
if u take this condition before u wont ever be able to prove its properties. Thus while proving certain properties we neglect this assumption
@theblackreaper4395
@theblackreaper4395 5 лет назад
@@toyeshgupta7925 How can you neglect such a fundamental structure of Quantum Mechanics? If there is a particle for everything, and there's wave particle duality for every particle, then even Gamma particles exist
@mk_rexx
@mk_rexx 4 года назад
"AGAIN, this is not what chemistry has taught us to expect"
@fleek6319
@fleek6319 7 лет назад
that animation is really cute :)
@Trufles1234
@Trufles1234 7 лет назад
muux Especially Americium
@moiquiregardevideo
@moiquiregardevideo 7 лет назад
Nice animation. It is the first time I hear that an atom transmutate to a larger/heavier element. Also, when atom eject 2 protons and 2 electrons, creating helium. Now I remember: helium on Earth comes from radio active decomposition that get trapped deep in rock layers.
@crumbledpaperworks
@crumbledpaperworks 4 года назад
we all learn from TED-ED videos in just minutes than we can learn in school / college in 10-15 years
@victorzhang6859
@victorzhang6859 3 года назад
not rly
@BlackStarXx11xX
@BlackStarXx11xX 3 года назад
I bet nobody told you to set through this video. If this is how school/colleges operated, this comment wouldn't exist. But hey, the school system especially needs overhauling, but I don't see how you can include college because they're far from being the same.
@campbellr5257
@campbellr5257 2 года назад
@@DrDeuteron you're in college and don't know how to spell except
@HamHamDude
@HamHamDude 12 лет назад
This is one of the best-animated videos yet.
@Awakenbeing
@Awakenbeing 12 дней назад
this video is so short yet so powerful in illustartion the alpha, beta and gama particle/radiation happening during radioactivity
@giannieditsvideos
@giannieditsvideos 7 лет назад
You just single handedly caught me up with weeks of science class that I didn't understand because I didn't listen
@ChadtuvaQueen
@ChadtuvaQueen 3 года назад
Bless you, nucleuses in the video! (gives a tissue each to the sneezing nucleuses)
@bellazonna6510
@bellazonna6510 7 лет назад
Actually, there is an easy way to explain why neutrons turn into protons during radioactivity, to explain this, let's go back to a neutrons roots. A neutron is created when protons and electrons fuse. And that explains it. During radioactivity, a neutron loses it's electron, leaving behind the lone proton.
@jetison333
@jetison333 6 лет назад
Enchanted Unicorn are neutrons more massive than protons?
@red5t653
@red5t653 6 лет назад
jetison333 Yeah, but the difference is minimal
@puncheex2
@puncheex2 6 лет назад
Hmmmmm. No, neutrons were created in the aftermath of the Big Bang along with neutrons when the temperature lowered to the level that quarks could combine. An agglomeration of neutrons and protons (an atomic nucleus) has a favored ratio of neutrons to protons. If the ratio is ideal for the nucleus, then it is stable and will last a long, long time. If there are too many neutrons, then a neutron will spontaneously change to a proton and emit an electron (a beta particle) and a neutrino and thereby improve its ratio. The average time it takes for this to happen depends on the difference of the ratio to the ideal - large changes cause quick conversions, while small differences take longer. Neutrons do not "contain" or "have" electrons embedded within them. They have quarks.
@certifiedpeedealer4933
@certifiedpeedealer4933 4 года назад
An electron is a blob of negative charge. This is why they come from neutrons in beta decay.
@rravitejamavr6650
@rravitejamavr6650 4 года назад
Actually in Quantum mechanics, u can see protons & neutrons are created by fusing up & down quarks, they aren't related to electrons which are leptons. Refer standard model chart for more info.
@199NickYT
@199NickYT 12 лет назад
Wow. I learned way more from this video than I thought I would. Thank you!
@karlbergen6826
@karlbergen6826 5 лет назад
For me this is too simple but I have two degrees in chemistry so I would expect it to be too simple for me. Radioactivity has always been with us. It's just been recently that it was discovered. The very slow decay of Uranium and Thorium within the earth is the engine that drives volcanoes and plate tectonics.
@hexius_
@hexius_ 5 лет назад
Thank you for flexing on us my good kind sir.
@workoutmusichuj8801
@workoutmusichuj8801 2 года назад
@@hexius_ thats what i said in my head before i open the replies lmao
@TheFrenchGenius
@TheFrenchGenius 12 лет назад
Not if the electron is emitted from the nucleus. To explain this you need to know more detail. Neutrons and protons both consist of 3 quarks. In the case of beta decay, one of the down quarks from a neutron changes into an up quark, metamorphosing it into a proton. The negative charge lost in the change from down quark to up quark is emitted in the form of an electron. Hope this helps. (:
@StudyFae
@StudyFae 3 года назад
This just made me understand everything 😌
@kingoftangents
@kingoftangents 12 лет назад
Great animations. Gonna use this in my classes... as with a bunch of others of yours. Thanks! :D
@BlondfoxRecords
@BlondfoxRecords 12 лет назад
I really like the sound of this intro, thank you.
@donteven4673
@donteven4673 2 года назад
you're a legend for saying "humankind"
@caterscarrots3407
@caterscarrots3407 8 лет назад
You forgot proton emission where 1 or more protons are ejected from the nucleus(Which can turn carbon-8 into boron-6 and boron-6 into helium-4), neutron emission where 1 or more neutrons are ejected from the nucleus(Which can turn any heavier isotope of hydrogen that is not deuterium or tritium into tritium, beta + decay(where a proton turns into a neutron and a positron which can easily annihilate one of the atom's electrons because the electrons are matter and the positrons are antimatter), and fission(where the atom spontaneously splits).
@abdullahsohail936
@abdullahsohail936 8 лет назад
+Caters Carrots If you are smarter than them why did you watched the video?
@caterscarrots3407
@caterscarrots3407 8 лет назад
+Abdullah sohail I am not nessacarily smarter than them. However I do know more about radioactivity. And I like the animated ted ed videos
@abdullahsohail936
@abdullahsohail936 8 лет назад
so you are smarter than everyone well thnx for general knowledge.....
@happybhai2455
@happybhai2455 6 лет назад
Simply Awesome
@jjhu04
@jjhu04 12 лет назад
knew some of this but wow this is in detail
@vigneshr8917
@vigneshr8917 4 года назад
What a way of genius teach awesome I admire it
@thepencilcunts
@thepencilcunts 7 лет назад
You learn something nucleus every day.
@drbunglenut
@drbunglenut 3 года назад
your name is the best thing i've ever seen
@victorzhang6859
@victorzhang6859 3 года назад
ba dum tssssss
@ChadtuvaQueen
@ChadtuvaQueen 3 года назад
L.O.FRIKKIN’.L
@pikchassis
@pikchassis 6 лет назад
I love your facts TED-Ed! Thank you!
@cagdasyildirim
@cagdasyildirim 5 лет назад
An awesome lesson about Radioactivity. Thank you so much.
@judgenap
@judgenap 11 лет назад
at fati Ati , A Trimix is a breathing gas, consisting of oxygen, helium and nitrogen, and is often used in deep commercial diving . Deliberate entry into the body.
@primeroyal7434
@primeroyal7434 4 года назад
Alpha ray: Helium(+2 ion). Beta ray: Electron Alpha + Beta = Alphabet(a) Alphabet = Helium gas?
@createyourownfuture3840
@createyourownfuture3840 3 года назад
Yeah, ionised helium with symbol 'He+'.
@LosReyesSon
@LosReyesSon 11 лет назад
I love these videos! Thanks, Mr. Weatherell for breaking it down for us!
@LosReyesSon
@LosReyesSon Год назад
@@fishandchips9662 wow I made this comment 9 years ago. Forgot about this video lol.
@TheDarkDrummer43
@TheDarkDrummer43 12 лет назад
I know right, what I learned from a five minute video, I would have to take notes on, do worksheets, and take a test just to learn the same thing in school. (taking like you said about a week)
@nikorahmad
@nikorahmad 2 года назад
Watch it in Dec 2021,. And it's still wonderful explanation with splendid animation 👍
@xavier8820
@xavier8820 4 года назад
Благодаря че превеждате на български 🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬❤️👍👍
@ankitagarwal4572
@ankitagarwal4572 Год назад
Why u speak russian
@ChemicalNerd100
@ChemicalNerd100 12 лет назад
The process when an electron is found in a nuclus of an atom or when a proton turns into a nuetron ect. is called quatum tunneling
@InsiyaAbbas-kl6cm
@InsiyaAbbas-kl6cm 2 месяца назад
Concepts have been cleared. 👍🏻
@sandraswift7280
@sandraswift7280 3 года назад
this video taught me more than my teacher did about this topic
@hitanshioza6847
@hitanshioza6847 4 года назад
Astonishing!
@G33KST4R
@G33KST4R 12 лет назад
So what I learned is 'don't eat radioactive things'. Fair enough, thanks TED!
@suryavikaas5963
@suryavikaas5963 5 лет назад
3:34- alpha ionisation animation is cute
@drenz1523
@drenz1523 3 года назад
nucleus be sad tho
@ky-nu9kd
@ky-nu9kd 8 лет назад
lol i love how he sounds like harry styles from the misadventures of one direction.
@abhsahu
@abhsahu 3 года назад
What a animation sir Love your work🙏🙏🙏
@susavet
@susavet 4 года назад
You can also generate electricity from ionizing air, because it also emits electricity, and can be harvested.
@ahmedosta
@ahmedosta 8 лет назад
just thank you ..
@ourcsi
@ourcsi 12 лет назад
That was a great animation!!
@Malactivity
@Malactivity 11 лет назад
Love the video, Mr. Weatherell. It's detailed, and yet the information is expressed in an incredibly simple way through the animation and explanation. :)
@mihdrile
@mihdrile 6 лет назад
this is so smooth for 2012
@SteveWeatherellplus
@SteveWeatherellplus 11 лет назад
Thanks for that Rajit. How are you doing and where are you now?
@Prelude610
@Prelude610 12 лет назад
Thanks. Well done.
@zegamingcuber857
@zegamingcuber857 9 лет назад
Light is actually a particle (a photon) that behaves as a wave
@MatthewJacobus66
@MatthewJacobus66 9 лет назад
+Aidan Berry Light is a wave that behaves like a particle
@TheBasikShow
@TheBasikShow 9 лет назад
+Aidan Berry But really it's just a wave pretending to be a particle that acts like a wave.
@irrelevant12
@irrelevant12 8 лет назад
+Aidan Berry particles have mass, light doesn´t have mass when we measure them, might be because it is only a particle during very short periods of time. so if a particle that dissapear for 99.9....% of the time can still be considered a particle?
@ElBarbonn
@ElBarbonn 8 лет назад
+benkeiaa kant its just a wave pretending to be a particle that acts like a wave, and a particle, but is a i dont know why you are reading this, i got my penis stuck in a toaster
@4fingers183
@4fingers183 8 лет назад
+Aidan Berry ...if you only knew what you said...oops, what they say
@fatimafal866
@fatimafal866 11 лет назад
As I think , Helium is dangerous only if it enter to the body , it has a serious effect on cells ,but if it stays outsayd the body , like in the ear , it can't hurt . in another way Alpha can be stoped by skin , but if the food 4 exemple contains Radioactive materials such like Helium , it becames dangerous . At least this is what we have studied :)
@aducksecho
@aducksecho 12 лет назад
Good job. Well done.
@ethanswazie6660
@ethanswazie6660 8 лет назад
nice animation Eugene
@YoozYoNaym
@YoozYoNaym 12 лет назад
this practically summarized a week of physics lessons for me.
@isaacibrahim9381
@isaacibrahim9381 3 года назад
أنا أشكر صانع الفيديو بحق،انا في الصف الثالث الإعدادي و هذة المعلومات ساعدتني
@AlphaDomeLP
@AlphaDomeLP 9 лет назад
woooah this smoke detector looks EXCACTLY like the one in my room O.o
@kevinoshannahan4826
@kevinoshannahan4826 10 лет назад
what about positron emission (b+ decay)?
@Tinky1rs
@Tinky1rs 9 лет назад
kevin O'Shannahan proton → neutron + B(+) + elektron neutrino. Probably takes too long to talk about neutrinos in the video as well.
@jonathanschossig1276
@jonathanschossig1276 8 лет назад
Why not talk about Beta-Beta- or Beta+Beta+ or EC or ECEC or SF
@Hungtran79237
@Hungtran79237 6 лет назад
Anti-Alpha!!!when the anti heavy elements are decaying
@aliasyr95
@aliasyr95 12 лет назад
This video is awesome. I have a test about this in a week..it should be easy now :D
@karthikps4268
@karthikps4268 10 лет назад
sir, that was a wonderful explanation most of my doubts are 100% clarified but raised few more doubts i wish u answer n clarify me. 1. if a neutron emits some alpha beta or gamma particle and turns into a proton then the stability of the atom wont balance. i mean to say no of neutrons wil b less than no of protons in the nucleus 2. u said helium nucleus does it mean only nucleus without any electron around it can any atom exists without any electron.
@haleffect9011
@haleffect9011 10 лет назад
1) the reason an atom is radioactive is because it is unstable in the first place. the neutron turns into a proton in an attempt to re-balance the nucleus 2) no, the alpha rad is He2+, ionised He gas, so no, it doesn't have any electrons
@karthikps4268
@karthikps4268 10 лет назад
Hal Effect thank you now i get it. :)
@loulunaloopy6698
@loulunaloopy6698 9 лет назад
Can I Just point out, through out the video all I thought about was the fact that Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Made me think of Teen Wolf and werewolves because an alpha is the leader of the wolf pack the beta is the second in command, a gamma is a like a trainor or a third in command. There are also Omegas, deltas etc..... ---( in werewolves not science !) i just thought everyone should know that :3
@pingo1387
@pingo1387 6 лет назад
This is really interesting, and now I'm wondering that if we could have the power to remove protons at will from an atom, we could physically change a substance into a different element... but I'm not a chemist, so I don't know if or how that would be possible. One other thing I wondered---at the end, the instructor claims the radioactive particles of gamma waves can't enter your skin and are only dangerous when inhaled or ingested. But can't anything oscillating faster than visible light (ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma) pass through our skin? After all, plenty of people get skin cancer from too much sun. Saying the particles are only dangerous if entering orally sounds like one of those 1950s atom bomb safety warnings...
@ardijan706
@ardijan706 5 лет назад
You're thinking of alpha particles. Gamma rays are the ones that are stopped only by very thick lead shielding or several feet of concrete, water or soil. Basically, alpha isn't anything to worry about unless you eat it or inhale it.
@Malactivity
@Malactivity 11 лет назад
Hi Mr. Weatherell, just noticed I hadn't replied to this for a really long time :). I'm doing fine, just completed half a year of National Service and about to begin studying Medicine at the National University of Singapore. Hope you're doing fine too, I do still remember some of your more memorable lessons :D
@learnnew1417
@learnnew1417 2 года назад
Hey I loved that sneezes, but I don't expect to happen that around me!
@sisliman1031
@sisliman1031 6 лет назад
I have used your video in my project
@want-diversecontent3887
@want-diversecontent3887 6 лет назад
If something emits 1 alpha and 2 beta, can you get a radioactivity-made helium atom?
@toyeshgupta7925
@toyeshgupta7925 6 лет назад
how can an element change by emitting a electron. We have read that nucleus of an atom comprises of neutrons and positrons which further comprises of up quarks and down quarks. Exchange of nuetrons lead to change in charge.
@JaHuProductions
@JaHuProductions 11 лет назад
If a neutron turns into a proton adding a proton to the nucleus, shouldn't there be a new electron to stabilize the atom?
@vaculy
@vaculy 6 лет назад
animation is very good
@MunaKumar96
@MunaKumar96 7 лет назад
beautiful
@mihaleben6051
@mihaleben6051 8 месяцев назад
Yeah... radioactivity is just particles Alpha decay... Is letting out helium, for some reason ... Just so you know. Uranium itself can not kill you. The decays can. I think? Im unsure of how this works. But i have explored this a lot.
@sendiulo
@sendiulo 11 лет назад
No. Don't get sucked in by the idea that learning is boring and stops after school. Learning stuff can be awsome when you are not obliged to!
@bhushanjadhav6578
@bhushanjadhav6578 4 года назад
That animation is fantastic guys💥🔥❤️❤️
@JohnToomeyFolie
@JohnToomeyFolie 12 лет назад
This is the 4th time TED have covered a topic as I'm doing it in school. I am beginning to feel a bit creeped out. =P
@blubberinghumdinger35
@blubberinghumdinger35 11 лет назад
Thank you, great animation :)
@richardbennett4365
@richardbennett4365 8 лет назад
When the neutron changes into a proton and an electron and an antineutrino, why does the electron fly out of the nucleus? Wouldn't it want to stay closely associated with that nice positive charge that just appeared? Opposite charges attract, not repel.
@TheNipanen
@TheNipanen 8 лет назад
+Richard BENNETT If I remember correctly, the electron has a lot of kinetic energy when it is created so the electric force simply isn't strong enough to keep the electron there.
@jdmcharliee
@jdmcharliee 12 лет назад
I wish they had this in high school I would of paid way more attention..
@Kriegerdammerung
@Kriegerdammerung 8 лет назад
1:42 why the number 101 is related to "rules" for a specific subject?
@tylerhuck2829
@tylerhuck2829 7 лет назад
In most universities and colleges around the world, 101 denotes an entry-level course, filled with the basic knowledge for a given subject.
@RodrigoOrihuela
@RodrigoOrihuela 12 лет назад
Awesome.
@aciddrinker2194
@aciddrinker2194 6 лет назад
very useful
@wilsonkennedy1530
@wilsonkennedy1530 6 лет назад
Amazing
@litojonny
@litojonny 12 лет назад
fuck this essay time to watch 1000 ted videos
@hppraveenkumar6014
@hppraveenkumar6014 4 года назад
Loved it
@Tupster
@Tupster 11 лет назад
Yes, you could imagine it like a lump of lead is not dangerous unless it is fired out of a gun.
@crystalwaters8714
@crystalwaters8714 4 года назад
Amazing BRILLIANT LOVE IT👍🔥U HAVE OUT DONE YOURSELF AMAZING
@JeremiahPavkovich
@JeremiahPavkovich 12 лет назад
Yeah I'm racking my brain about that one. I'm no chemist but that seems incorrect. Care to comment @TedEd?
@mihaleben6051
@mihaleben6051 8 месяцев назад
1:48 there are two elements named after a concept They are almost the exact same. Like. Radium and radon are very ridicolous.
@deepsaha6676
@deepsaha6676 5 лет назад
This took my teacher a year to teach me this concept 😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁😁
@LeadingWay
@LeadingWay 12 лет назад
learned something finally
@ArkhBaegor
@ArkhBaegor 12 лет назад
That heat has nothing to do with radioactivity, it's just the flow of electrons being resisted by the components in your computer creating energy (heat in this case) because energy is conserved.
@98kikic
@98kikic 12 лет назад
Very nice, do you think it possible to use the natural radiation of Alpha to solve our helium shortage?
@777nazgul
@777nazgul 11 лет назад
Good video.
@shunnedtoast2299
@shunnedtoast2299 5 лет назад
Is it just me or did the guy change voice from 4:06 about to 4:16?
@blmandar
@blmandar 5 лет назад
Now, that's a real joke.
@juanhondubrata758
@juanhondubrata758 6 лет назад
so the electron that is flung out is made up of protons and neutrons? how does that work?
@toyeshgupta7925
@toyeshgupta7925 5 лет назад
in particle physics we have read that neutrons and protons are made up of quarks(combination of up quarks and down quarks) and electron is lepton. Then how can a neutron which is made up of quarks can emit a lepton while converting to a proton. (2 down quarks + 1 up quark)(neutron) = [(2 up quarks + 1 down quark) (proton)] + [1 lepton (electron)]. How is that even possible???
@Umadbrah
@Umadbrah 3 года назад
Through decay. You are thinking of things as having fundamental building blocks, they dont. Electrons are a by-product of decay.
@gabor6259
@gabor6259 6 лет назад
At 1:16 that is not the Greek letter beta, that is the German letter sharp s.
@cat-des650
@cat-des650 2 года назад
Love the contant ❤️❤️❤️
@rotate85
@rotate85 5 лет назад
The diagram seems to indicate that an electron has a diameter. I think this is incorrect.
@rampage3390
@rampage3390 5 лет назад
Does radiation travel only forwards?
@aharinparvin
@aharinparvin 5 лет назад
Its very interesting.
@isabelmartinaadriancarrasc1640
What does he mean when he says the proton stayed behind??
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