The video has subtitles in Russian, English, Greek and German.
After marking (for more details, see part 7 of the reconstruction of the old stone house), we proceed to the construction of the walls of the old house. The house will consist of two parts: the old walls of the house, built with old masonry of untreated stone on sandy-clay mortar and new walls of the house, built of processed new and old stone, with cement-lime mortar.
We have set up corner stones and are laying two-sided walls in rows. At the same time, corner stones serve as beacons for us. We set all corner stones along horizontal beacons, along strings, and along vertical beacons, by level. We expose the front masonry stones along the threads.
When placing corner stones, there is a secret: after placing this stone, we immediately pull a thread over it, the ends of which are fixed on the next corner stone and on the old wall of the house. And only then we set the corner stone to zero, so that it serves as a reference point for the masonry of the entire row and the following corner stones. Thus, the master clearly sees the edges of the corner stone relative to the perimeter of the house.
We wedge large masonry stones. See the link stonesuccess.v... for information on how to correctly make a wedge.
The dressing in the masonry must be inside and outside the wall. Moreover, the “tail” of each stone should go 25 - 50 cm deep into the wall as much as possible (see part 3 of the reconstruction of an old stone house on clay).
We laid one row of masonry - we immediately fill it up. We also put all small and large stones backing with dressing!
When laying stones with a hammer, tap each stone on top to ensure maximum adhesion of the stone to the mortar. So that the solution tightly envelopes all external cavities and irregularities of the stone. So the masonry becomes a monolith, without air locks inside. For a lesson on how to tap, see stonesuccess.v....
We also hammer slightly sharp corners in the stones with a hammer so that the stones look better in the masonry.
In general, it is better to learn to build from stones without processing at all, as the craftsmen used to lay in the old days. After all, there are no bad stones - each, absolutely each stone can find its place in the masonry! Therefore, it is not at all necessary to process the stone in the form of a brick - of course, depending on the masonry.
During the laying of the stone, the mortar constantly settles. Therefore, each time, before putting a stone in the masonry, it should be mixed with a trowel, and only then it should be picked up on a trowel and put into the masonry (this should become an automatic action of the master). So the mortar becomes more elastic and homogeneous and the stone sits gently into the masonry.
The composition of the stone mortar that we use in Greece:
cement М500 1: 6 screening (stone, crushed into sand),
lime (for the elasticity of the solution),
water consistency.
If you are going to put stones on cement-lime mortar in a different climate, you can use the composition of the mortar that local builders use as a basis, even if they are laying ordinary bricks.
The mortar for backfilling the masonry must be made slightly thinner than the main mortar so that it can easily flow around the stone from all sides.
We installed crossbars, both old and new, in the door and window openings, because the renovated house has more windows. We do not drill or drive reinforcement into the stone and we do not advise you, because the reinforcement tears the stone! If you cannot do without reinforcing material, then take the reinforcement from copper or stainless steel, but it comes out more expensive. We build without reinforcement, on good cement mortar. Horizontal slopes-crossbars should be laid with a slight slope towards the street so that water does not accumulate over a door or window opening, but rolls down. See the link stonesuccess.v... for master classes on how to correctly expose door and window stone horizontal and vertical slopes-crossbars.
We connect the old wall with the new wall by adjoining one wall to another. The secret of joining the two masonry is that the end of the old wall, to which we will complete the new wall, must be constantly watered. Water improves grip.
On top of the walls we fill in an armored belt, which pulls the masonry together, and the old and new walls finally form a monolith.
For more information on the reconstruction of an old stone house, see the website stonesuccess.v...
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28 сен 2024
