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Relational Database ACID Transactions (Explained by Example) 

Hussein Nasser
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ACID are four properties of relational databases, Atomocity, consistency, isolation and durability, and I think anyone working with a relational database like postgres, mysql, sqlserver oracle, should understand these properties. In this video, we will go through the four properties and explain why each is critical to make a relational database we will also talk about why some people are moving to NOSQL database
Chapters
0:00 Intro
2:00 What is a Transaction?
4:30 Atomicity
7:00 Isolation *
9:30 Isolation - Read phenomena *
11:40 Dirty Reads
14:40 Non-repeatable Read
17:00 Phantom read
18:53 Isolation Levels*2
19:20 Read uncommitted
19:55 Read committed
21:05 Non-repeatable Read
23:40 Serializability
25:00 Isolation Levels vs Read phenomena Table
27:45 Consistency
28:30 Consistency in Data
33:50 Consistency in Reads
35:00 Eventual Consistency
40:30 Durability
Atomicity
All or none. if a failure happened during transaction, db failure, or one of the queries failed.
Example
Isolation
Concurrency, is transaction isolated from other inflight transactions? if a transaction is in flight does it see changes from other inflight transactions? Does is it see any changes? Does it only see committed changes. Does leading to inconsistent results.
Problems arising from isolation (read phenomenons)
- dirty reads
- Non repeatable reads
- Phantom reads
Isolation levels
- Read uncommitted
- Read committed
- Repeatable read
- Serializable
Durability
When I commit a transaction does my changes stay durable after the database restarts/crashes etc.
See if your data still there.
Consistency
Consistency from referential integrity keys
Does the number of likes on a picture = the number of rows that the picture got on another table? If a delete a picture does all the likes of that pictures go away on the other table.
Consistency in reads
If I committed something does everybody see it immediately or are they going to get an old value?
Consistency in concurrency
Is the view of a transaction in flight consistent? Are other inflight transactions making changes to the database affects that transaction view?
Slides and resources for this course and all my other courses are available for members of the channel consider joining by clicking the join button 😊 You also get access to my udemy courses for free
Stay Awesome!
Hussein

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4 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 152   
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Get my Fundamentals of Database engineering udemy course, head to database.husseinnasser.com for a discount coupon Timestamps 2:00 What is a Transaction? 4:30 Atomicity 7:00 Isolation * 9:30 Isolation - Read phenomena * 11:40 Dirty Reads 14:40 Non-repeatable Read 17:00 Phantom read 18:53 Isolation Levels*2 19:20 Read uncommitted 19:55 Read committed 21:05 Non-repeatable Read 23:40 Serializability 25:00 Isolation Levels vs Read phenomena 27:45 Consistency 28:30 Consistency in Data 33:50 Consistency in Reads 35:00 Eventual Consistency 40:30 Durability
@justsaysharu
@justsaysharu 3 года назад
This is pure GOLD. Literally, one semester subject knowledge in less than an hour! Crazy-or-what :D
@bhavanprajapati4773
@bhavanprajapati4773 4 года назад
please make videos on indexing and normalization.
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
2:00 What is a Transaction? 4:30 Atomicity 7:00 Isolation * 9:30 Isolation - Read phenomena * 11:40 Dirty Reads 14:40 Non-repeatable Read 17:00 Phantom read 18:53 Isolation Levels*2 19:20 Read uncommitted 19:55 Read committed 21:05 Non-repeatable Read 23:40 Serializability 25:00 Isolation Levels vs Read phenomena 27:45 Consistency 28:30 Consistency in Data 33:50 Consistency in Reads 35:00 Eventual Consistency 40:30 Durability
@pratikmakune2881
@pratikmakune2881 3 года назад
Thanks a ton for the gold standard content. I have a question though, In Atomicity, you mentioned if the $100 debited and then the DB crash event occurred, after restart it was $900 w/o credit update query, so when will the rollback occur? After the DB restarts as it seems like if DB crashes, what happened to the Tx state, is it lost or recovered after restart?
@jinendrakhabiya2646
@jinendrakhabiya2646 3 года назад
Best video on ACID properties. Thanks!
@ameyapatil1139
@ameyapatil1139 4 года назад
No way ! No way someone makes a video so good ! Thanks !
@hashem467
@hashem467 4 года назад
I wish you were my uni professor 😂
@bs7448
@bs7448 Год назад
The best ever tutorial on such a complex topic. Thanks 🙏
@pratiyushprakash6509
@pratiyushprakash6509 3 года назад
This is incredible. I have watched so many of your videos in just few days. Hope you keep making these great content.
@sumeetracharla9316
@sumeetracharla9316 4 года назад
you are really a talented person,one of the best video's i have seen in my life :)
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Thank you Sumeet, ! 🙏 I still think I have ways to go. We need to be able to keep an open mind and keep learning.
@emiliosoto6521
@emiliosoto6521 Месяц назад
You are a professional at teaching. Thank you !
@ary9344
@ary9344 19 дней назад
Just discovered your channel yesterday, thanks for your videos! I love the way you explain things, not only the what, but also the why, showing us how to think, this will help me in my first job interview :)
@parasarora5869
@parasarora5869 3 года назад
Never knew these important things about database. Thanks for such a great explanation !! 😇
@sagartyagi2450
@sagartyagi2450 3 года назад
I used to watch a lot of tech videos before discovering your channel. Now I just want everything to be taught by you, you're a legend sir. Can we please make a video about Distributed Database? I'm really interested in knowing how do we prevent concurrent writes/updates in a distributed db.
@aduonye
@aduonye 4 года назад
I enjoyed every bit of your lecture especially the lucid examples. Well done! I will be glued to your channel for a long time.
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Thank you Aduonye!! Enjoy the content ❤️
@KenanCasey
@KenanCasey 6 месяцев назад
Great video! You explained a deeply complex topic really nicely. Thank you.
@luizdebem
@luizdebem 2 года назад
Thank you so much Hussein! Great class!
@wh264
@wh264 3 года назад
The Isolation part is very interesting. Great examples to help me remember. If I can give a suggestion, a summary at the end to tie all things up would help me remember even better. I'm subscribing and liking for more!
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Thanks for the suggestion ❤️ great idea
@cw5948
@cw5948 4 года назад
You've got some amazing content here! Good mix of breadth and depth for the topic discussed especially when analyzing isolation. Looking forward to viewing some of your other videos in the playlist, particularly if there's anything comparing SQL and NoSQL databases.
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
cw Thanks cw Im glad you noticed because that is what Im doing, trying to go breadth and when I find the topic interesting or on demand I go deep. I am planning to do some more DB videos love those ... thanks for your comment enjoy the content!
@machaallahmariam3162
@machaallahmariam3162 3 года назад
@@hnasr thank u
@amlanbiswas4526
@amlanbiswas4526 4 месяца назад
​@@hnasr I have a query. When you say versioning, do you mean MVCC? Also, I see that MVCC uses exclusive locks unlike 2PL (uses shared and exclusive) for updates and actually is more difficult to implement and have to address all the anomalies like handling edge cases. For instance, using MVCC, Oracle can only offer Snapshot Isolation, not Seralizable, which has Write Skews. Then, does MVCC still stop Phantom Reads and how?
@fernard8985
@fernard8985 2 года назад
Fantastic explanation, I was finally able to understand the isolation level concept and hopefully grasp it. Thank you very much, I have failed the ACID question during several interviews, what eventually led me to your material. Keep up with the great work!
@hnasr
@hnasr 2 года назад
Glad it helps! I also go through more examples and more details on my fundamentals to database engineering udemy course.
@devyetii
@devyetii 3 года назад
Reached the end 🎉 .. Thanks for the great content ❤️
@salmanbaig8088
@salmanbaig8088 3 года назад
Liked your clean examples and Hollywood' style of teaching
@saoudahmedkhan2549
@saoudahmedkhan2549 Год назад
Thanks, men Thanks a lot for such type of content. this is really appreciated. JazakAllah
@nagame859
@nagame859 4 месяца назад
This is quite exceptional!! Thank you soo much!!
@ignacioherrera299
@ignacioherrera299 3 года назад
Your videos are amazing, great content and marvelous arrangement, thank you very much!
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Thank you very much!
@yarden2096
@yarden2096 17 дней назад
Great video!! I was looking for something like that
@SwetPotato
@SwetPotato 4 года назад
Thanks for clarifying all these. ACID was only on one slide in my Uni database subject and now we are asked to write something about it as part of an assignment.
@xiaotianyang6572
@xiaotianyang6572 4 года назад
UTS?
@jayjay7333
@jayjay7333 Год назад
Best resource to understand acid tranction
@InvincibleMan99
@InvincibleMan99 Месяц назад
Hats off to you. God bless you
@omarkamel9116
@omarkamel9116 9 месяцев назад
Great way of explaining complex things
@mind77749
@mind77749 4 года назад
wow really nice video, watched all and repeating many parts to understand better. More than one hour is gone! Really love the video!!
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Thank you! Glad you are enjoying the content and happy you didn’t get bored 😅
@mtnrabi
@mtnrabi 10 месяцев назад
Amazing piece of content bro. Love that you bring examples and use-cases for each topic, because without a problem those don't worth a whole. Hoping to more see videos like this one from you :)
@Amitexpresses
@Amitexpresses 9 месяцев назад
His accent is irritating
@QuanNguyen-xq1jo
@QuanNguyen-xq1jo 3 года назад
you re awesome ! it helps me understand DB transaction easily
@Sujankumarreddy
@Sujankumarreddy 3 года назад
Why my University doesn't have a professor like you :( You are AMAZING! Thanks for the great content.
@Amitexpresses
@Amitexpresses 9 месяцев назад
His accent is irritating
@amlanbiswas4526
@amlanbiswas4526 4 месяца назад
@@Amitexpresses your comment is irritating
@cymi2607
@cymi2607 Год назад
Thank you so much! amazing video!
@danielschiffers9696
@danielschiffers9696 3 года назад
Hey, thanks man! Really liked the video made allot clear.
@vishalsrane
@vishalsrane Год назад
Thank you for this video.
@siddharthsrivastava3961
@siddharthsrivastava3961 3 года назад
Awsome.. the way you explain things is awsome..👍👍
@benjaminkovackeber
@benjaminkovackeber 4 года назад
This is a very good video, thank you:)
@B-Billy
@B-Billy 3 года назад
Boss level stuff!!! To the point.
@abhishekbanerjee6140
@abhishekbanerjee6140 Год назад
This is just Gold mate.
@hnasr
@hnasr Год назад
enjoy!
@mohamedswialm7534
@mohamedswialm7534 Год назад
thanks for sharing Hussein !
@AbleToLiveHere
@AbleToLiveHere 3 года назад
The best. As usual. Thank you
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Thanks!!!
@krishnasumanth007
@krishnasumanth007 2 года назад
Good one. I was unable to get much on lost updates concept here.
@user-lo6ed2kp2s
@user-lo6ed2kp2s 8 месяцев назад
Amazing content. thanks!
@chenjun4151
@chenjun4151 3 года назад
really really really clear explained and helpful!
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Happy to hear that!
@santoshbhatnagar2155
@santoshbhatnagar2155 11 месяцев назад
This video literally cleared my fundamentals, have read about this in college, didn't get it clearly understood. Thank you @hussein nasser
@user-EricLin0619
@user-EricLin0619 2 месяца назад
It's a golden channel
@alexchernenko4901
@alexchernenko4901 3 года назад
thanks! It's super nice and clear :)
@SachinDolta
@SachinDolta 3 года назад
Finally understood what ACID is
@varunkumarsingh758
@varunkumarsingh758 Год назад
Thank you 🙏
@dgen77
@dgen77 11 месяцев назад
Thank you brother
@ahmedsallam2868
@ahmedsallam2868 8 месяцев назад
Thanks for your great content :)
@dan-vw4ve
@dan-vw4ve 4 года назад
awesome video
@emmanuelonyebueke544
@emmanuelonyebueke544 2 года назад
Hussein, you are amazing
@raj_kundalia
@raj_kundalia 6 месяцев назад
thank you!
@marralizakrs2247
@marralizakrs2247 3 года назад
i love you so much bc you are so funny and helpful
@chrisye2183
@chrisye2183 2 года назад
Awesome! can you make video to explain difference between SQL and NoSQL ?
@kirillzlobin7135
@kirillzlobin7135 4 месяца назад
33:26 I remember the time when on RU-vid we could see the "exact" number of subscribers and how I refreshed the page after several seconds on the channels with millions subscribers and this number chaged. Now I understand why they moved from this way and started just showing "5M" for example
@jiayuhe8659
@jiayuhe8659 3 года назад
great video!
@emilmatei2258
@emilmatei2258 3 года назад
very good video, the only thing I would like clarified is if there is a reason to store the image in the db as blob as in the example.
@aymaneharmaz7126
@aymaneharmaz7126 7 месяцев назад
I have a question, do the changes made by a transaction before being commited or rolled back performaed directly on the database (on disk) or each transaction performs the changes on its own isolated memory ?
@asfar1984
@asfar1984 3 года назад
I am looking at your videos for over a year, I will love if you touch Storage and big data processing also !! ETL/MapReuce/Hadoop !!
@pankajkaushik913
@pankajkaushik913 2 года назад
Great stuff
@dylanngo4454
@dylanngo4454 Год назад
Thanks😊🎉
@SoeaOu
@SoeaOu 3 года назад
This is hilarious, thanks. Very helpful.
@NepaliBiraj
@NepaliBiraj 3 года назад
Paid 6k to UNI and jump back here to get insight into it lol.....Thi is what it is..Thanks for the great video.
@nero1375
@nero1375 4 года назад
awesome content! Keep it up!
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Will do! Thanks for your comment 🙏
@saravanasai2391
@saravanasai2391 10 месяцев назад
Hi hussain. The explanation is clear. Can you make video on how does a consistency maintained in distributed system among the multiple microservies & I really can't find a good content on how to build our small own database to understand the working of relational database.
@sridharramalingam329
@sridharramalingam329 5 месяцев назад
Nice video and explanation, agree with all except - traditional OLTP databases provides eventual consistency, I dont think any banking system will go for eventual consistency, though postgres has both syncronous(will provicde consistency with perfromancer compromise) and async replciation, but I think thats mostly for HA purpose for banking\critical systems, with these days everything running on VMs, the critical databases are mostly vertically scaled periodically and async sharding/replication is usually used for non critical reads like reporting etc never for banking\critical transactions, so we have no option but to live with these 70s RDBMS systems for some core businesses which require ACID to be stricltly implemeneted.
@neerajcrespo
@neerajcrespo 3 года назад
I was asked in an Interview How durability is internally achieved in postgres (something like when data from WAL is persisted)
@coderkashif
@coderkashif 3 месяца назад
amazing
@ru2979
@ru2979 Год назад
wow 🔥🔥
@paulfrischknecht3999
@paulfrischknecht3999 Год назад
depending on what you mean by lost updates, you can get them even with the serializeable isolation level: the second transaction loses all updates done by concurrent ones. At least in h2 db, serializeable just guarantees that you won't observe rows added since your transaction started (so no more phantom reads). But you can still end up updating the database unaware of any changes made by other concurrent transactions. I don't know if there is any database that allows only one transaction at once which would be required to avoid this
@paulfrischknecht3999
@paulfrischknecht3999 Год назад
well ok, the documentation says that their interpretation of serializeable doesn't actually guarantee that sequential execution of concurrent transactions gives the same result
@prostyxi2771
@prostyxi2771 4 месяца назад
perfect more please
@malayrevanth5854
@malayrevanth5854 3 года назад
can you share the slides used in the video? It would be very useful as a reference. Thanks for the detailed explanation on ACID.
@section9999
@section9999 3 года назад
Awesome
@deeraj3069
@deeraj3069 3 года назад
Thank you so much for the video Can you please make a video on MongoDB architecture
@rodmajuelojr
@rodmajuelojr 4 года назад
True story im watching video when I suddenly had Acid reflux. :( great contenr as always
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Ohh get well soon ! Take those nexum
@yumengsi
@yumengsi 4 года назад
Very educational and funny
@fsl4faisal
@fsl4faisal Год назад
phantom read and non-repeatable read looks the same to me, what am I missing? Okay so in case of non-repeatable we were updating the same row, and that was the cause of issue and in case of phantom read we created a new row which was the cause of the issue thank you for the amazing content. I have already bought your database course planning to watch that too.
@davidlee588
@davidlee588 Год назад
Could you help explain why ORM frameworks such as Rails's ActiveRecord and Django don't retry aborted transactions?
@neuodev
@neuodev Год назад
Thanks for the great video 🙌! Can you share your slides? I want to use it as a reference!
@hemantsinghjadon849
@hemantsinghjadon849 Год назад
Same as others. Hooked
@mertyertugrul
@mertyertugrul 4 года назад
This one is good 👍
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Mert Ertuğrul 😍😍😄 let me know what should I make next .. cheers
@mdsazidkhan4720
@mdsazidkhan4720 2 года назад
From where I can download the slides for this @hussein ?
@CODINC
@CODINC 3 года назад
Hey man. Love your video but i am confused about dirty read example. You have mentioned that Transaction was Updated but not committed. How can the other session read different value other than what is in Database. Well unless it is committed it will read that updated value otherwise it will still read the value that is in database. Does it make sense?
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
it means that the read transactions when in read uncommitted isolation level (sql server for example) are configured to read the latest row change wither this is committed or not. this could be in a different data structure usually called the WAL (write ahead log) what you described is a read committed isolation level where we read the value stored in the row and committed.
@CODINC
@CODINC 3 года назад
@@hnasr thanks for quick reply. Thanks for explaining this to me. I always thought one can read updated value from database after committing, silly me. Always learn something new. Thanks again
@ashutoshmishra2328
@ashutoshmishra2328 3 года назад
Hey Hussein, Thanks for the great content. Can you make a video to give some idea about how Db Client and Server communicate like mySQL uses its own protocol mysql. and how they use TCP connection like do they create new TCP connection for each query similar to HTTP 1.0 or they use single TCP connection for entire Txn similar to HTTP 1.1 ?
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Ashutosh Mishra hey Ashutosh, I think I did this with mongodb and postgres Wiresharking MongoDB - Decrypting TLS traffic, mongo protocol, cursors and more ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-naJC-yuCZb8.html Wiresharking PostgreSQL - SELECT * FROM on Postgres behind the scenes ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-vjWt-PF_6tA.html
@ashutoshmishra2328
@ashutoshmishra2328 3 года назад
@@hnasr Thanks.! You can add those videos to database engineering playlist so that other people will find it in the same playlist.
@nitingupta1591
@nitingupta1591 3 года назад
From where do we get the slides of this course, once have joined as members?
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
You can download it from here! payhip.com/b/07an
@SaifUlIslam-di5xv
@SaifUlIslam-di5xv 3 года назад
Reached the end. (Y)
@vyshnavramesh9305
@vyshnavramesh9305 10 месяцев назад
- Transaction: A bunch of queries - Atomicity: Either all the queries in a transaction must commit, or all of them must rollback - Isolation: is about isolating transactions to handle concurrency issues arising from concurrent transactions. How: versions and locks(shared/read) in db level, locks in application level. Problems = Dirty read, Non Repeatable read, Phantom read, Lost update. Solutions = Isolation levels like Read uncommitted, Read committed, Repeatable read, Serializable - Consistency: Is about Consistent data and Consistent read. Consistent data: Happens within a machine due to non-atomicity, non-isolation etc Consistent read: happens across machines, in both sql and nosql dbs when replicas are present. You update a record, but when you read after, you get old data. It is always eventual consistency when replocas are present - Durability: committed transactions must be persisted in a durable storage
@reloadfast
@reloadfast 4 года назад
You have a Khan Academy vibe going on here...
@siddharthsrivastava3961
@siddharthsrivastava3961 3 года назад
Please make video on postgres WAL
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
👍👍 on my plan for the next video
@JynyChen
@JynyChen 6 месяцев назад
now u are my tech lead 😂😂😂
@salohiddinqutbiddinov6182
@salohiddinqutbiddinov6182 Месяц назад
👍
@SanadTabari
@SanadTabari 3 года назад
If i want to learn Database , Can i start with this playlist ? Thank you Hussain ❤️
@hnasr
@hnasr 3 года назад
Yes, absolutely!
@thescubabuba6470
@thescubabuba6470 3 года назад
Can you please use dark background in your future videos :) I usually watch your videos in the evening and the white background is really hard on my eyes. If it's causing you too much work then don't worry.
@AISynthetic
@AISynthetic 4 года назад
Can you make series on System Design?
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Great idea! Will sure consider it
@AISynthetic
@AISynthetic 4 года назад
Thank you
@ruslanvolovik2745
@ruslanvolovik2745 4 года назад
😱🤟💥
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Ruslan Volovik 😍😍😍
@pieicx
@pieicx 4 года назад
my cat freaked out when you changed your tone lol
@hnasr
@hnasr 4 года назад
Hằng 😂 sorry little kitty 😍
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