Respiratory | Respiration at High Altitudes 

The beginning is incorrect. The percentage Oxygen within the atmosphere remains approximately constant, even at high altitude. What changes is the atmospheric pressure (i.e. the absolute amount of air in a given volume), and for that reason even though the percentage oxygen is still around 21%, as the absolute amount of air for a given volume is lower, the partial pressure of oxygen is lower.

I see ninja nerd acknowledged the mistake and I must say his videos are still great

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Thankyou for you video. Your very technical knowledge is so well applied that I, with no real medical knowledge, was able to understand the issues with High altitude and its effect on respiration. Having recently been to high altitude I was able to reflect on how this process was working for me. I look forward to watching your video a few more times.

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I am so thankful for this respiratory playlist!!!! I have my test in two weeks and it’s been a relieve to have you because othewise I know I would fail. I’m sorry for my teacher at uni but I didn’t understand any of this until I get here. I’ll come back in two weeks to day thank you again, I hope I pass 😄👩🏻‍⚕️

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When we ascend partial pressure of oxygen does not decreases. One who decreases is total atmospheric pressure .patrial pressure remains same or sometimes changes slightly

Very informative info. My Heart Dr. couldn’t tell me about all info needed to assist my breathing issues.m Thank You.

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Finished the respiratory playlist, quite informative and well presented, thank you!

This was so informative but still comprehensive the way you broke each process down. I especially appreciated the diagrams you drew as you were lecturing. That really helped me to better understand each process. I took two semesters of anatomy and physiology (AP), and I understood and learned far more from just this one video of yours than I ever did from my AP professor on a given topic. Thanks so much for the great video!

Thanks - I am learning about covid and Dr Berg suggested it looks a lot like high altitude sickness - it certainly shares a lot - I appreciate you

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This pandemic is also described as high altitude sickness and more pressure related than pneumonia could you do some explanation of individual treatments for each stage of this sickness with meds per stage ? Pls

Barometric pressure decreases as we ascend to high altitude The higher the altitude the lower is the barometric pressure. Partial pressure of oxygen is barometric pressure x21 % At sea level it is760mmHg x21%= 159 mmHg partial of oxygen At higher altitude say 423mmHg x21% So percentage of oxygen remains the same and only barometric pressure changes and partial pressure changes

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Great info, besides acute mountain sickness there is also chronic mountain sickness (Monge`s sickness) wich was identified in the 1930`s. Its ethiology is thought to be because of prologned polycithemia the blood viscosity increases and therefore less pulmonary perfusion.

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OMG...! Now I know why I feel this way going up in elevation. I feel pressure in my chest, my heart starts pounding, I feel dizzy, nausea, throat feels restricted. Scary..I guess i'll have to find another way to grandma's house! Thank you Thank you!

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There is also another important mistake. In fact the partial pressure of carbon dioxyde in the atmospheric mixture (inspired gaz) is below 1 mm Hg (0.04% of the gaz mixture). And even if it is true to say that this absolute partial pressure is lower in high altitude, it is negligible! The respiratory alcalosis is real, but it is the result of the hyperventilation induced by the hypoxemia that you describe in detail in you video, not by the diminution of carbon dioxyde in the inspired gaz.

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Thank you Zack

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Question: Does the percentage of oxygen actually change? Or is it that the atmospheric pressure drops which causes the oxygen partial pressure to drop proportionately? I think oxygen still makes up about 21% but because the atmospheric pressure is Lowe at high altitudes, this causes a drop in the available oxygen in comparison to sea level

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Thank you Zach for the video, one question please how does the bicarbonate crosses the BBB ?

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You can add things like increased 2,3 Bpg,increased mitochondria,cytochrome oxidase,myoglobin,vasodilation

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I agree with tanvirul. The atmospheric pressure at the top of Mount Everest is just about half that at sea level. Therefore If the atmospheric pressure is 350 and o2 is still 21 percent then 350 x .21 is 70 Therefore a partial pressure of oxygen of just 70 before the gas is inhaled. That is already less than a normal pao2 on blood gas. By the time it gets to the alveolar capillary membrane the pao2 is maybe 35. Clearly a pao2 of 35 is no where near enough pressure to saturate hgb. In fact according to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve a sao2 of 90 correlates to a pa o2 of 60 and then the steep part of the curve manifests and small decreases in pao2 cause major decreases in sao2

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At higher altitudes total atmospheric pressure decreases ,now how much oxygen will get at its 21 percent. As we know out of total atmospheric pressure 760 mmHg it exerts 106 mmHg at 21 percent.but at higher altitudes total atmospheric pressure is less than 760mmhg accordingly oxygen will exert less pressure. Now gasses have less pressure to share as per their respective percentages.

The partial pressure of C02 in the atmosphere is almost zero. The hyperventilating is what lowers the PACO2 in the lungs.

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Please upload the respiratory Pharmacology lectures ❤

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Great video, but did you not miss the brachiocephalic trunk from the aorta?

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Congratulations, well done. However, remember that O2 remains a 20-21% part of the atmospheric gas even at high altitudes

Hi Zack! Thank you deeply for your brilliant videos. I am sorry, but isn't the enzyme carbonic anhydrase absent in central chemoreceptors? The centers should sense the hypocapnia after a while because without the enzyme the rate of the reaction is really low. Thanks again and may Hippocrates bless you!!

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How does HCO3- concentration decrease in CSF ? HCO3- decreases in blood because of urination but how does it decrease in CSF ( HCO3- can’t cross the Blood Brain Barrier right? )

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