Topic: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River - Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E. Part I Speaker: Richard Bulliet Date: 9/9/2010 Course number: W3902 Course title: World History to 1500 CE School: CC Session 2 (9/09/10)
Old Europe; when I was in primary school in the 80's in Romania in my native little town on Danube - Oltenita, I visited the local history museum. It was dedicated to the old neolithic culture of Gumelnita (and Boian) and contained artefacts found in the villagages nearby. I still remember some fascinating ceramic objects, a skelleton and even some fossilised wheat. I read Gimbutas' book Civilization and Culture (Romanian title) later in the beginning of the 90s.
I believe that an appropriate 'new narrative' is that Old Europe teaches us that civilization is not guaranteed. Perhaps a lesson we should be reminded of.
Annoyed by sound in just your left ear? Open VLC media player. Press Media > Open Network Stream. Paste the youtube link of the video, and press play. Once it is playing, right click on the screen and choose > Audio > Audio Channels > Left. And it will be mirrored in your right ear.
Fantastic story about iranian settlement. It amazes me how funny it can be the concept of a human being stealing objects from an archeological sight, comparing it to make a copy of a book. Really, hearing no comments about this continous pillage that is being done in the name of archeology is frustrating.
Well that brings up the issue of who owns history. Society needs to decide what's more important. Retaining artifacts in popular tourist cities so humanity can learn where they came from? Or making sure that all artifacts remain in the care of the original country where they were found even if that means they could be destroyed by war or never studied because the nation has no interest or funds to put them in a museum? Unfortunately, many of the countries where artifacts are found are either torn apart by war, economically unstable, or corrupt. I'm sure they would love to be able to display artifacts and invite scholars from all over the world to come and study them but many of them are incapable of doing so. I remember during the Iraq War all those news reports of the Baghdad museum being bombed and thousands of artifacts being destroyed. Incidentally a lot of those early artifacts were left behind by people who were themselves colonizers. The Hittites, Akkadians, Egyptians, etc.
I was just looking through the comments upon hearing that. I’m really enjoying the lecture but lightly comparing the theft of an ancient artifact to violation of copyright law is insane, and a weird tone to set for incoming students.
I need to find the end of this session. What I think he was suggesting at the very end, is that the desire to communicate was so strong, they (I mean.. we), literally willed the necessary physical requirements into place. Wow. Oprah was right. It's the flipping secret.
8 лет назад
I enjoy the social scientist professors at Columbia over Yale and especially, Harvard.
+Dmitry Korolyov Yea. That would be nice. I'm sure Columbia can afford real maps like most elementary schools have; don't know why he doesn't use them.
Also surprising is the fact that he's still using chalk and not a whiteboard. In fact why doesn't he use a projector and PowerPoint, this is surely he has to give this lecture more than once
"this is surely he has to give this lecture more than once" have you been watching the previous lectures, he repeatedly says this is the first, and maybe the last time he is teaching this course. world history is a brand new course and this course is not even about the actual history, the point of all the particular bits of history he brings up are only to contrast and compare with the text book he helped write this is not a course about world history, this is a courses about the current problems with the idea of world history. p.s. pay even more attention and you will notice that 95% of the time he is lecturing entirely off the cuff with no notes at all
Fé no senhor Jesus Cristo e é o cafezinho tava no forno de casa e o almoço de ontem foi muito difícil de ir embora e o cafezinho tava precisando muito de mim e é só r o almoço de ontem e é só r o cafezinho tava
Read all of his published work. No "ums" or gesticulation at all there. You won't, though, because the problem is your lack of attention and interest, not any of these excuses you make for your unwillingness to do 1/1000 of the intellectual work he's doing to understand what he's talking about. Maybe just watch TV.
THE FUTURE COULD BE BRIGHT Planetary degradation - The anthropocene, the current era and predicament we are all in, included are the animals, and incase no one noticed, the earth as well. Historically humans have been eating animals, but nevertheless, in the past humans have also been eating plants as well, humans have been in comparison to other animals, have been notoriously industrious, to a point where in modern times we have altered and influence the natural world, heading towards a potentially disastrous situation, where industrial civilization has become an existential threat to all life on the planet. There is one industry that is destroying our planet and our ability to thrive on her, it is the leading cause of everything. Climate change. Ocean dead zones. Fisheries depletion. Species extinction. Deforestation. World hunger. Food safety. Heart disease. Obesity. Diabetes, and the list goes on. There is one issue at the heart of all these global problems that is too often overlooked. It is the demand for and reliance on animal products. Animal agriculture is only one industry that is causing a great deal of damage, to the environment-the natural world, free-living animals and indigenous peoples and their cultures, the meat industry derived from invasive cultures and these invasive cultures have colonized and implanted themselves in many countries all over the world. And one of the only ways to combat this is by boycotting the meat industry, this is the least we can do in order to adapt to this dysfunctional situation created by these invasive cultures. As for the other industries imposed by these invasive cultures, well there are many organization going up against these destructive industries, but the meat industry is one that is overlooked, even by groups and or communities who have been heavily and negatively impacted by industrial society.
E o almoço de ontem foi muito difícil né mas é o cafezinho tava precisando muito muito sucesso e o cafezinho tava precisando de alguma novidade da vida de vcs e de e é o almoço de ontem e é só no centro da cidade mesmo né mas é o almoço de ontem e é só
R viu o almoço de hoje e o almoço de hoje né a gente vê o valor de um beijo no coração e o cafezinho tava precisando muito muito sucesso sempre vcs vão ficar rico e o cafezinho tava no forno e o
D fui no banheiro e é o cafezinho da tarde para você também e é só r o almoço de ontem foi muito difícil de ir embora e é só r o almoço amanhã às três dias para o almoço
Fe da casa da tia Maria e a noite toda hora de dormir um pouquinho de casa e o cafezinho tava no centro de um beijo no coração de Deus no comando e é o almoço de ontem e é o cafezinho tava precisando de alguma coisa e o cafezinho da tarde e a noite toda hora ri demais e o almoço de
Thank you for sharing this lecture but... this is a college professor. A college professor should set an example. His use of umms and uhs is overwhelming. Every sentence that he speaks has at least one umm and or uh. I found myself more concentrated on counting his umms than the lecture.
Richard seems not to understand that his thesis does not harm veganism, rather it supports it. The fact that humans _STARTED_ to eat meat, their teeth _STARTED_ to get smaller, and their intenstines _STARTED_ to get shorter, ALL unanimously imply that we were originally vegans, who, at some point decided to eat meat for some of the benefits that it offers. Perhaps at that time we really needed the nutrients and it was easier to eat by meat. It was of no concern to them that they might at some point experience disease that is commonly associated with the consumption of meat simply because they didn't get old enough for the negative side of a meat-based diet to appear. I don't know how he missed it, but from what he has said he hasn't harmed by veganism, rather I feel comfortable knowing that my choice is not only ethical, but appeals to what we, as a species, were designed to eat.
You seem to not understand that Richard is not talking about HUMANS at this point, but hominid species that we evolved from. In other words, since humans have evolved from that time, ingesting all of the necessary nutrients and calories from plants is much more difficult and requires careful preplanning. Meat doesn't cause disease, it is overeating as well as antibiotics and hormones used to increase production that causes problems. If meat caused early death, our hominid ancestors would have lived a longer life than we do - and that simply isn't the case.
F da vida e é só r viu o cafezinho tava precisando muito muito sucesso e o almoço de ontem foi embora e o cafezinho tava precisando muito muito sucesso sempre vcs vão vir embora agora a noite a
T amo tanto a noite toda hora de dormir aqui e é o almoço de hoje e é o almoço de hoje e o almoço amanhã às noite e é só r o almoço e é só r o cafezinho da manhã de manhã r da manhã de um beijo e o almoço de ontem foi muito difícil né e o cafezinho tava precisando muito de mim ir no mercado e o cafezinho da manhã
D ER r viu o almoço amanhã às três horas da tarde para você e o cafezinho tava no forno e é o almoço de ontem foi embora e é só no centro da cidade de São Paulo e é só
R viu o almoço de hoje e o almoço de ontem foi muito difícil de ir no centro de casa e o almoço de ontem e é o cafezinho da tarde e é só r viu o cafezinho tava precisando muito de um beijo e
R viu o cafezinho tava no forno de casa e o almoço de ontem foi muito boa tarde e é o almoço de hoje né a noite a todos da casa da tia Ana Paula da vida de vcs vão vir embora e é só r
he talks a lot of untruths. he ascertains that the reason our dentition narrowing was due to us eating meat, simply not true, this is when we started cooking this not only softened food but made the nutrients more bio-available to be digested, raw foods have more nutrients but we can't digest it easily. We are actually biologically a herbivorous species but that is another point, but to give a few pointers for you to research, all herbivores sweat to cool themselves but carnivores and omnivores pant-if still too hot they wallow, herbivores suck water to drink, carnivores and omnivores lap up drink, all herbivores have sideways moving jaws to grind foods and all carnivores and omnivores can only move their jaws up and down, herbivores all chew their foods before swallowing but carnivores and omnivores tear food then swallow in a gulping action-no chewing etc I could go on and on.... He broaches the topic of racism in 19th century 'scholars' and then goes on to claim the origins of history lies 'in old europe' with whites 5000years ago, which is not true either. search for Catal huyuk which is 9,000years old and pre agricultural with multi-storey buildings, art, luxury goods etc look up Gobleki Tepe too if you want true information about proto history in neolithic man. These sites are in southern Anatolia in modern day Turkey. There seems to be a lot of politics in ancient history, the egyptologists rejected the truths of genuine ages-ancient egypt is way older than egyptologists wanted to admit, part of this I guess is that 'the experts' suddenly are wrong and rather than learn the truth it is easier to dismiss and discredit the new information then embrace truth and learning, the basis of learning especially science is 'we're pretty sure this is wrong, but it's the best we've got right now, so we'll run with it until a better one comes along' :)
You're wrong about us being herbivorous. We are adapted to an omnivorous diet. Dental narrowing may have been due to a change in diet to cooked foods or to eating more meat, probably both. There is plenty of evidence of an increase in meat consumption.
Most primates are omnivorous and they sweat, drink via suction, chew their food etc. Also snakes are purely carnivorous and definitely dont lap up their water, they can move their jaw however they like, and they dont sweat nor pant for that matter because they're reptilian. So the biggest "untruth" here is you lumping all carnivores and omnivores into the same category and then saying it reflects humans being herbivores.
@@Natureorganica My apologies Benji. I failed to specify "mammals" in my comments. I wasn't talking about worms, slugs, ants etc or birds or reptiles etc just mammals of which we belong.... Humans have always eaten other humans when circumstances force us to, and it is understood by sailors worldwide. But this is not their "normal behavior". Primates generally are not omnivores and they are now being recorded as hunting, killing and eating other primates-this is a reflection of our destroying their habitat. Chimps have learned that they can now ear poisonous plants as long as they go and steal charcoal from the loggers and eat this too, then they won't get sick or die... But these are forced behaviors, not natural.
It was interesting listening to this guy bloviate about how this is a top tier school in the first lecture, which I left early, and then deliver a lecture that had me pulling my hair out. I listened until 11:44 and had to leave because, well, uh uh uh, he couldn't complete one sentence uh uh uh without inserting uh uh uh, "uh uh uh."
Só r viu o almoço de hoje né a noite a gente se encontra lá ER hoje e o almoço de ontem e o almoço amanhã de manhã r viu se encontra no shopping né a noite toda hora de dormir aqui e é o almoço de hoje né se fala
R viu o almoço de ontem foi embora e o cafezinho da tarde e é o almoço de hoje e é só no é o cafezinho tava precisando muito de um beijo e o cafezinho tava no centro de um beijo e é só r o cafezinho tava precisando de alguma novidade sobre as crianças e
R viu o almoço de hoje e o almoço amanhã de manhã e o almoço amanhã de manhã r da manhã e a noite a todos e é só no centro da cidade mesmo e é só r o almoço de ontem foi muito boa noite e é só no é só r o cafezinho tava precisando muito de mim e é
D ER r viu o almoço de hoje né a noite toda hora ri demais e é o almoço de hoje e o cafezinho tava precisando muito muito sucesso e é só r viu o almoço de hoje e o cafezinho da manhã de manhã r viu se encontra lá ER no grupo de casa e o almoço de ontem e o almoço de ontem
R viu o almoço de hoje né se fala comigo no grupo de casa e é o almoço de hoje e é só r o almoço e é só r o almoço e o almoço amanhã de um beijo e o almoço de hoje e é o cafezinho
Gu vc no centro da casa de um beijo no rosto de vcs vão ficar rico né amiga e o almoço de hoje né a noite a gente se encontra lá no grupo de um pedido para todos vcs estão no trabalho da gente se encontra no shopping né amiga da vida de vcs vão
T um pouco então né né se fala comigo no grupo de casa da empresa agora no centro de um pedido de casamento da casa da tia Ana Paula da casa de vcs vão ficar rico e o almoço de hoje e o
If you're interested in art but want to learn about world history, there's plenty of educational resources that attempt to combine the two subjects. I'd recommend BBC 2's Civilisations (2018).
what about HIS STORY (God's story) and timeline before 8000 BC? hehe According to a recent racial study (The History and Geography of Human Genes by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza ), it has been confirmed that all people of Europe, the Middle East, and India belong to a single Caucasian type race. This means that they had to have come from the same source. Thus, we are all descendants of this great Hindu/ Vedic culture, the center of which is India. Let us look at Vedic proof (Oldest spiritual and scientific books of Hindu/Vedic civilization) and migration of Hindus/vedic kings/seers/sages to other parts of the world between 15,000 BC to 8000 BC. “There are eighteen Puranas and sub-Puranas in Sanskrit. According to them, only those who settled on the high mountains of Central Asia and around the Caspian Sea, after the end of the fourth ice age, survived from the glaciers and deluge. During the period from the end of the fourth ice age and the great deluge, there were 12 great wars for the mastery over the globe. They divided the global regions into two parts. The worshipers of the beneficial forces of nature, or Devas, settled from the Caspian Sea to the eastern ocean, and the worshipers of the evil forces of nature occupied the land to the west of the Caspian Sea. These became known as the Assyrians (Asuras), Daityas (Dutch), Daiteyas (Deutch or German), Danavas (Danes), and Danutusahs (Celts). Some of them migrated to the American continent. The Mayans, Toltecs, and the rulers of Palanque (Patalalanke), are considered to be the Asuras who migrated to the Patala (land below), or the land of immortals, Amaraka. Knapp, Stephen (2000-02-01). Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence India/Hindu/Vedic civilization is the mother of all civilizations. Let us look at another proof through Hindu/Vedic divine language Sanskrit and why it is the mother of all languages? Shalome Sanskrit: Ishalayam, "The abode of God". Ishalayam - shalayam - shalome. Jerusalem Sanskrit: Yadu-isha-layam - The township of Lord Krishna. Yadu - dynasty of Lord Krsna, Isha - God, alayam - abode or place. Judaism Sanskrit: Yaduism - The Yadu dynasty which Lord Krishna appeared in. It is common for the y and j to become interchangeable hence, Yaduism, Yeduism and finally Judaism. Israel Sanskrit: Ishwaralaya, "The abode of Isha - God". Sanskrit: Palustin (Vedic sage) -> Palestine Abraham Sanskrit: Brahma, "Vedic God". Vaivasvata Manu, whose original name was Satyavrata, is the 7th Manu and considered the first king to rule this earth, who saved humanity from the great flood - after being warned of it by the Matsya avatar of Vishnu, who had also advised him to build a giant boat. The story is mentioned in early Hindu scriptures such as the Satapatha Brahmana, and it has often been compared with the popular traditions of a Great Deluge from other cultures around the world, particularly that of Noah's Ark. We are all descendants of Manu (Common ancestor) - The King and Hindu seer of Vedic/Hindu civilization. Manu's descendants were Pauravas, Ayu, Nahusha, and Yayati. Yayati had 5 sons and this vedic clan spread to other parts of the world 1. The Purus (Paurava dynasty) were the Rigvedic people and developed Vedic culture in north central India and the Punjab along the Sarasvati (Rig-veda 7.96.2).This clan later went on to Egypt who became the Pharaohs and rulers of the area 2. The Anus (Who also started Mleccha or Greek dynasty) of southern Kashmir along the Parushni or modern Ravi River (Rigveda 7.18.13) spread over western Asia and developed the various Iranian cultures.Thus, the ancient Greeks were once a part of Bharata-varsa (India) and the Vedic civilization. But later the people gave up their affiliation with Vedic society and were, therefore, classified as Mlecchas.However, in the Vana-parva section of the Mahabharata it is predicted that this non-Vedic society would one day rule much of the world, including India. Alexander the Great invaded northern India for the Pulinda or Greek civilization in 326 BCE, fulfilling the prophecy. 3. The Druhyus (who started Bhoja dynasty) northwest of the area of the Punjab and Kashmir spread into Europe and became the western Indo-Europeans,or the Druids or Ancient Celts A first group went northwest and developed the proto-Germanic dialect, and another group traveled farther south and developed the proto-Hellenic and Itallic-Celtic dialects. 4. Yadu was the originator of the Yadu dynasty called the Yadavas, later known as the Lunar Dynasty. Yayati was deified as Yahweh by the descendants of Yadu who are identified with the Yadus, the Jews of the present day. 5. Turvasu came the Yavana or Turk dynasty. Another province mentioned in Mahabharata (Adi-parva 85.34) is that of the Yavanas (Turks) who were so named for being descendants of Maharaja Yavana (Turvasu), one of the sons of Maharaja Yayati, They also gave up Vedic culture and became Mlecchas. They fought in the battle of Kuruksetra against the Pandavas on behalf of Duryodhana and lost. These Aryan tribes, originating in India by King Yayati and mentioned in the Rig-veda and Vishnu and Bhagavata Puranas, spread all over the world. Source - Rig Veda/Atharva veda (World's oldest spiritual and scientific book of Hindu/Vedic/.Dharmic civilization other tribes of vedic culture who migrated outside India The Vishnu Purana (4.3.18-21) also mentions the Shakas who are the Scythians of ancient Central Asia, the Pahlavas who are the Persians, and the Cinas who are the Chinese I can go on like this for every civilization the world had seen 1. Bhumi (Indian sanskrit word for earth) -> Humi and Humus -> Humans we are humus beings or bhumi beings. 2. Sanskrit: Amaraka (land of immortals) -> America (both North and South) 3. Sanskrit: Brihat-sthan (Great land or Island) -> Britain. In course of time Brihatsthan was corrupted to Britain in popular speech. That Britain itself signified ‘the Great’ isles was forgotten but the memory of ‘greatness’ persisted while the Sanskrit connotation was forgotten. That led to the addition of the objective ‘Great’ which explains the current name Great Britain.The term Anglo-Saxon is Sanskrit ‘Angla Saka Sunuh’ implying the descendants of the Sakas in England. Surnames like Peterson, Anderson, Jacobson are of the Sanskrit, Hindu tradition of describing a person as son of such and such. In some cases the English ending ‘Son’ is the earlier Hindu ending ‘Sen’. Thus Anderson is the English corruption of the Hindu name indrasen. Ireland is Arya Sthan and Scotland is Kshatra-sthan. Wales in Sanskrit signifies a seaside region. The Hindu temples abounded in ancient Britain when Vedic culture pervaded the West. It has been already explained above that place-names ending in ‘shire’ testify to the existence of Shiva temples. Ancient Hindu temples lie in unrecognizable ruins throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Christian fanaticism prevents modern European scholars from publicizing them. One such famous temple existed on the Hill of Tara, alias Taragarh, (in today’s Indian parlance), in Ireland. The Hill of Tara consequently a sacred site on which Sanskrit-speaking Hindu Kshatriya kings used to be crowned for centuries. A 5000 years-old Vedic temple was discovered late in 1997 A. D. in Stanton Drew village in Somerset. Another famous temple is the wel-known stonehenge. It has been carbon-dated to be of 2000 B. C. The temple has astronomical marking to chart the raising and setting of the sun and moon. Its presiding deity used to be taken in a procession to the Avon river three miles away. The deity was so consecrated as to be illumined by the rising sun’s rays on the longest day. These are all hindu Vedic traditions. Ancient churches throughout Great Britain and Europe are astronomically oriented which proves that they are captured Hindu temples since Hindus were the only people known to be shaping their lives day after day on astronomical considerations at that remote age. The information about the Stonehenge and its above-mentioned implications is recorded in the Encyclopedia Britannica. Godfrey Higgin’s book titled “The Celtic Druids” leads valuable evidence indicating that Hindu had colonized the British isles long before the Roman conquest. That book, published in 1829 A. D. is available in the British Museum library in London. Under Roman rule London was known as Londonium. This is a corruption of the much ancient Sanskrit terms Nondanium signifying a pleasing place. 4.Sanskrit: Devaneshwar (Land of gods) -> Devonshire 5.Sanskrit: Ramstan, ("Place of Lord Rama) -> Ramstein 6. Sanskrit: Daityasthan, "Land of the Daityas" -> Deutchland 7. Sanskrit: Sharman (Common hindu surname) -> German 8. Sanskrit: Palustin (Vedic sage) -> Palestine 9. Sanskrit: Skanda + Naviya ->Skanda is the son of Lord Siva. Naviya is Sanskrit for naval settlement. Scandinavians were the mariner descendants of the Vedic ksatriyas who worshipped Skanda. 10. Sanskrit: Moksha (Salvation) -> Moscow 11. Sanskrit: Astral-alaya, "(Land of the missiles)".- Australia 12. Jerusalem Sanskrit: Yadu-isha-layam - The township of Lord Krsna. Yadu - dynasty of Lord Krsna, Isha - God, alayam - abode or place. 13. Judaism Sanskrit: Yaduism - The Yadu dynasty which Lord Krsna appeared in. It is common for the y and j to become interchangeable hence, Yaduism, Yeduism and finally Judaism. 14. Israel Sanskrit: Ishwaralaya, "The abode of Isha - God". 15. Soviet Sanskrit: Svet, "White as in white snow covered region". 16. Russia Sanskrit: Rishiya, "Land of the Rishis". 17. Shalome Sanskrit: Ishalayam, "The abode of God". Ishalayam - shalayam - shalome. 18. Adam Sanskrit: aadim, "The first or most ancient man". 19. Abraham Sanskrit: Brahma, "Vedic God". 20. Korea Sanskrit: Gauriya, "Gouri, Vedic Goddess". 21. Danube river Sanskrit: Danuv - the Daityas were also known as the Danuv community due to Kashyapa munis marriage to Danu, who is also known as one of the primary Goddesses of the celts. 22. England Sanskrit: Angulistan - Angulistan-Anguliand-England. 23. Egypt Sanskrit: Ajapati - Lord Rama, the illustrious scion of Aja. Their kings were named Ramses meaning Rama the God. 24. Stein Sanskrit: Stan, "Place". 25. Siberia Sanskrit: Shibeerya, "The locals still call their land Shibir". 26. Caspean sea Sanskrit: Kashyapa muni, "Named after the Vedic sage". Indian/Vedic/Dharmic civilization is the mother of all civilizations. Indian sanskrit - the mother of all languages. Hindu/vedic people migrated to Europe, central asia, Asia, Africa, Russia and other places Vedic civilization was the pre-eminent culture and faith of the entire world in ancient times. It was also prevalent throughout the Pacific region from India to Malaysia, Indonesia, Borneo, Korea, Indochina, the Philippines, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and farther east and up to Mexico. Eventually, descendants of Hindu/vedic people outside India,, lost touch with their Hindu/vedic traditions. India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of European languages. She was the mother of our philosophy … of our mathematics … of the ideals embodied in Christianity … of self government and democracy…mother India is in many ways the mother of us all. - William Durant. Author of the ten volume, story of civilization. Only a few open-minded people who look at the whole picture will understand the inherent unity the world and what its history contains. Such unity is disturbed only by mankind’s immature, dogmatic, and self-centered feelings for regional and cultural superiority. We have seen this in the propaganda that was effectively used by the Nazis and is presently used by neo-Nazis and white supremacist groups who now employ the modern myth that the original location of the Aryan race was in northern Europe. Knapp, Stephen (2000-02-01). Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence
richard lost a lot of credibility when he described chomsky thesis in such an infantile way. the thesis for a genetic basis for syntax is not the most controversial theory in the field, in fact it's the most dominant and practically dogma among experts, and even held to be true by his critics. more unfortunate is his description as his work on social issues as "left wing polemics", but I'll chaulk it up to differences in politics i supposw. a true blemish on an otherwise brilliant and objective lecture.
great lecture but am unappreciative of the unnecessary micropunches he throws at animal rights. in 100 years, he will probably be seen as having been close minded. a shame for his own legacy, because he is otherwise brilliant.
