Sensitivity and Specificity: Avoiding 3 Common Pitfalls 

Dr. David Naeger addresses the often-overlooked but crucial concepts of sensitivity and specificity. Using two cases as examples, Dr. Naeger highlights three common pitfalls. In the first case, involving a fracture diagnosis, the discussion revolves around sensitivity and specificity, emphasizing that these metrics apply only when the disease status is already known. The second case involves a new disease with an expensive diagnostic test, where Dr. Naeger cautions against relying solely on sensitivity and specificity and emphasizes the importance of considering the prevalence of the disease in the population. The third pitfall discussed is the tendency to overlook the significance of prevalence in research populations. Dr. Naeger concludes by stressing the importance of understanding predictive values in real-world scenarios and avoiding these pitfalls for accurate and meaningful diagnostic assessments.