"Settling down, staying together: from Epi-palaeolithic to Neolithic" by Prof Trevor Watkins 

Ευχαριστώ πολύ. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The "Disappeared Ones" erroneously referred to as Anasazi, built their "kivas" below ground! The slab of rock on its side in your dwellings was probably build for the same reason which was to capture the air in a sort of reverse fireplace! The kiva was perfectly round with a round opening in the center to enter/exit by ladder. In front of the slab is the hearth. A one inch space has been made below it. Then a trench dug or made with clay from the opening beneath the stone to the wall, in which they made a chimney. The chimney caught the air and directed down to the trench, circulating under the slab keeping the fire going and directing the smoke in a single column, straight out the opening in the roof! Mean time air being pulled through the flue beneath the slab keeps the fire going and pulls the smoke upward! But even with out the fire, which was used to cook and offer sacrifices, the kiva remained a constant 72°F, summer and winter! There were many kivas, large and small! The people lived in them in the cold months, except to sleep they returned to their dwellings where all the bedding, blankets and furs were! They also cooked in ovens and open fires on the "plaza" a flat area level with the kiva roofs, and many workstations, in front and below the 5 story dwellings stacked atop each other, with porches interspersed across the whole site! Built beneath a 2000 foot slab of exposed overhanging basalt in the valley of Mesa Ver`de! They grew squash, beans and corn atop the mesa! A secret foot path up the shear cliffs got them there. They made baskets so tight they held water up to four hours! Their pottery was black! They covered it in scat on a second firing and polished it to a high gloss! Below the massive overhanging tonns of cliff and below the plaza was a spring fed Creek! They invented an amazing contraption to pull water up to their plaza, which filled cisterns carved out of the rock! They also used a similar devise to pull water up to the mesatop when there was no rain! And they used watertight baskets to do so!These subterranean dwelling ideas, especially in blistering hot climes and or freezing winter's would have kept everyone warm in winter and cool in summer! We should still have them! Save tons on electricity and gas!

Awesome lecture. Please publish more of these important lectures.

Superb viewing

Thank you

Can someone explain to me how on earth they managed to carve such beautiful and sophisticated objects from black basalt? From a rock harder than steel!

Please follow shedding light on that initial and yet poorly understood period.

Could it be that we of present time don't know enough to make judgements about the SOPHISTICATION of long-ago gatherers?

I am at the higher level of consciousness I am at the highest level of consciousness it’s called karma yoga It means every breath I take everything I say everything I do is in coordination with the universe. I am the expression of dance of Krishna I don’t make mistakes. universe is a perpetual process and I am perpetual part of this process. My name is Andrey #Bogoslowsky now I live in New York City I’m a full-time artist I asked for the benefit of all organic live on this planet I am immortal #King 🦁🤴