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Head & Neck for Mbbs 1st proff by Dr Abhijeet
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The head and neck region is anatomically complex, encompassing a variety of structures including bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and organs responsible for essential functions such as breathing, eating, speaking, and sensory perception. This area is crucial in fields like otolaryngology, dentistry, and neurology.
Anatomy -
Skull : Comprises the cranium (protects the brain) and the facial bones.
Major bones include the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, maxilla, mandible, and zygomatic bones.
Neck : Contains vital structures such as the cervical spine, esophagus, trachea, major blood vessels (carotid arteries, jugular veins), and muscles (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius).
Houses the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
Sensory Organs -
Eyes: Vision.
Ears: Hearing and balance.
Nose: Olfaction and part of the respiratory system.
Tongue: Taste and assists in speech and swallowing.
Key Functions -
Respiratory System -
The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi form the upper respiratory tract, facilitating breathing and protecting lower airways.
Digestive System -
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus initiate digestion through mechanical breakdown and enzymatic action.
Nervous System -
Cranial nerves (I-XII) control sensory and motor functions.
Major nerves include the trigeminal nerve (facial sensation and mastication) and the facial nerve (facial expression).
Vascular System -
The carotid arteries supply oxygenated blood to the brain.
The jugular veins return deoxygenated blood from the brain to the heart.
Common Conditions :
Infections -
Pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and tonsillitis are prevalent.
Cancers -
Head and neck cancers often involve the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal cavity.
Trauma -
Injuries to the head and neck can impact critical functions and require prompt medical attention.
Disorders
Thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and obstructive sleep apnea.
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16 сен 2024
