@@jezzy3472 the income effect is not constant, The total change in demand is equal to price plus income effect, but since substitution effect's sign is negative, as demand is negatively related to demand, negative of substituting plus positive sign of income effect, (since marshalian demand's are non decreasing in increasing income), now inorder to isolate the total change due to substitution effect we substract , It will be clear if you consider some examples online or from any book
@@EconomicsinManyLessons sir, I have a doubt.... Derivative of expenditure with respect to price is equal to hiksian demand function. Than how X could be ordinary or Marshallian demand function? Please reply
