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Student's t-test

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Excel file: dl.dropboxuser...
In this video Paul Andersen explains how to run the student's t-test on a set of data. He starts by explaining conceptually how a t-value can be used to determine the statistical difference between two samples. He then shows you how to use a t-test to test the null hypothesis. He finally gives you a separate data set that can be used to practice running the test.
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Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: www.freesound.o...
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Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.ba...
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
1.3.6.7.2. Critical Values of the Student’s-t Distribution. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from www.itl.nist.go...
File:Hordeum-barley.jpg - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2016, from commons.wikime...
Keinänen, S. (2005). English: Guinness for strenght. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
Kirton, L. (2007). English: Footpath through barley field. A well defined and well used footpath through the fields at Nuthall. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
pl.wikipedia, U. W. on. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: William Sealy Gosset, known as “Student”, British statistician. Picture taken in 1908. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
The T-Test. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from www.socialresea...

Опубликовано:

17 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 1 тыс.

@cheekyboyz8121 3 года назад

"...so, instead of this being known as the Gosset's t-test, it's known as the -" *cue smooth electronic beat*

@tonytone1378 3 года назад

Bozeman really turning science into a tv drama, lol.

@Emari0 3 года назад

he pulled an invincible in 2016

@beboldbored2099 5 месяцев назад

Student T Test

@zainabmohammed1141 8 лет назад

I just started my PhD in Psychology and the program is extremely quantitative. It's been years since I've taken a stats test and watching your videos have seriously helped in me remember the basics. I'm so going to keep you in my prayers! Thank you for making it seem less scary.

@burtons9922 3 года назад

How did your PhD go?

@zainabmohammed1141 3 года назад

@@burtons9922 just finishing. I propose my dissertation on the 27th!

@catherinepattersonmcelroy8336 3 года назад

@@zainabmohammed1141 Congratulations!! And good luck next week!

@yonisabdull 2 года назад

@@zainabmohammed1141 How did the dissertation go?

@zainabmohammed1141 2 года назад

@@yonisabdull I’m a PhD candidate and defend next month Insha’Allah

@technoterror1129 5 лет назад

Dude somehow you don't make me want to die while learning this stuff haha, I wish my professor was more like you, thanks for the help!

@ArjunSingh-rn3wh 2 года назад

Awesome explaination.

@mrtoast244 2 года назад

fr, my prof is so boring even though he's done some seriously cool engineering work in the past

@sj26843 3 года назад

...I still have no clue 😭😭 Probably going to re-watch this a dozen times, cause it explains it better than my lecturer this year

@nickkraw1 8 лет назад

Thank you for posting this! You explain statistics far better than most teachers!

@ResilientFighter 3 года назад

i have taken over 10+ stats courses, this was very very well explained

@hogrideeeeer 3 года назад

@@NostalgicHearts deez nutz

@gordonramsayjr 2 года назад

Completely agree with you. He can explain in one short video what most teachers try to explain in one week's lecture.

@nihalkhan2541 2 года назад

0.05 probability means that if we will conduct the experiment 100 times, 95 times we will reject the null hypothesis and 5 times accept.... Why?

@picassoofai4061 2 года назад

Approuved.

@michaelsoriano5340 3 года назад

Thank you so much Coach Steve Kerr for this lecture video. Despite your busy schedule as the GSW Head Coach, you were still able to find time and record this important topic in Research.

@justinbatchelder4677 Год назад

ha ha! Love this

@HafizBahar Год назад

Finally! Someone who speaks english! Perfect video showing the real world applications and methodology to come to a conclusion, thank you so much for the entertaining lecture!

@donovanlucibello6420 5 лет назад

Mr. Andersen, I have had the privilege to meet you in person and tell you, "Thank you!," but it bears repeating here. You have no idea how much you have helped me over the years to understand fundamental concepts that are glossed over in lecture leaving my head spinning unable to follow along. I get home, come to RU-vid and watch you unravel the whole thing in < 15 minutes. You are an exceptionally talented teacher, and your work does not go unnoticed. Thank you for your gift of quality instruction to complete strangers on the internet over many years now. I wish that more teachers would watch your style and emulate that rather than trying to rip through slides or go off on pointless rabbit trails during lecture. "Thank you!"

@ahmadsalem8768 3 года назад

Well he probably got noticed now lol

@DrChrisAbraham 6 лет назад

Was that helpful?? God! You have no idea how much I have struggled to wrap my head around this whole Statistics topics. And again, you have no idea what a boon your videos are turning out for me! Many many thanks, Bozeman! You the boss!

@simongonzalez4946 4 года назад

This man needs ALL THE AWARDS. Bruh got me through high school, college, and continues to help me refresh for job relating stuff. This dude is single-handedly responsible for a quarter of millennial contribution to GDP. xD

@shraddha3108 5 лет назад

Crystal clear description of t- Test. I could finally understand this concept. Thank you !!

@mostinho7 4 года назад

Fantastic thank you 3:00 t-value formula compares difference in means to difference in variance of the samples. Like a signal to noise ratio. 4:55 once we have a t-value, we can read from the table and see what p-value that t-value corresponds to. That is the t-test, seeing if our t-value is high enough to give us a low p-value (and if so, then the difference in means is statistically significant and we can reject the null hypothesis)

@Blueberrypancake306 Год назад

This was so helpful! I haven't taken stats in years and have had to partially watch so many videos before finding this one. I really appreciate the clarity and step by step approach!

@bolajiadedasola6369 7 лет назад

you are indeed a great teacher. I love this video. I got a t critical which is greater than my t statistics and this establish the claim of the null hypothesis to be true, so I fail to reject the null hypothesis which means that there is no statistical significant difference between the samples. also, my probability value is greater than my alpha value, so this also tells me that my null hypothesis should not be rejected.

@osamaomer9106 2 года назад

Honestly I understood more by listening to you for 10 min, than I have my whole life listening to mundane lectures or reading notes. And the best thing is that listening to u some how doesn't make me wanna die while studying t-test. Truly u r a gem. Thank you so much

@tootscarlson 15 дней назад

For a person who really struggles with equations and statistics in general, you've explained this very well.

@lilyliu1231 7 лет назад

This is the best way of introducing Student T-Test I have ever seen! Every easy to understand! Thanks!

@serenkuner1280 3 года назад

Watched this during my second undergraduate year, come back as a PhD. student to watch it again :)

@Ureyeuh 4 года назад

I just learned a semesters worth of work for my research in psych class from your account. I have used this account all throughout college. I owe you my tuition.

@Alchemist10241 Год назад

I'm a data scientist, there are a lot of channels which are dedicated to data science, but none of them can explain t-test this much simple and compact.

@eugenaharley7103 4 года назад

I’ve learned more in this 10 mins then I have all semester 😩😩 Thank You so much🙏🏾

@ivantoroman60 7 лет назад

What does it meeeaaan? Thanks for the video man

@nickw22689 6 лет назад

What does that meeEEEeaaAAn?

@gabor6259 6 лет назад

We calculate the mean but what does that MEAN? (why so mean?)

@hubert3802 5 лет назад

a comment I anticipated after watching this video haha

@freedom9729 3 года назад

literally

@ethandaltonofficial267 3 года назад

mate I was saying the same thing too myself ahah

@sams8502 3 года назад

I've been watching and reading lectures for hours, this is by far the best lecture I've seen

@netflixtvb 3 года назад

It is a very great video, i learn t test in high school, pre-uni, year 1, master degree...........now i graduate for 4 years and finally understand this after watching this video, i love youtube!

@user-ee1cs5gm3h 5 лет назад

This video's explanation is excellent! Though I am Japanese, I could not understand T-test, P-value and etc by reading Japanese textbooks of statistics. But now I have understood of them by watching this video. I think, Japanese Professors of all university and college are really bad at explaining in the lectures and of books written by themselves. Thank you a lot!

@lilideedee 2 года назад

funny my Professor is Japanese

@seanmcc15 Год назад

Excellent example in 10 minutes. Thank you

@SuperLslam 5 лет назад

I'm working on a lab report requiring statistical analysis for my data, your 10 minute video did two hours of work for me!

@HE-cm8kt 5 лет назад

Salman Syed I’m working on a lab report too lol

@truegrit7697 3 месяца назад

Wow - I love the way you crunch the numbers instead of using a methods software. Now I understand the PROCESS. It makes so much more sense now. Thanks!

@tousifazmain6205 4 года назад

Finally a video that clearly explained t test. thank you!

@marektomanek1913 6 лет назад

Giving you a big like man :) really great explanation .... I learned the T-Test at university but haven't used it for several years so wasn't sure how to count it and you brought it back to my mind ..... really great video man :)

@TheStrossicro 5 лет назад

Bozeman, I congratulate you. I am horrible at statistics and it is my achilles heel. I can do wonders with data in R, trully. But when it comes to demonstating significance etc... This demonstration (and others) really clarified what was going on and why and where. You know how to teach.

@salmanalbaloushi630 4 года назад

This man deserves genuine respect from students. I wish he was my professor.

@Emeraldxx 8 лет назад

omg... lol I was having trouble with this subject & BAM I get a notification of you uploading this video. THANK YOU.

@mostinho7 4 года назад

Double BAM

@rohitborra2507 4 года назад

triple BAM(statQuest)

@CountGrishnakh 5 лет назад

Thank you so much, very detailed video, and explained perfectly. I had a biology lab report and I haven't taken a statistics course yet, so I had no clue what to do in Biology X since most kids are older than me !

@differdiffer7498 3 года назад

Bozeman, this is amazing. I learnt and solved a problem in minutes. I had a problem on biostat on my desk and needed solution and this video just helped clear it all. I'm super grateful

@peasem7 3 месяца назад

This video was amazingly helpful for my studies this week. Thank you so much for taking the time to make it!

@parisithapliyal1501 5 лет назад

Tomorrow is my chemistry exam for which I m watching ur lessons thanks a lot for this understandable video

@autumnrose8091 5 лет назад

My dude!! THANK YOU SO MUCH we really really appreciate your channel! God bless you xx

@billmichae 5 лет назад

This Prof. is No.1 !!!! Fast and simple lecture that cannot be better!

@paldenwangchuk6790 2 года назад

in the exercise you have given, t value is 0.042 where as critical value is 2.02. in this if i correct, we fail to reject null hypothesis. awesome teacher

@EH_888 5 лет назад

Thank you so much! I have to do this for quantitative analysis, and you've made this process so much easier! Again, this video is much appreciated!

@GregRainsMedia 8 лет назад

I actually get it!!! You sir are amazing. I've been reading all this in my textbook and just not getting it. Thank you so much.

@codybitme Год назад

For someone who just wants to brush up on my old statistics (and have fun), i get this the first time. Omg thanks.

@rocketrider1405 7 лет назад

I like that t-table link you gave because it gives df all the way up to 100 without skipping any values in between

@Precious211 8 лет назад

I got: t=0.206 t-test(p-value)=0.83814447 Therefore, I fail to reject the null hypothesis, meaning there is no statistical significant difference between the two samples. I had a question though...on the excel spreadsheet do I type in: =ttest(plant A, plant B, 2, 2) or (plant A, plant B, 2, *3* )? The last number is for the "type" and excel reads to put in "3" instead of "2" if the variances are not equal for the two-tailed test. The variances I got seem pretty far apart: *Plant A variance= 138.69 and Plant B variance= 226.29*. Your variances were closer to 1, so I see why you put in "2" for the type. When I put in "3" my p-value turns out to be slightly different= 0.83820433 than 0.83814447. Which is more accurate?

@vaibhavghegade7557 6 лет назад

hmm.... Same question here....

@artemioosorio9045 5 лет назад

I got he same results as you did. I had to type in the 2 in place of the 3

@woodchuk1 4 года назад

Actually, a variance ratio of 2 isn’t all that uncommon...the t-test is rather robust to unequal variance as I recall, and you probably don’t need to worry until your variance ratio is over 3, in my experience. If you’re in doubt, you can always use the unequal variance option regardless of your variances, since the statistical power of the two methods is pretty much the same. But since the unequal variance option reduces the degrees of freedom compared to the equal variance option, the corresponding critical value for the unequal variance option will be slightly higher., and thus the p-value will be affected as well.

@ksparikh9807 8 лет назад

BOZEMAN BACK AT IT AGAIN WITH THE SCIENCE ;)

@Bozemanscience1 8 лет назад

+Ks Parikh Been traveling for the last few weeks. Feels nice to be home uploading videos again.

@ksparikh9807 8 лет назад

+Bozeman Science people like us always love the science, statistical analysis and other education videos Thanks Bozeman

@AA-ge6vo 6 лет назад

هه

@AA-ge6vo 6 лет назад

اوحه

@afolabiadetoun2860 2 года назад

You are simply the best teacher in the world, you just made my life very easy right now. Your explanation is amazing!! Every step is so simple, straightforward and less stressful. God bless you for this video. How complicated some teachers can be? They make things so hard to learn and scary such that I feel like flying away..Haba.... Please make videos on SPSS, R and non-parametric test such as Mann-Kendall test whenever you have the time. Remain great!!

@adebayoolufemi2074 Год назад

as a graduate student, i was confused on the difference between unpaired and paired samples. Thanks to this video, i understood everything in less than 5mins.

@georgewang7770 4 года назад

WOW. This is the best explanation I have come across so far. Thank you so much. The analogy SNR is fabulous.

@breakdancerQ 6 лет назад

I wish I somebody showed me this damn video instead going through a readers hundred times and not getting it. Thank you! 🤜

@TheOrrm 3 года назад

right?!

@mHassanAbdelwahed 8 лет назад

you saved my ass, for my exam is tomorrow

@huseyinyilmaz1155 5 лет назад

I have watched many videos about this topic, this one is different. Visualization and simple explanation make this difference. Thank you, Mr.Bozeman

@tinsleyadams9251 2 года назад

Sir, I have been putting off my most important math paper of the year, and I wholeheartedly forgot how to do these tests. Thank you for being my lord and savior while trying to graduate, I hope your life is amazing because you deserve it.

@a.z5381 5 лет назад

Oh my god thank you so much! My biology teachers made zero sense when explaining this!

@ztk7789 5 лет назад

I think its 95% of the time we fail to reject and 5% we would reject since it's based off the null at 5:48

@ajaykushwaha6137 4 года назад

I had the same doubt while watching the video. Did you find the answer to your query?

@samsung6980 4 года назад

I believe the explanation in the video is correct. If the t-test gives you a value that is less than the p-value, then you reject the null hypothesis(the difference between the samples is statistically significant). In other words, you compare the p-value with the critical value (0.05 or 0.025), but compare the t-value(the result after putting the numbers in the formula) with the corresponding cell from the distribution table. If the t-value statistic is 'greater' than the corresponding value in the table -> you reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is 'lesser' than the critical value (0.05 or 0.025) -> you reject the null hypothesis.

@Tony-qw1df 4 года назад

@@samsung6980 THANK YOU. I HATE STATS SO MUCH

@mohammedluqman6954 6 лет назад

Your explanation is simply amazing, in the sense that you answer any question that pops up in my mind at any point of doing the solution! a heartfelt thank you!

@villejunttila1425 2 года назад

Thank you so much for actually explaining the equation. First time I've seen this. It's so difficult for me to use a formula without understanding why it looks the way it does!

@ajaykushwaha6137 4 года назад

No doubt, the teaching, the content, delivery and everything else was incredible. This is one of the best videos I ever found with complete knowledge. I have just one doubt at 8:35 you mentioned that 0.95 is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis. But I was unable to grasp it as it always seemed that it is the probability of the acceptance region. Is it different from Z- test? And it will be great if you could make a video on Z test. :)

@pradeepwhistles Год назад

You are RIGHT! It is the probability of accepting the Null hypothesis. That is how we frame the hypothesis by giving more weightage to Null hypothesis.

@AlAmin-lc6fs 4 года назад

Meaning of 95% confidence level, the meaning that I wanted

@momnamaryam2220 Год назад

Best vedio on youtube about t test that has cleared all my doubts

@eefkemariaduijst2051 2 года назад

i love people who make the time to make these videos so much

@magalihovsepian3169 7 лет назад

You are a genius explaining statistics! ;)

@sujinpark2623 7 лет назад

the link to the excel file does not work. it says 'File not found Sorry, that file doesn’t live here anymore. It might have been moved or made private.'

@CHANTI8947 6 лет назад

Best 10 min explanation of any statistics concepts so far..I liked the usage of visual aids in explaining and demonstrating the calculations. Thank you!

@vivichan3930 5 лет назад

I have been reading biostats for 3 hours and this one video cleared all my queries regarding mean, sd, variance, t test, tests of significance altogether

@stiarait 3 года назад

I don't know how but I understand this now.

@keonkim 2 года назад

This was incredibly helpful! Thank you so much for this amazing lesson!

@parthavaidya9516 4 года назад

Man, you are an EXCELLENT teacher! Wonderful clarity.

@yubaiyuan4832 2 года назад

Thank you for helping my interview!

@VanWarren 5 лет назад

this is freakazoid clear. thank you. dropbox link is dead tho, so can't run the example.

@Tominatorr 8 лет назад

Thanks Mr. Bozeman! You really helped me out! I have actually been studying this and I could never understand it.

@pradiptaguptaindia2026 2 года назад

This is gold, best explanation of statistics, ever

@pradeepwhistles Год назад

For the leaves problem, t-value(0.05 significance level,2 tail test, independent type)=0.803, t-critical value(dof=40,0.05 significance level, 2 tail test)=2.021. Since the (t-value < t-critical value), we fail to reject the Null hypothesis(Leaves in both the plant have the same parameter for which it is tested). Hence, there is no significant difference between the leaves of two plants

@ButterflySimmer 5 лет назад

"use a spreadsheet" oh I wish 😂. Gotta do this in my exam 😂. Thank you.

@loveurself.speakurself.1017 4 года назад

You have done your test already but if you were allowed to use a calculator than it could have done it for you.

@davidchoi33 8 лет назад

I want to see if I am understanding this correctly. We have a t-value of 0.211, p value of 0.838, and df value of 40. Even though the critical value for p=0.05 and df=40 is 2.02, do we say that we don't reject the null hypothesis because it probably won't go below 0.211? Or are we comparing the t-value and p-value directly, which doesn't seem to make much sense to me?

@bolajiadedasola6369 7 лет назад

we are looking at the value of the t stat and the t critical

@bolajiadedasola6369 7 лет назад

if t stat is less than t critical, you don't reject null hypothesis and vice versa. likewise, you can use p-value and alpha value to make judgment as well. if your pvalue is greater than your alpha value, you must not reject your null hypothesis.

@patelkumar3524 7 лет назад

the p value and t value both go inverse to each other

@karansingh-nn1zv 6 лет назад

thank you sooooo much. these 3 lines by bolaji enabled me to get rid of all doubts.

@kylefisher-grant9806 2 месяца назад

This was great-- Nice work on this video. I've been a teacher for a long time and you really hit all the bases-- Thanks for this!

@sanjmeh Год назад

Excellent video, Precise, Crisp and quick !

@erikazetina8857 8 лет назад

I would like to know about ANOVA

@rockyboxers2491 4 года назад

me too

@marj736 7 лет назад

I found this video too late. I have just passed my STAT class. This video would have helped.

@oot007 6 лет назад

by far the best t test video on youtube.

@firstnamenotimportant1818 3 месяца назад

first I wanna thank you for the wonderfull explaination , I did the test and it showed me a 0.838 and that indicats No significant difference and we dont reject the null hypothesis

@Amiinerz 7 лет назад

GOD BLESS YOU

@yoshic3177 7 лет назад

What does that meeeean?

@shekelboi 7 месяцев назад

Student's t-test is such a weird name, glad you mentioned the history of it in the beginning

@mackeylin9387 11 месяцев назад

For those of you who don’t quite get the null hypothesis (H0) yet… Essentially, rejecting it means that the data you found is NOT due to random error. Which means that the difference you’re seeing is real and not something that happened by chance.

@hitylerlake 7 лет назад

I injected mariweed and I dieded

@richardwu9013 6 лет назад

Which one of your joints had a higher average high?

@sujinpark2623 7 лет назад

I think you are the best in the industry! I speak Korean and English, but I am not confident of translating this to professional words in Korean. One day, I want to be able to help you with this! Thank you, You save me for this class ( my professor is very poor at explaining! )

@lasciare-9115 Год назад

thank you for making this video. I finally understand the t-value and the t-test. It's so nice that you even demonstrate how to compute the data in excel spreadsheet. Thank you so much.

@InsideTheBox3 2 года назад

This was a lot better than watching my lecturers 1 and a half-hour lecture on t-tests, thank you (:

@dddivi84 6 лет назад

i was long searching for a video on statistics. none of them explained as simple n neat as you sir.. thanku so much. you are an awesome teacher..

@paul78746 3 года назад

This is a very clear and useful video. One of the best I've ever seen. Thanks for posting this.

@richardgordon 3 года назад

Thank you for such a clear and interesting explanation. I did t-tests in a statistics course I did, but forgot exactly what it was. This video cleared up the problem brilliantly!

@nominkh3346 5 лет назад

These kind of videos make me feel like we should drop the unis and get the true knowledge through an RU-vid :) thanks for the great video !

@MaxJay75 5 лет назад

You explain in an incredibly easy way to understand! Please keep doing this!

@vedantbhardwaj7582 2 года назад

Thank you soooo much Sir, I am an A-level student, and didn't really understand this in school, but the way you have explained it is sooo brilliant. Thankssss!!!

@amandaturner2492 7 лет назад

Thank you for making this video. I'm studying stats as part of a university epidemiology course and this makes the concept sound less complicated.

@karasunono9322 5 лет назад

Other explanation videos skipped the most tricky parts but this video was very helpful!

@bh3302 11 месяцев назад

This was extremely helpful, I can not thank you enough. The mix of you explaining concepts and the visuals is perfect. Thank you for such a high-quality tutorial.

@DiscoveringKolkata 3 года назад

Excellent, but easy explanation

@rutger5000 5 лет назад

Thanks a lot, this is stuff I'm expected to know. But I've never been taught it, nor have I've ever used it. So it's nice to have it explained properly.