The full Form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. As per its name, this model is based on two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). The TCP/IP model is so highly useful that without it, communication in networking would not be as easy for us.
The TCP/IP model is a set of rules designed for storing and transmitting data on the internet.
Protocol:-A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network.
TCP/IP is a protocol through which information is exchanged between devices on the internet network or other network devices. TCP/IP issues guidelines based on which companies manufacture hardware devices. Generally, TCP/IP is implemented uniformly for all types of hardware and operating systems. That’s why various networks can connect with each other due to the common use of TCP/IP.
In the TCP/IP model, the role of the TCP protocol is to divide data into
small segments, and the role of the IP is to route these data packets from
the source to the destination in the network.
History Of TCP/IP:-As we know, in Arpanet, the Network Control Protocol (NCP) was used, which proved to be unsuccessful in connecting a large network. As a result, in 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed a new technique called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). After that, in 1978, following some new developments, a new protocol suite was developed, which was called TCP/IP. Finally, in 1982, the decision was made to replace NCP with TCP/IP, and at last in 1983, ARPANET was completely transitioned to TCP/IP.
Layers of TCP/IP Model:-
1. Network Access Layer
2. Internet Layer
3. Transport Layer
4. Application Layer
1. Network Layer:- The Network layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP model, which is responsible for data transmission in the network. The Network layer describes how data is sent in the network. This layer is a combination of the data link layer and physical layer defined in the OSI model. It is responsible for the transmission of data between two devices on the same network.
Protocols Used in Network Access Layer are:- Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring, x.25, Frame Relay.
2. Internet Layer:- The Internet layer provides connectionless communication in the network, where data is in the form of datagrams. Datagrams contain the source and destination IP addresses, facilitating the easy sending and receiving of data.
Functions of Internet Layer:-
Inter networking:- Internetworking is the interconnection of two or more networks. The main function of the Internet layer is to control this interconnection.
Logical Addressing:-It provides the host with an IP address to facilitate communication between the host and the receiver.
Routing:- Routing involves finding the best path from the source to the destination for data transfer. It determines the shortest and best path for data transfer.
Protocols used in Internet layer are IP protocol, ARP, ICMP.
3. Transport Layer:- The Transport Layer provides a solid and reliable connection for data to reach its destination. When data reaches the Transport Layer, it is divided into data packets, and the data is sequenced. The Transport Layer determines how much data should be sent, where it should be sent, and at what rate. It is this layer that ensures data is sent in sequence in the TCP/IP protocol.
4. Application Layer: The Application Layer is the topmost layer in the TCP/IP model, responsible for providing communication to users. It sends data to the Transport Layer and receives data from it. The primary function of the Application Layer is to handle high-level protocols. This layer allows users to interact directly with applications.
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12 ноя 2023
