Teach me STATISTICS in half an hour! Seriously. 

This is a fantastic overview of statistics! I feel like I'm listening to a great story, and cant wait to hear all the other chapters. As a college student enrolled in stats, I am so glad I stumbled across this video! Your narration manages to take the painfully mundane content of statistics and turn it into riveting story. Thanks to you, the probability of me passing the class just skyrocketed. :)

"perfect for those just enrolling in a statistics course" my final is in 2 hours

"The idea here is for you to develop your intuition around statistics..." I'm all ears. I also have an exam tomorrow.

As a former college instructor of statistics, I must complement the narrator of this series on the value of the short course for the average viewer.

I spent an entire semester crying my way through trying to understand Statistics. Literally sobbing as I was studying. 4 years later and I'm retaking the course (someplace new) and found this video. Suddenly all of the previous class makes sense and I can see what the Prof was trying to do... he just couldn't present it in a way that made any sense. Always in the weeds of details without an overarching idea of what I was looking at. Thank you so so much!

Me, 45 minutes before a 1.5-hour university exam on statistics. ♫ Where is my mind... ♫

0:00 Introduction - 30 minute summary of statistics 1:18 Data Types - numerical (continuous and discrete) or categorical (nominal and ordinal) Steve Curry example, nominal data. Is a proportion considered discrete or continuous numerical variables? 8:04 Distributions - Probability density function - P.D.F. Normal (bell curve), uniform (bi-modal), left and right skew -shapes. PDF is unique to an event and based on data. Probability of choosing data (a player) of a certain attributes (conditions on dimensional attributes - a certain height). Sampling , averaging many events, can be viewed as having a steeping PDF and a lower variance. 13:51 Sampling and Estimation - more data provides better confident interval. Sampling mean - average , must be numeric (mu) Makes sense that none numerical data uses mode and median x (with bar hat) standard deviation (row) - difference from the average, on average s proportion (pi) - is a measure of data, whether nominal or numerical. p correlation (row) - the connection between dimensions r gradient (beta) - change between dimensions. Regression b (theta) - general variable. (and the greek with statistic and english for probability of sampling) 22:30 Hypothesis testing - binomial distribution (PDF) Since 50% is null, 7.5 is the likely outcome, middle of the bell. less than 5% would reject the null. In this case, we'd not reject. We don't accept or prove the alternative, we reject or don't reject the null. Legal system, innocent until proven guilty. 31:28 p-values - our test statistic is 30.4% (area under 9). 35:35 BONUS SECTION: p-hacking I find it interesting that all data is conceptual, or also referred to as nominal (I don’t mean or in the set theory this OR that categorization way, just as a different name for the same concept way). That includes data that is numerical. Just because we assign a character "3," doesn't make 3 not a name. Numerical is a name that can be used as a measure. Measures are about numerical comparison. Both the concept of numerical and measure are tied to counting, while nominal is not. When we say nominal data, we literally mean, a name of a concept, but we also mean "not a measure” or “Lacking ordering of elements.” (Ordering is always a numerical property of “distance” but distance is not always a property of ordering, as nominal data can be given structure and ordinality.) The measure (or what you are calling a proportion of data - where we use numerical values as a comparative evaluation) of a dimension of all or any data (to my understanding - correct me if you disagree with my narrative, I'm only starting to learn about data) can have the attribute (a specific entry of a dimension) of "numerical" (As opposed to "nominal," but if we are being honest, "non-numerical" is more descriptive). I'd argue that reality is continuous. Discrete is the way that we process or model reality. The same way that we process continuous functions that represent physical signals in reality (currents, voltages, energy, ...). We discretize to understand and find meaning. The ship of Theseus is a good example of a continuous reality. I'd even go as far as to say you can't process data without discretization. Calculus and differential equations attempt to approach this continuous reality, but show that the reality is right out of our reach for understanding as we discretize our understanding. Continuity is a form or experience and reality, and, as such can't be presented unless in a discrete way. Other narratives around data types is: 1. Nominal, 2. Ordinal, 3. Interval/Ratio. Both measures (proportions), produced from the given data set, are example discrete dimensions of data. I'd argue that counting is not continuous. Saying numerical data has an attribute of "continuous," isn't illogical. If it is, I'd challenge you to provide an example. To say that data has an attribute of nominal (non-numeric) or numerical, is logical. This topic deserves a whole essay to do it justice. It is worth noting that there is value to comparing the concept of continuous (changes don't occur instantaneously) and discrete, but I suspect we are a little too liberal in our use of saying numerical data is either continuous or discrete. I don't think it is an accurate statement, but it is part of how we communicate meaning. We should change that. Another observations are that the numerical is also ordinal data and that ordinal is a subset of nominal and numerical is a subset of ordinal. The key with math and legal and politics and life, is understanding what and how you should look at something. That is the toughest part about math. Identifying what you are looking at and how you should conceptualize it. Example. It is a function, an equation, and/or a relationship. I suspect it is much the same with Stats and Prob. Great Philosophical video. I'll have to check out some of your others. www.zstatistics.com/podcast

I almost quit my statistics course because I was so lost. This and your other videos are definitely helping me!

I love the calming voice and the lack of a music track in the background, it makes the video so much easier to listen to. So many of these videos are nearly impossible to listen to due to invasive music.

I'm a recently retired British (high-) secondary school teacher of mathematics; your approach appeals to me very much, and is similar to way I have taught the subject. I find your explanations really engaging, relevant and crstal clear! Well done, and thank you for helping to spread a better understanding of mathematical ideas and techniques.

do more of these, I love watching speedrun explanation videos the day before the exam, feels good and you reabsorb so many things just when you hear it from a different source again! friendly greetings from Germany!

Zed, you are an amazing teacher/ professor/ trainer, I must say. You took even challenge so humbly, yet you didn't miss your purpose, i.e., to teach us :) Kudos to you! Im happy I found a guru like you! Now , to answer your 1st question in data for proportion, I think it's continuous data.

I became obsessed with NBA statistics when I was 12 after buying my first basketball cards. There was a problem, some cards didn't include averages, only totals. There were cards that included less seasons, but included career totals, etc. So I to applied the basic statistics I knew to get the missing info (91 pre-internet living in Mexico btw) and I got most of the concepts from doing that, but without the terminology of course. So now I'm trying to learn more so I can fill in the gaps, mainly because I have an interest in risk theory, probability and all things related. Your videos are great and easy to understand, thank you so much!

It feels like listening to a story rather than a class. Great work. thank you

Me watching this an hour before my final 🤦‍♀️

I am an univeristy student from Denmark, and just started on a statistics course, i read the first chapters in my book, and you covered it surprisingly well. I love the explanation, it I can only recommend that after reading some chapters from your statistics books, then go watch these videoes etc. they solidify the info in a fun way, as statistics can be boring. Thanks for your video, you help make statistics fun, looking forward to more videoes! :-)

Goddamn, i spent 4 hrs struggling to know the exact and basic meaning of hypothesis theory and p value, thank god i found this today! Thanks a lot!

I am on the verge of making a change in my job role that involves learning statistics, among a whole bunch of other things, after a decade-long career in ITSM. I was uncertain as to whether I would enjoy spending time going deeper into statistics again. This video is what I needed to get started. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. I have subscribed to your channel, and looking forward to seeing more content in the future. 🙏

statistics in 30 mins... ok I'll challenge myself... Proceeds to set speed to 2x

Even though this video is just an inch longer than 30 mins, it is still a huge, gigantic feat - you have done the impossible once again, Justin. This is a Guiness World Record-worthy effort. Cheers to you 🍻

As someone who needed a review os statistics and wanted to know the concepts and not the fórmulas (My teachers used to just throw formulas) I GREATLY apreciate this video. I am not even that much in to statistics but have my sub man!

Gee I wish I'd found this video several weeks ago when I first started college stats class online. thankfully I have an amazing instructor who understands my frustrations and has helped me sooo much in this class. But I wish I'd found this back 7.5 wks ago when or even before i started this class. this makes so much sense now! Thank you!

Love this narration of concepts that aren't easy to describe (unless you are both well versed in Statistics and good at communicating). Also, I can't help but see the parallel of statistical probability and logic. In university, the course I took in Logic prepared me to think critically - to not assume things must be true or false. Just because there is a large sample size does not mean a definite conclusion can be drawn.

I was watching this video to brush up on statistics concepts I have studied before. It was an amazing refresher and also gave me new perspectives to look at certain concepts and see them in a simpler and more natural light. Thank you so much!

this video is amazing at clearly explaining statistics! it would be great to have a video with the maths to accompany it!

Wow, you have got some great skills in breaking down complex topic and explaining it to others in simple way. Thank you.

Finally clear, thanks a lot!! I will definitely return to this video when will be confusing about something again, because it summarizes all unclear concepts of hypothesis testing from the very beginning, types of data

I read research outcomes regularly, I go straight to the outcome of the research ignoring p values, hypothesis etc bc I don't know what the values mean, but with your teachings I feel I woke up from a great revelation, I see it now, like looking through night goggles in infrared 😂

I've zero understanding of what statistics really is before watching this video. All beginer should watch this!! Best statistics overview ever!

As a Sports Analyst, this video is awesome. Great job. This is inspiring a whole new generation to learn more about statistics. Thanks mate!

After learning most of these concepts separately, it's so satisfying to watch how you went over them in such a simplified and comprehensive way. Thank you so much!

Thank you, thank you for easing the pressure in my brain that is new to statistics. I have read a few chapters, but your video crystalizes basic statistics for me.

Thank you man! Very informative video for those who have just started studying statistics!

Very well instructed Sir! I am going back to school to further my career in business.This video helps a ton with understanding the basic concepts and as you said "building your intuition around statistics" I will send links to all my friends. You rock and just gained a Subscriber. 🍻

Just started Statistics for my BSN in nursing!! So glad to have found this! Thank you!🙏

This made everything much clearer. I am a visual learner do I desperately needed this!

Really appreciate this! Coming to my final in stats, so it's great to have a condensed overview just to remind me of the concepts

Thank you so much for this video! I'm studying for my AP Statistics exam, and your video gave me a really comprehensive big picture of statistics.

Thanks for taking this challenge and sharing with us such a useful video! :-) Can you please also consider making a video with the *mathematical fundamentals of statistics* that would create a good *foundation* for us to be able to *solve any statistics problem?* I will be taking a *college statistics class* but I'm nervous because I've never been good at math. I really wish I could see a well-structured video that teaches me *the core basics* that will help me *perform the mathematics of statistics* and do well in a college statistics class. It can be a half-an-hour class but it can also be one hour or more, as long as the fundamentals are thoroughly covered in a *structured* way. I would still consider it *ambitious* even if it's a few hours long video because it's still much shorter than a college statistics math class, which tends to be 3-4 hours per week, and it lasts for many weeks. I want to know *the math of it* but I also want to see it explained with actual *real world examples.* I have to learn how to do the math in order to do well in the class but examples and visuals help a lot too for remembering things. A combination of both would be best, although the math part is somewhat more important because it can be a lot harder to learn it. I really hope you consider making a video like this because it would help a lot. It would help make my semester feel much less tortuous, if I can prepare ahead of time. Thank you so much for your time! :D

Super interesting! Thank you so much for making this video. I am totally new to statistics and this video helped me a lot. I'll watch the other videos too!

one of the most rewarding teaching videos I have ever seen on youtube. Respect

Thank you. I'm a BA in psychology, but it's been a while and now getting ready for an MA entrance exam this is a really good intro before all the equations come into the picture.

Wow this is the best video I have ever watched... and I have never learnt this much of statistics in my whole 1 semester 🙃 you are the best... am gonna watch all of your videos for sure thanks for your effort, it's really helpful 😊

I always felt bad for this channel having very few viewers compared to its content. I am so happy to see that such a video has 1M views. I hope it gets 10M+ views.

Wow, excellent video, every time I see one of them, I feel more intelligent afterwards.

Excellent analogies. Really helped bring back the stats I learned many years ago. Thanks.

Because my professor was struggling from some personal matters, we only got halfway through the syllabus. I'm glad that there's still videos online like this one where I can still learn those important skills

Great video!! I wish I had you for my lecturer for stats 101, many moons ago!!

I like the way you took baseball players for an example! I felt more related :)

Great intro to statistics! This is also really helpful for when you need a quick recap for more advanced courses to get the intuition again 🤝

This is the reason I have started my channel here to help others understand mathematics like you. This is very good approach in this field ,DAVIKA Academy which is my channel am working on both pure, applied and statistical mathematics. Once more keep it up let us transform the educational sector .

Great video. I’ve been exposed to null hypothesis And p-values Many many times and never had it explain so clearly and succinctly so that I actually thought I understood it. I am a poor student or I’ve had bad teachers or both.

Great video, presented in an interesting way, thank you!

SIMPLEMTE ESPECTACULAR, parece excelente la forma como explico ciertos conceptos fundamentales de la estadistica, y lo mejor es q lo hace con un ejemplo muy particular. buena pedagogia... buen trabajo!!

Thank you!! I can say I feel a little more confident about starting statistics!! Will be checking out more of your videos to get a head start before my semester starts!!!

p-hacking is an interesting way to figure out things that are actually worth going out and doing MORE research on. that's kind of what is neat about data aggregation... there may be emergent trends or effects that can indicate real problems in need of more exploration. For example, in my home region they found that certain area codes were connected to higher cancer rates. This doesn't mean that the area code itself caused cancer, but that there was some phenomenon that resulted in increased rates of cancer. More research revealed it was two key factors: higher rates of persons with sedentary jobs (truck drivers, etc), and higher rates of smoking in a cultural group that was more dense in specific areas. These discoveries made it possible to design meaningful health interventions that could specifically target those groups in that particular sample.

I have started learning Data Analysis. And was looking for something short to get into the game of statistics faster, this video was really motivating. Thank you very much for your effort. I really admire your effort for making this so simple.

Great video. Very clear explanation with great visualization. Very helpful to understand key statistics concepts. Thank you.

Great overview and yet dealt at the right depth!! Very good job.

You have become a part of my study material for an exam in my Data Science class, we did not review much of statistics, only that we are expected to know it already. Many thanks for your contribution!

... Adding to my recent comments: I'm particularly impressed with your superbly clear explanation (and condemnation!) of 'p - hacking' right at the very end of the video; I've just been helping graduate political science students understand the use and suitability of 'Bonferroni' corrections, very closely related to the whole issue of 'p - hacking'! Again, well done, zedstatistics; brilliant!

I'm taking stats now, and we've just gotten to hypothesis testing. This is so helpful! Thank you!

One of the best Teacher of any subject that I have listened to. Well done Sir!

You explain extremely well!... Hoping that my long term memory can retain it all!

I'm reading all these comments about everyone watching right before an exam and I'm here watching 3 weeks before my statistics class even starts🙃 I'm trying to get all the advantages i can!

Absolutely beautifully tailored and well-thought video. Congrats!!!

Statistics grad student here. Great video. Obviously there are a lot of details and examples worth covering also if a person really wants to learn the material well, but this is a great overview/review. Learning statistics will definitely change the way you think and function in the world.

do we have 50% probability of making 3 points by chance ?

Thank you! I'm doing Basics of Epidemiology and I so wish you were my lecturer because you explain everything so well.

Oh my goodness, thank you thank you thank you! I've been struggling with stats for the last 9 months of my degree course, and suddenly it's all starting to make sense!!!!!!

A great clearly articulated easy to understand introduction to a fearsome subject. Thank you.

"p-hacking" seems to be a new phrase for what we called "fishing" in the day. I appreciate your putting this in an intro video!

Well done- I have read so much in my graduate text book on Stats, but the video simplifies 500+ pages of reading into 45 min. Thank you well done.

totally awesome video. i am currently a programmer & wanted to know if statistics was for me. very interested in learning more about statistics now i’ve watched this video. the section on p-hacking was great to know about, & is an honest yet simple exploration of a problem with statistical analysis in poorly conducted research. thanks so much for the information

6:06 six minutes just passed and he lit his first cigarette

Had exams in 40 minutes, thanks this helped.

If only I found out about this channel when I started my MSc! A lot of your content covers the biostats section of our biostatistics and epidemiology module, super helpful for revision though :)

Oh my, this is a fantastic video, wish I had seen this at the beginning of the semester. But I'm definitely going to self-study statistics, after all, is said and done.

Wow! Amazing is the word. Thanks for such solid presentation.

Gonna watch this before my AP test. Someone comment so I remember to edit with my score!

Thanks for this! I did my minor in statistics over 5 years ago so this refreshed my memory on the basics :) I wish my teachers would have been this clear in their communication!

you're a brillianttt !! I'm a pro card counter and we use statistics a lot. I've never loved maths or statistics in my life, I just thought it was cool when I was younger age but wasn't my cup of tea. But now I was interested and started to research and bumped into your video which made it even more interesting!!!! Thank you so much for your hard work and very simple explanations on all of that!!!!

This was really helpful. Thanks for all your videos

Can you do some videos showing how to do Linear regression in different softwares? Excel, Stata etc? it would be awesome!

Great video but choice of sports was wrong , maybe Football or Lawn Tennis which is more universal could have been a better sports. Had no clue what "3 pint percentage " is in Basketball

I've been finding things to share with you. These were some of my hardest time In college. Thanks for making the video

Fantastic and very informative video!!!! Appreciate for your efforts...

Excellent tutorial. You explain articulately and your voice is clear. May I ask you which video maker or animation software you used in creating this video. Thank you. I just subscribed.

Why didn't I watch this when taking my econometrics....very informative videos!

So well structured and calmly presented.

if you put this on 2x speed, it only takes 21mins. Nailed it :o)

Hi Zedstat, if by process of p-hacking you find (by chance) one factor with significance. If you then on that factor collect many many samples that consistently prove that the factor/effect is significant, would you still be doubtful of the process?

This video has the best explanation of Hypothesis Testing and p-value. Wish I would have had access to this video 15 years ago.

I love how you made it about your latest obsession. Being able to mix passion and work is always good.

Statistic is how to know things happened in any population without doing study on all members of population because of lack of sources. So, you have to design method to study sample of population but your result should represent population.

This is the statistics for Non statisticians. wonderful work. a lot of thinking and amazing presentation. eagerly waiting for more videos.

great video. explained beautifully and simplified the concepts. thanks and cheers!

this is amazing!!! I am taking my first stats class in the spring of 2024 and this is so helpful!! Thanks!!!

Thanks for taking the time to make this, my book feels so useless and this helped put me back on track!

BEST STATISTICS CLASS I'VE EVER BEEN TO. YOU MADE IT SO UNDERSTANDABLE AND SIMPLE. MANY MANY THANKS TO YOU!!!!😎👍👍👍