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In the Domesday Book of 1086 the manor is listed as Neuhusam (meaning new houses) and was held by Ilbert de Lacy and his sons.Before the Norman Conquest of 1066 it had been held by Dunstan and Glunier, Anglo-Saxon thanes In about 1155, Henry de Lacy gave it to the Knights Templar, who built Temple Newsam Preceptory on a site near the present house.The Templars farmed the estate very efficiently, with 1,100 animals. In 1307 the Templars were suppressed, and Edward II granted the manor to Sir Robert Holland who held it until 1323 when he was deprived of his estates.The Knights Hospitaller tried to acquire the estate but they were forced to surrender and in 1327 it was granted to Mary de St Pol, the Countess of Pembroke, who held the manor for 50 years. In 1377 by royal decree the estate reverted to Philip Darcy, 4th Baron Darcy de Knayth (1341-1398) It then passed through several members of the Darcy family, until it was inherited by the 21-year old Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy in 1488. Between 1500 and 1520 a Tudor manor house, known as Temple Newsam House, was built on the site.It has also been spelled "Newsham" in the past.
In 1537 Thomas, Lord Darcy was executed for the part he played in the Pilgrimage of Grace and the property was seized by the Crown. In 1544 Henry VIII gave it to his niece Lady Margaret Douglas (Countess of Lennox), and she lived there with her husband Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Their son Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who was born in the house in 1545 and educated there, married Mary, Queen of Scots, by whom he was the father of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. A portrait of Henry and his brother was probably intended to represent the interior of Temple Newsam despite being based on a print of an ideal interior. Following the marriage in 1565, Temple Newsam was seized by Queen Elizabeth I and was managed by an agent.
In 1609 King James I, successor to Elizabeth, granted the estate to his Franco-Scottish second cousin Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (1574-1624), who was a favourite of the King and given many titles and estates, including farmland and coalmines in the local area. Despite his opportunities, Ludovic was in constant debt and he mortgaged the estate in 1614 for the sum of £9,000 (around £860,000 in today's money). In 1622 Lennox began the sale of the estate to Sir Arthur Ingram (c. 1565 - 1642), a Yorkshire-born London merchant, civil servant, investor in colonial ventures and arms dealer, for £12,000, which he paid in two instalments, the last in July 1624, after Lennox's death.During the next 20 years the mansion was rebuilt, incorporating some of the previous house in the west wing.The north and south wings were rebuilt and the east wing was demolished after a bad fire in 1635. Arthur's son, also called Arthur, inherited the estate with its debts and continued the building and renovation work.Six months after Charles I was beheaded in 1649, Arthur Ingram the younger was declared delinquent and he compounded his estates and retired to Temple Newsam.
After the death of Arthur the younger's eldest son, Thomas, in 1660, Temple Newsam was inherited by Arthur's second son, Henry Ingram, 1st Viscount of Irvine (created a peer of Scotland as Baron Ingram and Viscount of Irvine in 1661 - although the family used the English form "Irwin").In 1661, Henry married Lady Essex Montagu, daughter of Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester, a favourite of Charles II.The estate then passed through Henry's two sons and five grandsons, the last being Henry Ingram, 7th Viscount of Irvine. The 4th Viscount brought back paintings from his Grand Tour of 1704-07. Extant receipts from 1692 show women as well as men were employed to work the estate in haymaking. In 1712, William Etty designed a new approach to the house, with a bridge and ponds.In 1714, Temple Newsam was inherited by Rich Ingram, 5th Viscount of Irvine, and his wife Anne who spent a vast fortune furnishing the house and creating the East Avenue.Between 1738 and 1746, Henry Ingram, 7th Viscount of Irvine remodelled the west and north wings of the house, creating new bedrooms and dressing rooms and the picture gallery. A painting in Leeds Art Gallery by Philippe Mercier of c. 1745 shows Henry and his wife standing in front of Temple Newsam House.
15 окт 2024
