easily the most nailbiting series ever. USA had was one loss away from losing the cup..they literally had to win every single race, and one of them they would have lost if New Zeland Emirates had finished within the prescribed race time. This was back when Larry Ellison was bankrolling Team USA with the Oracle boat. They won like , I don't know 8 or 9 races in a row to retain the America's Cup.
I haven't followed the America's Cup for at least 20 years and I had no idea what had been going on. These things are absolutely incredible and I'm sure that a huge amount of innovation will be possible over the next 20 years. I had never thought of a boat being a plane that hasn't quite taken off but the AC75 looks like exactly that.
I have 0 sailing experience or knowledge, but I love that the Americas Cup is doing this. New boats, new technology, room to grow and modify the design. Sailing faster and transforming the sport by pushing the edge of performance. This is what racing is about and the people in charge just made sure 1 more guy will be paying attention come race time. Go team USA!! Watch out for those Aussies and Kiwis! They seem to get on pretty well in the water last time I checked lol. Give em hell and win it all.
The sound of that “sail over” at the end always blows me away. These boats are highly strung machines. I’ve been out on the Hauraki a couple of times as the kiwi boat has rocketed past me - they are an impressive sight up close. The AC has always been about cutting edge sailing technology and the fastest boat, as much as it is the best sailing. Why did the US keep the cup for so long? Because they consistently built boats with an edge over the Brits. I bet the designers of old would wet their pants at the thought of sailing one of these babies.... Or maybe just wet their pants sailing one of these babies! 😁 21st century sailing - bring it on!
I was just marveling at the tech, innovative design and the highly trained crews. We are seeing them with modern eyes. I can only imagine what they would look like to the old racers. The most intriguing thing is how their innovations will make it to mainstream boating.
Actually its all about seamanship and human skill. At least for the country which has dominated the competition throughout its history. The U.S. never built shit as a "nation" and all its winning yachts - including the MANY REPEAT WINNERS THAT WON WITH "OBSOLETE" TECHNOLOGY were/are all privately owned and not "subsidized" by any government at all. If you obsess on "winning" and "national pride" and "technology" instead of improving, personal achievement, independence and skill and a team effort, you get your ass handed to you by "colonists".
@@MultiAlxndr It has nothing to do with "countries" at least in the U.S. and it stays in "America" because "America" won it first and then "donated" it as a prize for succeeding races. Shall we talk about "Royal Yacht Squadrons" and government subsidization of "racing yachts" vs. actual private ownership and legitimate competition?
I can not wait for opposing teams to be going at it in 2021 in NZ it will be amazing. Cast your minds back to Australia 2 & the winged keel 🤔who ever thought it would end up here back then🤯
Everything is cool until they get to the fundamentals of how the foil works. That is a really old theory that holds NO WATER, because hydrofoils do NOT work with pressure variance to create lift. Water is incompressible. Air plane foils don't work like that either, because the diagram is wrong. The water and air is still, it is the foil that flows through the water, parting it. It is the action of parting and the force of the foil on the field of water that it influences. So the water infront, the parting of water molecules, the speed at which the elements is made to move out of the way above and blow and the resulting water pattern after the foil leaves the vicinity. The foils sweep through the water like a squeegy. The foil's angle of attack and profile pushes the water down as it travels through the water, and it is that, that creates lift. The trick is to create maximum lift with minimal disruption to the water around it, so the more laminar flow the foil can create through the water the more efficient the foil. Lift varies with speed, chord length, profile shape, leading and trailing edge design, span, chord, foil thickness, and where the foil sits in relation to the surface because remember it is as much what happens to the water above as below and how close to the surface the foil can get. Finally you have tip vorticies, which need to be reduced to reduce drag. The New Zealanders understood the foil better than ANYONE else by far. They had the smallest foils, with the lowest drag, with most effective lift and least tip vorticies because they knew to keep the foil flat, and as close to the surface with the top protruding the surface to eliminate the tip vorticies at least on one side of the foil. Their strut was also very small, thin and narrow with the strength taken up in the bend and strut structure above the water line, all to reduce drag. This is why they were 2 to 5 knots faster than the Italians who had bigger foils that ran deep in water, hence greater drag. All the teams were playing around with foils because they really had no idea how they really worked, except the NZ team. They got it right pretty early on. They also modified their hull to have the most effecitve aerodynamic profile and lowest front area, so the boat itself worked as a lifting device with the people positioned in such a way to stay out of wind resistance at higher speeds.
Honestly it’s nice, and fun, to have a rivalry. As long as it’s in good sportsmanship. Forgive me if, as a US Citizen, I root for the US. However I do want the best team to win, and right now, the US team has a few deficient members.
As a New Zealander, I'm rooting for us. But you're good dude. Best teams wins. If you happen to be in Auckland when this happens, I'd be happy to take you for a drink or two.
Andrew Gratton fair enough! May the best team win. Right now, it appears to me that NZ has the best team. I don’t have a lot of confidence in Spithill. Either way, cheers to good and safe races!
As an old Frenchman, I can't resist thinking how Tabarly would have reacted to that technology ??? I'm sure he would have been completely crazy-happy about these flying monohull sailboats 😀😀😀
My father was a test engineer working with hydrofoil designer William Carl in the 1950's & early 1960's. We had a Sea Wings Hydofoil runabout. What I do not understand is the balance of the AC's. Why do they run Bow Down?? If you watch them run and watch videos of them crashing, they dig their bows in. The foiling catamarans do the same thing but they would pitch pole further endangering the crews. It seems as if the rear foil is keeping the stern down not holding it up. And I agree that the designers of old would wet their pants knowing the boat could crash at any moment and then need a host of support craft to right them after they crash.
@@samuelzackrisson8865 You are right. Pitching forward makes the top of the mast lean forward & the center of gravity move back. This gives the boat greater ability to eat out to windward better (pointing higher). Thus, the boat that points higher will win.
Like all other technologies we are increasingly shifting expertise and proficiency away from the operator to some design engineer . . . . . Dont get me wrong - - there's still a great deal going on that these crews need to master to be competitive BUT if we could accurately map the percentage of contribution to "the win" which resulted from human knowledge of the sailors as compared to the technology of design of their boats - and plotted that mix over the last 50 years - - - - we'd see a gradual decline in the contribution of the sailors and an increase in the contribution of the designer. It's "progress" - according to someone. I for one, prefer any competition which subordinates the technologies to human proficiency. It's far more interesting and full of human intrigue. Rhetorically - how long before an F1 "driver" gets into the cockpit and at the green, simply pushes the "GO" button?
@@TheNikotin33 I don't know for sure. I think they would like to keep as much "human" in the mix as possible, bit it is just impossible for the foils because they're too heavy.
It is my understanding that the cross-sectional shape of a plane wing adds about 10% to the lift - its the angle of the wing that does most of the work.
Can't speak to the 10% figure, but you're correct that it's a positive angle of attack that induces the lift generation process which will happen the same way when you push any relatively thin object through a fluid. To understand the true mechanism of lift generation search for "Stagnation points", "Kutta Condition" and the idea of a "Bound Vortex" . Basically any time you increase the angle of attack of a thin object (particularly if it has a sharp trailing edge), the forward stagnation point drops lower on the leading edge (or even below it) while the rear stagnation point stays pinned to the sharp trailing edge (Kutta condition explains why). This means fluid that is forced to split and pass above the forward stagnation point has to follow a longer path to reach the rear rear stagnation point so it travels faster. It's not a matter of equal transit time (that is a myth), but equalizing pressure above and below each stagnation point (which by definition are points where the pressure above and below are the same, and the local flow velocity is zero). The fluid above the foil actually travels *faster* than the free stream fluid and reaches the trailing edge before the fluid that went below the foil. The net effect is that the faster moving fluid above the foil is deflected downward behind the trailing edge and the net downward deflection integrated over time equals the total lift generation of the foil. The significantly faster moving fluid above, and slightly slower fluid below can be visualized as a rotating vortex that moves forward at the same speed as the foil, also known as a "bound vortex". The shape of this vortex varies with desired speed and loading. Any time the bound vortex separates from the foils surface, it creates localized vortices (stalling) and this adds drag. The goal of foil design is to make its shape follow the bound vortex flow lines over the desired operating speed/loading to avoid separation and added drag. In the end the bound vortex determines the shape of the foil, not the other way around.
@@daemn42 It always makes me cringe when I hear the Bernoulli equation explanation for flight. Its 90% mass transfer. If you force something down the reaction force is upwards. I get it these are hardcore sailing guys and now Aerospace people but you know there are hundreds of fluid sim guys supporting these teams who a facepalming. The pressure diagrams they showed in the video shows the exact opposite effect. There are many ways to estimate lift but pretty much none of them assume equal travel time over both sides. The long story is we dont have a complete understanding of everything that makes a plane fly but we have ALOT of very good estimation techniques that are backed by test data with alot of BUTs attached to them. The big buts here are in-compressible (water), no slip condition (higher viscosity), pressure drop will result in cavitation so you have a floor of the low pressure area (you need thin foils or low camber or low angles of attack), extremely limited angle of attack (sharp foils). I haven't taken a stab at this design problem but this points towards a very high aspect ratio with very low wing loading, think glider except this has flaps to account for the very limited angle of attack range you get with such a long distance between the rudder and the foils. What I'm curious about is the drag on the rudder from the very high asymmetric drag. Unless the boat is designed to fly sideways a bit.
I wish they get back the 12-meter boats or the AC boats that when up to the year serious 2007. To me, this isn't saying anymore it's flying on the water!
@OldPlaces They're impressive boats with engineering and Technology. I just feel as you watch the sport of sailing, that tactics, crewmanship, sail sites and of course what takes place during a start of race have all gone out the window with these boats. Watching the previous era of monohull boats you could look at things that might improve your sailing on your boat. I just don't agree with your opinion that this is pure sailing because the style of boats there is many things but you don't have to worry about with going upwind or downwind. I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree.
@OldPlaces and I agree with you on that I just wish we could get back to that style without the foils and the things that make it look like catamarans or trimarans. Once Upon a Time it used to be about the water line issues on a boat and I just feel that this new era of sailing has gotten totally away from that. I also get that it's because of the rules of the American Cup where the defender gets to choose what they want to race in. I feel that we got into this style because some of the Defenders were scared that the Challengers were becoming progressed with their technology of a monohull.
This type of foil system for monohull sailboats has an international and New Zealand patent that belongs to a naval engineer called Manoel Chaves. The system is called SBS. The true history of this system will be revilled in the next months.
America’s Cup defender Emirates Team New Zealand comments on the situation: “In July 2020, we responded to the allegations made by Mr Chaves. The design of the AC75 foil cant system has not been copied or inspired by Mr Chaves’ design in any way, nor does it infringe any patent. As we have explained to Mr Chaves, his patent requires features not found in the AC75 yacht. We simply reject the allegations and have explained why those allegations are wrong. Emirates Team NZ will strongly resist any infringement allegations Mr Chaves may choose to bring. Every good idea has 1000 fathers.”
The AC75 is a flying sailboat, that is totaly different from hte SBS which only helps in stability. If you would try to fly with it... it would break of. Cause it hinge is also the motor that lifts it out and in the water. The AC75 has only a hinge at the hull connection and a lever inside where the pistons atache
For 1/1000th the cost of just One of these boats, the team could build and donate an entire legion of sailing dinghies plus sailing classes to every marina in the nation.
On a scale of 1 to 11, theses video makers have really dialled the excitement level up to 3. Then not bothered listening to their edit. Top animations though...
Didn’t think they could do less of a yacht than the cats, but i was wrong. Now theres even less or no part if the boat even touching the water. Its just a cool race now, not a yacht race. Probably wont be any rubbing is racing moments that used to be so cool but now could take this out of the race and could hurt someone really bad if they get hit with that foil while its up in the air. That was some of the best parts of the races. Speed should be awesome tho. Battery and hydraulics also, not just man power, oh well.
Cool - however the fact that most of the crew is grinding and grinding all the time reminds one of an ancient slaveship. Why not allow a battery pack with a limited capacity, adding another challenge: balancing energy and manoeuvres.
The Grinders are creating hydraulic pressure that moves the sails and foils, with and by human effort. A condition in the rules. A battery pack removes the required human effort.
@@josephinebennington7247 Apparently the foils are weighted for heeling force. The amount of energy required would set a pretty long timer on tacks, which aside from being kinda dangerous would be a bit boring. I dont know what the numbers are but those hydraulics are going to be working very hard. There is alot of vertical displacement there.
The fastest sailing boats around the world are Foilers. They actually are smother over rough water more so than traditional boats having to bob up and down over the waves.
@@CapriceV6 As long as their foil 'legs'are long enough! Hit a decent wave at whatever ridiculous speed these things are flying at, and all bets are off! :D
Compared to IMOCA and Ocean Race boats, the AC boats are near shore day sailing boats that are not designed to sail in extreme conditions. It is one of the reasons why they do not need a keel. They more than likely can handle a bit of chop. Though, unless the rules have changed, they would most likely not be out in full blown gale force winds, which the IMOCA and OR boats are. If you look up these boats, you will see that besides the keel, which is a canting one, they have gone with a flat bottom hull. Their foils are upwards curving moustaches that in addition to lifting the boat, act as brace that counters their heeling of the boat. While the foils do lift boats, rarely have them running flat over the water, as the ACs do. Their bows are dreadnought like, leaning into the boat and whose deck sides slope downwards to help dissipate the energy and weight of the waves breaking over their bows minimizing the effect of their downward force. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-qBQcDZC_r2c.html
And that has actually been true of most of the America's Cup classes since America herself. The J boats and the 12 meters wouldn't go out if there was a small craft advisory.
I have been intrigued by the mention of a “battery-driven hydraulic power unit” in this video: “The AC75 - Designed to fly”. I understand that this hydraulic unit is needed to manoeuver the cant of the foil-bearing outrigger spars, and also to adjust the aileron angle of the submerged foil. The 2017 America’s Cup races were fascinating to watch, but - seeing half of the crew permanently winching or cycling during the race - one could not help reminiscing about the “bonevoglie”, those voluntary rowers in the XV° & XVI° century military galleys! So the ”Foil Cant System“ (FCS) is a welcome innovation. But there are interesting questions about the 2021 America’s Cup rules that govern the use of this FCS. Presumably, this system incorporates an accumulator, which is recharged by a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor which itself is powered by a set of rechargeable batteries. There are also electronics, particularly to command in real time the aileron angle of the submerged foil. My interrogations are : •-Are the hydraulics solely dedicated to the FCS? I.e. are they barred for use on the sails halyards & sheets? •-Is the rule-authorized battery capacity governed by a determined weight (i.e. same battery weight for all boats) or by a determined kWh capacity? •-Is the FCS energy capacity such as it can endure the whole duration of the race? Or on the contrary, must the FCS be resupplied with outside energy (e.g. after a number of tacks)? •-If outside energy is needed, does it come from human power (winches, pedals) or does it come from the water stream? I have heard in another video mention of a “Venturi system”, but one can also imagine a small water turbine installed in the midst of the rear foil. And if there is a stream-generated energy source, how is its design covered by the rules? •-One can also imagine a composite system where human power is required to replenish the batteries (if these are low after a number of tacks), while the “venturi/or/turbine” provides the small electrical power for electronic guidance of the foil ailerons. I’d be quite interested if you can provide answers to these questions. Thanks for this good video. -•
Those guys look so busy, what are they doing turning that crank? It looks like they’re spinning that thing all the time whether the boat is turning or not
The rules state that to move a sail or foil it has to be done via cable, hyrdrolic or battery. As these new boat systems are too heavy and complex to move by wire, they have chosen heroic powered by battery. the issue is that the only way to charge the battery by the rules, is by human power. Thus, they're always turning and turning the generators to keep the batteries topped up. It's nuts!
Amazing machines, amazing developments and great to see so much technical versatility. I hope the boats look different but perform on eye level overall. Otherwise this will be as boring as Larry Looser's America's Cup 33 Technological advances and spectacular boats are amazing, but only if they make for enthralling, captivatingly close match racing where the crew, their wits and skills make at least as much of a difference as the boat they're sailing. I fear the different design philosophies will result in one boat being superior, but I guess even then the upcoming America's Cup has good potential to be better than the shitshows that AC33-35 have been. But please surprise me and let the action be as good as AC32
@@xFD2x that's really not the driving factor. I dislike any boat class where the costs of manoeuvres are too high to allow good tactical matchracing. If you can't tack to cover an opponent, because you'll loose too much ground, then it's just about boatspeed and plotting the best course. There's plenty of race formats for that. I"d prefer the America's cup to be the pinnacle of match racing. But that's just my opinion Multihulls are truly impressive machines, no matter whether they are smashing records in the Vendée Globe or whether they are offering great fleet racing at the Olympics. And the AC 72's were also awesome developments. But the America's cups where they were used in were just all about straight line speed and didn't offer interesting match racing.
@@knutpohl339 AC#35 (Bermuda) offered quite some match racing. And the boats were agile enough to make it interesting. But hey, that's my (who loves multihulls) opinion.
Cool boat, not for match racing. Good thing the AC isn't a match race where close quarters tactics is more important than out right speed... Oh wait, it is.
The airfoils are not the key to dynamic soaring (although - their design IS influenced by the flying speeds the designer expects) - - - the key to dynamic soaring is the use of energy present in a "shear" or air masses of different speed or direction. While significant ground or airspeeds are possible using this technique, the ability to navigate a specific course while also sustaining those speeds would be a challenge.
@4:30 and @6:00 slightly incorrect explanation of wing lift there. Bernoulli's principle (faster flow speed above, lowers pressure) is a mathematical fiction. All real fluid pressure is a direct impact of molecules. If not you'd be unable to fly an aeroplane upside down. So it's the angle of attack of the wing that creates the lift. The asymmetric tear drop shape of the wing/sail is designed to lower drag, that helps with lift but is not the core explanation for lift.
Посмотрите ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-HqpD0NUY6uw.html последние 20секунд. Там яхта со свернутыми парусами идет почти с такой же скоростью. Что её приводит в движение? Ни фига не понял! Ведь сзади у них тоже крыло, а никаких винтов нет.
I wonder if the hull shape is really going to make much impact if it rarely if ever touch’s the water whilst racing? It looks to me that the aerodynamics effect of the hull would be more critical than the hydrodynamics. If true how bizarre that we are saying this about a ‘sailing boat’!
It must have a big impact for at least two reasons. Firstly, the shape of the hull affects how quickly the boat gets up on the foils. Secondly, the drag caused by the hull slows the boat down once it's up on the foils. Those requirements largely conflict so I'm sure this is a taxing issue for the designers.
It is neither fish nor fowl so must be fast onto its foils (hydrodynamically efficient) with minimum aerodynamic drag. It is never airborne so technically does not fly
Pretty interesting. The technology of #Hydrofoiling was #Popularised by #TheBillabongOdessey Movie in the 2000s which featured #LairdHamilton #HydrofoilSurfing.
I don't think its a bold prediction to make, but we are going to see one of these broken into several pieces very soon. Its part of the show in F1 so why not AC?
@@CapriceV6 Ow, scritch! I think there will be wholesale destruction, regardless of nationality. ... I hope you are around to give me the opportunity to say 'Í told you so!'
How do these boats sail downwind? The boom seem to never go out. Im new to sailing. I'd like to see the technology behind the points of sail. These things are crazy.
