The Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 

Another great video but I have some questions. Firstly, you didn’t give an approximate date for East Anglian settlement nor its formation as a kingdom so can you let us know when those happened? Also, why are your sources so old (1950s and 1980s)? Shouldn’t there be more updates sources, archeological findings, etc about this? You can also look into a collab or getting sources from the RU-vid channels History with Hilbert (He’s in the ASNAC programme) and History Time.

@@overdose8329 @Overdose Sure. The sources used were primarily selected as they were both available (using university resources), and when compared with other sources offered much of the same and valid information. The age of the sources doesn't negate their accuracy or validity, and while of course we are open and searching for better sources with more information, the ones used provided the information required for the depth of investigation we needed to conduct for this video. While of course newer sources may offer further insight, the insights they do offer didn't seem to offer too much with regard to the narrative we told Of course though, realities do affect just which sources we have available. Sadly not every source is available for whatever reason, yet the ones we used I personally feel offered enough information and, given what was read and compared with the other background reading we conducted, seemed wholly acceptable.

I would love to know where you found the landowner register. History and genetics are subjects that I research a lot & no matter how well you Google sometimes you are always at the mercy of an algorithm. Finding information in today's world is getting harder and harder because it should be posted online for everyone to see but it is constantly being blocked somehow or censored. Anytime I can find a reliable source for firsthand information I jump at that chance

@@calum5975good explanation. And love that name Wuffa.

Mhm. Not only that but the current Monarch isn't even that German. Useful Charts broke down the ancestry of the British Monarchy. (Although given Prince Phillip belonged to a German noble house, I suppose Charles will be much more German than the Queen was)

Perhaps because the Normans didn’t even think of themselves as French?

Huh?

@@kevin6293Correct, but more germanic than every monarch before the Hanoverians and their descendents took over England/Britain in the 18th century from the norman-scottish Stuarts

William III?

Thank you so much for those words!! :') Fingers crossed!

Where is it rated? I'd like to see how it compares to others. Is it even in the top 10?

Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it!!

It's interesting, because watching History with Hilbert a few years ago. Apparently, British universities were doing away with any history courses studying Anglo-Saxon events, because it was a misleading and racist term.

A very interesting time to me! At school we were told about the Romans invading southern Britain in the First Century AD and then the Norman invasion in the Eleventh Century AD. That millennium in between was written off as just the Dark Ages and was in fact two very interesting eras, Roman Britain and then Pre-Conquest Britain. This channel is educating us about Pre-Conquest Britain.

Indeed considering that Gildas, the only real source we have from the period, mentions him, if not by that name.

Seriously the early middle ages are underrated and underappreciated

Know History liking your comment that is now 2 months old gives me hope

Thank you! :D

Next video when?

@78cunobelin -The word Sheriff is from the English word 'Shire Reive' which predates the crusades. The Arabs didn't invent the word 'Shire' but the Persian/Hindi word 'Shahir' is very close. Shahir = City. Hebrew and Syrian for City is Ir (Iraq) (Iran) sounds like 'eer'. Maybe Shahir comes from Shah ir. (Royal City) Still working on it The Arabic word Sharif is from the Hebrew word Seraph which means burning snake. Took me years to find this out. The similarity of the names is a bummer

@@joedee1863 well, it is all proto-indo-european so perhaps it is all the same ;)

@@78cunobelin - it's fascinating stuff. I like languages and keep stumbling over words thinking ''how did that get there ?" I knew the word for " keep quiet " in ancient Hebrew was HUSH ! But just the other day I find out the word for 'dumb' is DUMA. [Isaiah 4:6] נִדְמ֥וּ n damu.

@@78cunobelin - except for Semitic languages,

Shire Reeve

Interesting. I think this theory is probably also supported linguistically

perhaps the Celtic names were adopted, just as Norman names were adopted after the Norman conquest.

@@puskascat Wessex wasn't conquered by Celts though.

@@RyanMatthewCampbell I don't agree, since there was clearly human settlement in that area before the Celts came to Britain. Even in Ireland there are pre-Celtic place names that have survived to the present.

@@seaghanobuadhaigh8240 huh? What does that have to do with the Kingdom of Wessex' founders have Celtic personal names? Wessex was an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom, not Celtic or pre-Celtic.

An excellent idea. Sadly our knowledge on such topics is considerably less, but I'm sure we can start research into it. Perhaps the Kingdoms of early Medieval Wales.

Many historians reckon this Anglo-Saxon thing was largely made up by monks, isolated in their abbeys. For instance, an Anglo-Saxon burial ground near Updown, in Kent, was found to contain the grave of a African descended child. See: Daily Mail Updown.

​@@johnpatrick5307 we wuz angelo saxenz

​@johnpatrick5307 except the "Anglo-saxon" thing has been proven with genetics.

DNA evidence continues to demonstrate that, contrary to old concepts of ethnic cleansing, Celtic and Germanic peoples merged pretty early on to begin to create an English culture and ethnicity. Many other cultures have adopted the language of other cultures (the Irish, Welsh, and Scots as a pretty notable example!) and these kinds of transitions frequently take a good length of time. On top of this, it probably didn’t hurt when Augustine of Canterbury converted Aethelberht to Christianity, thereby allowing Christian concepts to be, more or less, disseminated by way of the English language and thoroughly endorsed by the Vatican. A little while later the Synod of Whitby more completely aligned the Church in eastern England with Rome. Consequently, the Celtic Church (and languages?) in the rest of England was on the ‘wrong’ side of favor and, ultimately, history. From that point onward, the hegemony of the English language became inevitable in the British Isles.

Thank you! I hope you're right :')

Thank you so much!

Interesting you mention this - the Canter is named after Canterbury! Canterbury was the holiest christian site in England, and one of the holiest in all of Europe. Saint Thomas Beckett was murdered there on the orders of King Henry, and a cult developed around him which consumed England. Going to Canterbury was something many people would try to do. Many people took horses of course, and would take a relaxed riding pace known as a Canterbury Gallop, a Gallop to the City of Canterbury. Fast forward a few hundred years, Canterbury Gallop is reduced to Canter.

it's real however! Only recent decades of Neo-Marxism and Neo-Liberalism under weird agendas are denying it and saying it's not true! Clearly political motivation.

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 What?

@@calum5975 Did Henry order his murder, or just "hint" that he'd be happy if someone were to do it?

Yes they are (same context) they were living in a march (borderland) situation with the celtic rhaetians and later romans just like the mercians with the welsh or the use if Mark in German when referring to Brandenburg and its people Aswell as Denmark

Thank you! :D

Looks like most of it is from Crusader Kings 3

Thank you!! :D They're from a game called Crusader Kings 3!

He was pronouncing it Ch not Se tbh mate. The Ch sound was used because the Anglo-Saxons were an Ingaevonic People, just like the Frisians, who also used the Ch Sound instead of the Hard K Sound. A lot of the Hard K Pronunciation of Anglo-Saxon words, that are still in Today’s English, came into English from Norse and Danish Influence…

He's got an accent of some sort which may be affecting it. He say "myff" in place of "myth" and "fought" in place of "thought" and "brovers" in place of "brothers". See 3:34.

Tolkien was the foremost authority on Anglo Saxons and wrote the Oxford Dictionary, id trust his knowledge.

@@Excommunicated-ei1ep I believe that the letter C was pronounced as "k" in Old English. In Welsh and Irish the letter C is always "hard" like K and those languages don't need the letter K in their spelling for that reason. In English the "soft c" convention where "c" becomes "s" if it directly followed by "e, i or y" seems to be a later medieval invention and why Middle and Modern English need to use the letter K . In Old English there was a letter called "yogh" which looked like a "Z" or a "3" and represented a guttural sound, perhaps the Gaelic "ch' sound as in "loch" OR perhaps the "Dutch G" sound, OR perhaps both.

@@michaelhalsall5684 Sometimes is was Pronounced as a Hard K Sound and sometimes it was Pronounced with a Ch Sound, depending on Dialect or Grammar. The Ch Sound, as in Cheese or Church, which is similar in sound to todays Frisian, which has the Ts Sound, similar to Ch. Ch: Cheese/Ts: Tsiis. Because of this Ch/Ts Sound and other reasons, Anglo-Saxon and Old Frisian, are often called “Anglo-Frisian”. Because we both make up “Ingaevonic”…which is 1 of the 3 Main Branches of West Germanic.

England's slimy spawning, you mean

Englands raucous conception in thy privy chambers.

@@cjclark1208 was it a cross species union, with both the Lord Privy and the Great seals doing their bit? :)

AH! A WILD OLD NARRATOR APPEARS!

@@KnowHistory Moonie smells.

@@calum5975 moonie smells wonderfully

Yes, and one on the people before the Celts.

not yet! perhaps this summer!

Southern Saxons on the other hand, were killed by imposotrs

​@@Judah132 there was enough sex counties in England perhaps

That's good 😊

The ancient prehistoric people of Nossex, Homo Nonerectus also died out centuries earlier for two very obvious reasons.

i'd recommend the British History Podcast if you want to bring more light to this period. it's a very detailed and fascinating account of all of recorded british history in chronological order, which has only recently reached Hastings.

@@parkerprice6787 Thank you! Great idea!

I'm sorry but the research done and even a quick Wiktionary search shows this isn't the case. March / Mark did mean, and continues to mean "Borderlands" in both English and German. I'm unsure if the word has evolved somewhat in Nordic languages, but the meaning when Denmark was named it definitely meant "Borderlands (Mork in Old Norse) of the Danes. While Mark does in some form mean "land", it's just not any land. It's specifically land that borders a border. You can reduce that to simply refer to the borderlands as "the border" When we said 'border' we didn't solely mean the invisible line dividing two countries but the general region of that. You are correct about the Saami though. I'm surprised you still refer to Saami as Finn's. We use to call them Lapps in English, but this term is regarded as offensive now.

@@calum5975 As I said, I'm not questioning the meaning of the word in English (or German), only the comparison to the names in Danish and Norwegian, where the word has indeed evolved to mean 'land' rather than 'borderland'. You can read about that on Wiktionary as well. It makes sense, since Denmark is THE LAND of the Danes, not the borderlands. Same goes for Finnmark. I am Swedish btw. We used to call the Saami Lappar (pl.) but not any longer. The area is still referred to as Lappland though, but also Sapmi if you want to be PC 🙂

@@John_Jim Yes, the point is though, the name of Denmark is older than the modern Danish language. It's from old Norse, and in old Norse the name means "March (borderland) of the Danes". The modern Danish words that evolved from those older Norse words don't specifically matter. The Old English words were much firmer cognates of old Norse "Mork" (from which Denmark evolved) than the modern Norse forms. The modern meaning of Mark doesn't matter - it's like using the modern definition of a word to define a word from the 500s. It's an anachronism. Therefore, Mercia and (Den)mark are cognates. They've both evolved considerably (Mercia being a Latinised form of Meirce and Denmark a slow evolution from the old Norse name) English has strangely and interestingly retained the old Germanic meaning much firmer than Danish or Swedish, it appears.

@@calum5975 I get you. I did not know the 'mark' in Denmark originally referred to the southern borderlands, but thought it was simply the land. I found the Wikipedia article about it. The etymology of Finnmark seems to be not as easy to find.

For you and all others everywhere where mark marc or some other derivitive of it is present, it represents germanic speaking borderlands with non germanic cultures such as Sorbs, Celtic or Finnic or in Denmarks case the North/West Germanic devide, have a nice day y'all

Do you mean the river "Humber" ? If so It's the large estuary that separates Mercia and Northumbria and even today is the border of both Lincolnshire and Yorkshire and hence northern England and The east Midlands. It's the estuary in the north eastern part of the map

I agree....as Saxon german from Westfalia....the old home of the westsaxons.....they are similar to us

New Hampshire, I imagine.

Kurdish and Latin (where Hept comes from) are related languages! It's very interesting to see such similar words in such distant languages! It's an amazing way of seeing a common ancient heritage between vastly different modern groups!

@@KnowHistory yes, indeed... The numbers in Iranic languages are most similar to those in Slavic, but they also have cognates in Germanic and Latin etc. Some similar numbers to English are Chor = four, hesht = eight etc, also the word for horse which is ostor is exactly the same as the equivalent word used in Icelandic.

Eu sou português sim ahah, mas o narrador é britânico mesmo ahah

@@KnowHistory ah, entendo...

Not discarding, appropriating is more accurate. Christians established this dating system and changing the AD/BC identifiers is appropriation. Use the Christian dating system as intended, or come up with your own.

@@rcgunner7086 Sounds like you either can't read or don't understand the Christian dating system.

not released yet, life has been extremely busy, but i plan to release it till the end of the year if everything goes smoothly

​@@KnowHistory end of the year xD 😅

Sussex was based on the area the Regni tribe inhabited, so it’s an older region.

The weald had a lot to do with that. Sussex was a very remote place then in many ways

The weald was around 90 miles long and 30 miles deep in those days

Tall, Thick set ,wide shouldered Jutts, who are now known as Kents who love farming and animal breeding seems a plausible case to me. I'll put money on it.

Kent was first kingdom in world was held in high court Mt Olympus to be just that with an order of first five commandments by the emperor of Rome along with its statesman. Held in high court by the highest of Roman empire and God .

Jutz didn't come til counterfeit 2nd kingdom arose by not having authentic statesman or churches which was London England kents neighbor. When that happen the pix was invading so the king of England thought he could call for some help and sent an order to a legit statesman of Kent which made it to high court as statesman put order thru to Roman empire and was held in there high court Mt Olympus and when vortigan did so he exposed all his counterfeit doings with his requesting an order of mercenary s to help defend and exposing how he went about being a copy cat mocking God order of Kent and did not have blessing so doing so he exposed himself to be counterfeit to God in God's name In high court that day . Also Hengist and Horsa was summoned and God told his sons will give Vortigan what he requested and also I want him also served and order to vacate that stated this my Son's of Wihtgisl, Sons of Witta , Sons of Wecta, Sons of Wodan arose of and are the only Royal tender and of south Abrams. God told his boys to serve that order and make London one with Kent as it's an order to get mercenary s aka jutz and along the way home to rally the ANGLO SAXONS COBURG GOTHA letting any willing man that wants to fight ride along with the order . Vortigan thought it was a big laugh til he was invited to a Feist and all but one other than vortigan survived. vortigan left London high and dry never to return to England murdered by his own corrupt Welsh son counterfeit King Author of Welsh .

And anglo saxon england was a highly influential kingdom nobles had little influence earldoms where ruled by eldormans which was nonheriditary and they where appointed by the king as officials and underthem white counties earldoms then where devided into counties or Shires

Finn (Suomi) has absolutely nothing to do with "finish", as in the end of something. Finn comes from "Finnas" (Old English), which is in turn from "Finnr" (Hunter) in Old Norse. The Sami were the refered to as this originally, yet due to missidentification the term became applied to the Suomi, a different but related people. The name is very simply "Mark of the Finns". This can be seen in various sources.

That's a fascinating story in and of itself. The Sussex Rapes (subdivisions of Sussex were called that!) were rather isolated, the geography ensures that somewhat. Also, for some reason or another the Sussex kings were simply slow to adopt the faith, so building churches was delayed. But really, "Susssex Rapes". Damn. What a quirk of English😅