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its an observation and used classical conditioning to give lil albert a fear of furry rats etc. his fear becaem overgeneralised and this was all videotaped. to counter u could say its hard to infer from a baby, could be issues of temperament rather than being conditioned or even that there is ethical issues
Hi, thank you for this video. Could you explain how operant conditioning is a voluntary response because I thought behaviourism followed hard determinism, and voluntary would mean decision-making which is a cognitive element? Also, is Pavlov's study an example of behaviourist psychologists using lab studies? I thought it was a field Thanks
Hi, I'm new to this but with what I've studied so far in operant conditioning, individuals act voluntarily because they are motivated through the positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. In classical conditioning, the response is automatic and involuntary, like the dog drooling when he listens to the footsteps approaching.
Thanks! 😅 If you have the time could give the app a review? The better the reviews are the more people are happy to download it, and I get to reach more students from the app store suggesting it 👍
I wouldn’t say deep, but you need to know enough for your AO1. 16 markers (without an ‘item’) are split into 6 marks for AO1 (knowledge and understanding of theories, procedures etc.), and arnd 10 marks for AO3 (evaluation -analysing information and making judgements on it, basically giving positives and negatives). For your 6 AO1 marks in a 16 marker for example, you need to write a rich enough paragraph. But it doesn’t need to be excessively long, or excessively full of info. It depends how you work. Some ppl can work quickly and so can write much more for their AO1 section in a shorter amount of time. Some have a stronger memory, or have simply revised more effectively, so similar thing happens, and they remember more for their AO1. But all in all the AO1 marks are still capped at 6 marks, so knowing how the marks are distributed for each question type is very vital in letting you know how much to write for each Assessment Objective. So in short, you just need to know enough. With more practice on questions you’ll get more familiar and will more easily be able to gauge when writing, if this is enough information for this specific question. Do a practice 16 marker on Skinner and/or Pavlov, show your teacher and get them to mark it, isolating the marks into 6 and 10 so you know how much marks you get for each section (AO1 and AO3). Then you can go from there. And use mark schemes too. I know they only give like a list of ‘possible answers’ or something, but they are good to use afterwards to check if you are lacking in any info that you forgot whilst writing the 16 marker.
Remember that the detail needed for questions of the same topic (i.e. Skinner/ Pavlov’s procedure) is not gonna be the same. For 2 markers, for 4 markers, 8 markers etc., the amount you need to write for AO1 differs, which is why I say it’s good to know how many marks you get for each AO in each type of question. It will save you writing too much or too little.