When France capitulated in 1940, the German occupation placed many French citizens in a difficult position. Most struggled to continue their daily lives, but at the same time it required a difficult balance between collaboration and resistance. At the end of the war, some of the collaborators faced reprisals, no doubt deserved in some cases.
However, the phenomenon known as 'horizontal collaboration' is a completely different matter. It is the term given to French women who had sexual or romantic relations with the occupation forces.
As France was liberated by the Allied armies, a new wave of violence took hold of the country. Known as the Savage Purge, this dark episode consisted of those acts committed by the French themselves against those women who collaborated with the occupying German forces, consisting of lynchings and public humiliations in a clear example of taking justice into one's own hands.
Today, let's learn the story of this episode that proved, once again, that the end of war does not mean the end of violence, especially against women.
Music used in this video:
Sérénade à Notre Dame de Paris by Amarià / amariamusique
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The Plan by Andreas Waldetoft / andreaswaldetoft-music
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Demised To Shield by Ghostrifter | bit.ly/ghostrifter-sc
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Bibliographic references:
• Altares, G. (October 13, 2018). La cordura en medio del caos (in Spanish). El País. Retrieved from: elpais.com/elpais/2018/10/08/...
• Collaboration Horizontale: Shaving Heads of French Women Who Romantically Collaborated with Nazis (23 June 2021). Faultlines. Retrieved from: faultliness.com/2021/06/23/co...
• Beevor, A. (June 5, 2009). An ugly carnival. The Guardian. Retrieved from: www.theguardian.com/lifeandst...
• Fan, R. (July 24, 2020). The Dark Side of World War II Liberation. History of Yesterday. Retrieved from: / the-dark-side-of-world...
• Gordon, M. (2015). Horizontal Collaboration: The Erotic World of Paris, 1920-1946. Washington: Feral House. Retrieved from: cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafy...
• Johnson Lewis, J. (July 3, 2019). Women and World War II. ThoughtCo. Retrieved from: www.thoughtco.com/women-and-w...
• Leclerc F. & Weindling, M. (1995). La répression des femmes coupables d'avoir collaboré pendant l'Occupation (in French). Paris: Clio Magazine. Femmes, Genre, Histoire No. 1. Retrieved from: journals.openedition.org/clio...
• Rollmann, R. (November 11, 2019). 'Horizontal Collaboration' tackles sexist judgements on women's lives in wartime. PopMatters. Retrieved from: www.popmatters.com/navie-caro...
• Virgili, F. (1995). Les « tondues » à la Libération : le corps des femmes, enjeu d'une réaproppriation (in French). Paris: Clio Review. Femmes, Genre, Histoire No. 1. Retrieved from: journals.openedition.org/clio...
23 сен 2022
