Excellent video that succinctly explains land reform. Thank you for it. Land reform's failure probably explains: 1. a good part of my own family history; and 2. why Filipinos can succeed anywhere in the world except the Philippines.
@@TheVineOfChristLives I hope you're right. Looking forward to Philippine unicorns and world-class companies ASAP. Not interested in continuing poverty.
@@ralphrestubog5519can you enlighten me with your point of view on this? Why do you predicate your idea with the presupposition of victimization with regard to technology?
This reminded me of land reform in Peru. The turning point for it was in 1968 and it forever changed everything here. It would be great to cover land reform in other countries like South American nations as , Chile, Brazil, Peru, etc.
It would make sense since The Philippines was colonized by Spain for more than 300 years and the models of government are often similar to that of other Spanish Colonies. Others even still call some of those lands haciendas with their Don and Doña. This is also the reason why Filipino culture is peculiar among asians. It is fundamentally hispanoasiatico.
God this is such a great channel. Dude, props, seriously. Sooooo good. And I haven't ever seen another channel like it. I've learned so much about Asia and Chipmaking.
This is an issue that's often overlooked. Media coverage is non-existent. The average Filipino, except the farmers, don't know how serious this problem is. We are literally kneecaping our economic development for the sake of preserving these landowners in power.
@@julm7744 I agree, this is because modern day Filipinos are unfortunately accustomed to being subjugated by the ruling classes. Filipinos need to understand that in order to improve the country, one must assert his self-determination by any means necessary. However, Filipinos preserve cultural behaviors that diminish any possibility of abolishing the status quo (e.g., “being content”, “laziness”, etc.)
The average Filipino voted in Marcos Jr despite the legacy of the dictatorship and corruption of Marcos Sr. He's also partly to blame for Philippine's industrial failure, which resulted in the burgeoning steel industry to also decline. Now you have his son who's friendly to China, despite China literally annexing PH's maritime territory in the north. Duterte had run on a "tough on China" platform only to end up being pro-China once in power. He then allowed Chinese casino and online gambling companies to set up shop, thereby increasing China's economic and political leverage over PH.
@@julm7744 It's not just Filpinos. Many Americans prefer people who make inequality and overall economy worse. See the lack of support for universal healthcare, infrastructure, and education/vocational investment.
@@julm7744 It's the colonial mentality. Because despite being independent on paper, they're still under others like in the past half millennia and they've gotten used to it. Besides, even if they rise up in rebellion, they'll just be the next Argentina, crushed by the ruling rich people.
Asianometry, you made a well-researched video. However you failed to mention the massive conversion of of productive agricultural lands into residential subdivisions and "farmlot" subdivisions. These "farmlot" subdivisions are subdivisions where affluent retirees and families own a second home on a big lot and practice "farming" during weekends. These are schemes to avoid CARP. As a result the country lost a lot of agricultural capacity and became a net food importer. The country also had a massive glut of subdivision lots, which contributed to the Asian Crisis in the Philippines.
This exact story has repeated itself throughout all of Spain's former colonies. The Mexican Revolution was fought in great part over this issue, Colombia's violence can be traced to this. It's basically strict social stratification preventing individuals from establishing their own means. Feudalism, i.e.
Basically, every colonized and underdeveloped country from WWII onwards, found itself in this situation. Rarely did reforms go well. Sometimes it was coups (Guatemala), sometimes it was corruption (Zimbabwe), and sometimes it was communism (nationalization specifically, like in USSR or China). The last is especially ironic, since these regimes tend to have very radical land reforms that greatly aid equality. Its mostly a sad story.
@@beorntwit711 I happen to think that the best thing that the Chinese did was get rid of their landlord strata. A seemingly unsolvable problem, solved. Couldn't have moved forward with "poverty eradication" without first removing the biggest obstacles. As for the USSR, whatever their faults (and there were many), they took a feudal and backwards society into the modern age in 4 decades. None of these two instances, USSR / China, could have been done in a laissez faire capitalist context, because the the speed at which business models evolve is glacial - just ask 19th century African-Americans about this.
This is very well done. There simply isn't enough time to explain all the relevant historical details in this format. Someone in the comments mentioned the BOXER CODEX. Yes it recorded a prior sociopolitical system in the Philippines before the Spanish arrived but this was recorded elsewhere. What's relevant is when the Magellan expedition landed in Cebu and managed to convert the ruling elite (ie. Rajah Humabon and other tribal leaders), we can assume that part of the deal was the elite would not be required to pay tribute to the King of Spain going forward. And this was fair since Magellan managed to convince Humabon to waive the trading fees he normally charged Chinese and Arab traders for conducting commerce in Cebu. The later Principalia included a class of elites who were not required to pay tribute to Spain. This is all moot however because as also mentioned in the comments, the land owned by these original elites have either been grabbed by the Spanish government after rebellions or were donated to the Church after the death of a landowning elite in the 300 years since. I was in elementary school in the Philippines when we first studied the benefits of CARP and a few years later in college, we were studying the failures of CARP. Very simply, Landowner hands the land title to a farmer. The farmer now has to procure resources to till the land. While he waits for the government to grant assistance, the clock is ticking. Planting season doesn't wait. So he goes right back to one person he knows has a) a stock of seeds, fertilizers, etc and b) can lend him those on a dime - the landowner. Then while he's sowing and planting his farm, he needs to feed his family. Then, c) he goes back to the landowner and loans a sack of rice every week or so. When harvest time comes, the rice has to be harvested and dried. If it's raining, the farmer has to rent time at a drying facility or his rice will rot. After drying, the rice has to be milled. Not just once, since there are a few steps to clean the rice, separate the hulls, then the bran and separate and polish to a white kernel. Then it has to be graded. In places with no Co-Op , who owns the local drying facility and rice mill? Rinse and repeat everywhere else. Those with resources want to keep their captive markets as-is. Because of this, agriculture has stagnated when it could have industrialized and taken advantage of abundant water and volcanic soil. The Philippines' IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) has pioneered strains that helped other countries grow rice more efficiently. But while the Philippines still exports rice, they are importing cheaper rice from Asian neighbors. Same thing with Sugarcane. They also used to export sugar until Thailand and Australia industrialized their sugarcane production and brought the prices down.
I'm Filipino and regarding rice, we can never have the same output as Vietnam or Thailand. Their arable land in their floodplains are massive and PH's is probably not even a quarter of that size and those are easily irrigated. Aside from that, we get wrecked multiple times a year by typhoons. Those same typhoons would be reduced to rainshowers by the time they get to VN and TH. We'd probably never be rice sufficient, especially if we keep to this population growth rate.
@@user-dk4mq5ly1d government don't want to invest and the farmers are left to their own. Whenever I go to the province and see half the road used to dry rice, I just shake my head.
Very interesting and educational. You have provided a relevant history on an issue that I have often wondered about, and then by comparison to the (different) routes taken in other countries, shown what the consequences were. Thank you for all the work, and for sharing.
This is a very good topic in Law and Agriculture. Most of the legislations involving land reform in the Philippines always fail because most of the politicians were also land owners. As a filipino, I approve this content. The harsh reality that we must recognize, and a problem that we really need to fix.
The most infamous example of this is the province of Negros Occidental. The entire province was built up as a giant sugar plantation where hacienderos owned massive amounts of land while "sakada" migrant workers from nearby islands would labour under them for a pittance, this created a literal feudal system that still somewhat exists to this day. Needless to say that whenever the sugar industry wasn't doing too well, the entire island suffered for it. There is an interesting contrast between Negros and the neighbouring province of Iloilo which has gradually seen some development in recent years. In Negros, massive tracts of land are owned by a handful of haciendero families, whereas in Iloilo, a lot of small farmers own small pieces of land.
Its so bad that when the Negros Island decided to become their own province instead of being split into 2 halves administered by 2 regions, it failed miserably in the financial sense as it just cant sustain itself without the help of the more economically prosperous Iloilo and Cebu.
@@mosesracal6758 There was a movement in the 1980's and which was continued by Gov. Lacson of Negros Occidental and Gov. Macias of Negros Oriental during the 1990's under then President Fidel V Ramos to merge Oriental and Occidental, but NEDA disapproved it due to lack of funds. (??!!) See “One Negros Island Region: A Psychohistory” by Dr. Earl Jude Paul L. Cleope, Silliman University, 2014". Negros Island was underdeveloped back in the 1870's and suffered from frequent Moro Pirate raids. There's still a church tower standing in Dumaguete City that was used as a lookout for these raids. Anyway, because of these attacks, the Diocese of the island petitioned for help and since Iloilo and Cebu were both more prosperous, the protection and administration of Negros was delegated to each, based on proximity. (Sounds like how Mexico used to govern the Philippines before 1821). In 1890, a Royal decree split Negros into 2.
Yep, All the conglomerates here in PH relies on captive markets and find the easiest way to earn cash, during the BPO boom, Indian elites built their OWN homegrown BPO firms, Tata TCS, Wipro, HCL etc. Here in the Philippines? the elite fckers focus instead on building "IT Business Parks" Real Estate and then invited foreign outsourcing firms to setup shop and then they collect rent, easy life 👌.
@@1aaroncarl Actually India does have a lot of other industries, for example they have a fairly large automotive industry like Tata Motors(they even own Jaguar and Land Rover) and Mahindra(owns Ssangyong motors of South Korea) so aside from local production and original designs, they even own foreign brands. India is also a powerhouse in Integrated Circuits/Chip design, these chips might be manufactured in Taiwan and South Korea but a lot of them are designed by local Indian firms or R&D arms of US companies based in India. Also do you know that airframe subassemblies of US F-15 fighters and Apache attack helicopters are made by Indian companies under contract from Boeing, that's an aerospace ecosystem right there. Philippines has none of these. I'm a filipino btw. Indian elites are far more industrialist and forward looking than their Philippine counterparts. And that's just sad.
The "Principalía" also refers to precolonial families or chieftains who submitted to the Spanish crown. For example, Filipino families with indigenous names like Gatchalian (Gat Saligan), Soliman, Macapagal, Malana, etc.
Speaking about land, it would be interesting to learn about successes and failures of georgism-inspired land value tax in e.g. Singapore, Taiwan and Russia
More Filipinos ought to know this. They need to understand that their problems as a nation are systemic. It's something that can not be blamed to any great villain and can not be solved by any great hero. We really need to move forward
Actually this is really an eye opener for most of the poor filipinos. I grew up on a relatively poor rural area. And I've seen rich families simply rule over the town. This has been normalized as I grew up in my town. Now that I'm in college, learning the decade failure of land reform here in the Philippines. I'm more convinced that this has to be resolved somehow. There has to be a way to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor here in the Philippines.
Easy, lease to own. Convince the landlords that having agriculture as a corporate portfolio is not worth the headache and offer the tenant farmers a lease mortgage that is to be transferred within a set time frame and paid in full.
Wow so smart pick a poor uneducated person who formerly is landless to be your debtor rather than the government who is required by law and the Constitution to pay Just Compensation which is legally demandable from the government especially when you file a mandamus in court. Also it would be better to let the person with capital own the land rather than a poor man who will just be a LEECH on tax payer money just to buy the seeds he wants to plant. The main problem we should be asking who is running the farms better and more productive?
@@toxic3495 The rich people here in the Philippines are a much more massive leech than any poor uneducated person can be since they barely pay any taxes and those who are in power already leeches taxpayer money through our massive ingrained government corruption. Better be that my tax will go to the betterment of the poor than to sustain the rich.
The Philippine elites also frequently collaborated with the Japanese (see Manuel Roxas), but the US helped cover up their involvement and keep them on the top after the war
Many of the awardees of land reform have sold their land; their lands do not yield much nowadays. There are few areas that have irrigation system. Much of those lands have relied on rain for watering crops. Filipinos and mostly Chinese descent and chinese businessmen have allowed the proliferation of contraband crops to flow inside the country and flooded the market with cheap products to the prejudice of those farmers.
True! Land reform programs have zero chance of lasting success unless the government first puts infrastructure in place to ensure the success of poor farmers. Otherwise, it's only a matter of time before the land goes right back to the elite who previously owned it.
A very similar situation took place in Argentina in the mid 1800s with landed gentry having a stranglehold on the economy with everyone else eating crumbs. So despite being richer than the US at that time, Argentina began it's slow decline to become an emerging mkt today.
Wow. Your research was obviously very thorough. I've been watching your videos on technology as well as those on history and politics, and have been quite impressed. When I saw this video floated on my recommendations list, I said to myself, well let's see how much he really knows about the Philippines. But you've blown me away. Kudos for the thoroughness.
Many people getting lands from their masters without capital to use to cultivate nor the education to stay viable ends up selling that land to finance their survival and their children's dreams of getting education. That's what happened to many of my grandmother's tenants. though my grandma's land was less than a 100 hectares, And half was made into a subdivision while the other half remained a farmland divided for her children, all the tenants that remained to be under her wing were gifted 2 home lots every family. Of all (16 families) the remaining tenants and their children, only 1 still around but their lands were sold by them to other people. I believe, if people does not work hard for anything they have, they easily discard or get rid of what they have or were given to them. They don't value anything that they did not worked hard to get or take. In the same way as inherited land. The children easily gives away, or sell any they have inherited. There is no strong emotional ties developed between them. That is what I have seen in my family. The second and third generations who inherited the properties they had, can easily and have easily given away, sold or donated the inherited land without much thought or sentimental value as to how much their parents have endured to acquire them.
Another amazing video of something I knew nothing about. I subscribe to mostly physics and history documentary related videos, but now I also subscribe to this channel as it covers the semiconductor industry and Asian history very well. I was in the Vietnam War and flew in and out of Clark AFB not knowing anything or caring about Philippines land reform problems. I know I'm oblivious to many things, but I'm trying to minimize it. Asianometry is stepping it up for me. I learn a lot from the comments, too. Thank you all.
Excellent video! As someone who has spent many years in the Philippines, I see it as poster child for unfulfilled potential. Its continuous failures and lack of improvements due in large part to the ingrained culture which is absent two essential attributes: 1) Any type of sense of urgency and 2) Any type of drive for excellence. These 2 things are abundantly absent when observing daily life and interacting with any service or infrastructure in the country. Comparing the Philippines to either Taiwan, Korea or Japan is like comparing bananas to beef. The cultures are completely different. The Philippines is simultaneously beautiful, sad, wonderful and depressing.
Filipinos are also afraid of taking risks. When something new is proposed to them for improvements, they'll greet it with negative opinions, gossips, anti-colonial narratives, and other cliched narratives (rich = evil, poor = 100% good). They want to stay in the same life because "we are fine with this, we don't want to go out of our comfort zones". This is due to their religious beliefs where being poor or contented = heaven.
Hacienda Luisita is not owned by the Aquino Side of Corazon C. Aquino but her maiden name side, the Cojuangcos whose family’s history is intertwined with the history of the PH. Her cousin, the late Danding Cojuangco, owns a huge percentage of the land and also used to own San Miguel Corporation(SMC). A large brewery and one of the big conglomerates here in the PH(they own SMC tollways and is now financing and managing the construction of the latest metro MRT7). Also to note there are numerous SMC facilities and factories near and in Hacienda Luisita. He was also part of the rumored “Rolex 12” of Ferdinand Marcos.
@@conradojavier7547 I believe that the eldest son of her youngest daughter is now residing at the farm in Hacienda Luisita. As of current some of the senior members of the Cojuangco family are in government position themselves either as representatives or governors. The one that’s currently calling the shots at SMC is the Ang family, specifically Ramon Ang and his son.
Your facts are wrong in the beginning and wrong til the end. First of all, Danding was already rich, coming from rich family, but compared to other hacienderos-OLIGARCHS like the LOPEZES, he chose to work with the government. Anyway, the OLIGARCH LOPEZES should have an entire documentary on how they borrowed and borrowed a loooot of money from the government bank and never paid. And how they used their media to protect their political careers and businesses and hide secrets. But it is so twisted that they are viewed as BETTER PEOPLE lol Hacienda Luisita is not of Danding Cojuanco. It does not mean their relatives, then it is his? lol. Danding Cojuanco had his own venture. lol. Also the stock holder of Hacienda Luisita are all siblings of Cory Aquino. Ano to? Dahil pinsan, sa kanya na rin? lol To be fair to Danding Cojuanco, he was smarter than many hacienderos back then because he listened to Marcos that the heyday of sugar bonanza with the US will end soon. It is not a secret that the Sugar Agreement will end, but many hacienderos did not listen. He ventured to other crops because logic will simply tell you that the sugar business bonanza will die. Marcos did tell the hacienderos to venture to other crops because the sugar agreement will end. Anyway, with the end of sugar agreement, there will be greater competition, therefore, the price will be lowered. Thus, there was famine in Negros Occidental. The famine in my province was not because of Marcos, it was the fault of greedy hacienderos who just want to capitalize on sugar and they ignored other important crops and the upcoming end of sugar trade agreement with the US. If they were smart Hacienderos, they could have transitioned to other crops, but they did not. There is an international research done by outsiders about this, who had a more balance analysis, unfortunately it is not discussed in local media or platform. Also, it has been more than a decade that San Miguel is no longer in the control of Cojuanco, but sure he still had a stake. The biggest stock holder since been is Inigo Zobel, which is a closer friend to the current Marcos. Although, the guy just want to stay in the background. lol. But I do not think anyone can question the wealth of the Zobel kasi sa SPAIN pa lang, even until now, dami pa rin nilang properties and businesses. Baka naman may mag CRONY na naman ditong tenge. Also, since San Miguel needs products from Sugar Cane, of course they have to be closed to SUGAR MILLS. You are a stpid if you have a beer and softdrink businesses and you will locate your plant elsewhere. Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide are both needed products from San Miguel products, other than sugar. Anyway, because of these good relations of Ilocos Government and San Miguel, San Miguel had been a big part of why Ilocos Norte's agriculture industry is better than other places. San Miguel buys most of the Ilocos Norte produced, through the help of their provincial government. Ilocos Norte plan their products, based on the need of the market and what crops will give their farmers better income. That is why, even if Ilocos Norte's biggest industry is agricultural, their POVERTY INCIDENCE/ MAGNITUDE OF POOR is low. They are in the top ten region with least Magnitude of Poor among 87 or 89 regions. Also, the problem with us Filipinos is that you label every businessmen who chose to work with the government as OLIGARCH-CRONY. There is a limit to using it. If I am a Tycoon, of course having a good relationship with the government is a top goal. And if I am the government, ofc I will use these rich people to finance massive projects and development without drowning my country in debt. Example: Other government like that of Sweden act like a middle man or coordinator between big corporations to enrich the lives of common people. But many Filipinos are small minded with victim mindsets. I AM POOR, OTHERS ARE ULTRA RICH. THEREFORE I AM THEIR VICTIM BY THESE RICH PEOPLE. It is 2022. Get over it.
@@gabyacat7050 Another chismoso. lol. Ramon Ang has NO family relation with Cojuanco. Also, Ramon Ang is not calling the shots, although is the the face of san miguel, aka CEO. The biggest stock holder tho that is actually calling the shots is Inigo Zobel, who is in NO WAY related to the cojuanco. lol. Minsan kasi taas taasan nyo naman pakikipag socialite ninyo para masapak kayo ng realidad. Sometimes, the super ultra rich do not actually plaster their faces and names around for you to consume. Most often, they have a representative.
Had land reform succeeded in the Philippines just like in Japan after the second world war. The Philippines would have been a very different country today. My family was one of the benefactor from the Marcos era land reform in Central Luzon in 1970s. Before that they were tenant farmer to the Hacienda.
@@omniyambot9876 probably, cuz these landlords in the philippines. the practice started with "hacienderos", who were first started by spaniards setting up farming estate hacienda plantations for the king of spain. when those spaniards died, they simply bequeathed their lands to the friar orders who let some mestizo families be their inquilino tenant families running the affairs of those hacienda estates. when the philippine revolution came, some of the abusive spanish and italian friars were murdered and eventually when the americans came to conquer, they gave the friar lands away to the people, that being the inquilino tenant families who had a lot of influence already and so officially started their legitimate being as the real landlords now. the national hero himself, his parents up to his great grandfather were also simply inquilino tenants running a farming estate under the friars who later kicked out his father when he was young.
@@xXxSkyViperxXx the ultimate origin of it is due to the ancient landholding practices of the Roman Empire, of which the Iberian peninsula used to be an integral part of, where victorious legions and rich senators gain huge tracts of land at the expense of the defeated natives who were then condemned to slavery and mandatory labor to their conquerors. Those lands were called latifundia. While Rome went away with the fall of the city and its empire, the succeeding Iberian kingdoms continued the tradition of latifundia, and later on transplanted it to their colonies across the world including the Philippines which later morphed into the infamous hacienda. What preserved it was the synod of the Catholic Church, especially the Spanish Inquisition, which demanded unquestioning obeisance to _those whom God placed in power_ and that seriously Stockholm syndromed the natives into believing and following it as it is. Now we are seeing the results and the whole world is laughing.
Main difference methinks was that the Philippines already had a landed elite prior to the Spanish arrival which don't seem to be the case in some parts of LatAm. The Spanish simply inserted themselves into the system.
An excellent video! Have you considered looking into the brain drain, which seems to me to be another indirect effect of this general inequality? I always felt it to be such a tragedy: so many smart, hardworking Pinoys that are able to make it overseas despite all the odds, but they're there because they know they could never make it back home, where the odds are even steeper.
Plus that system leads to exploitation. Philipino sailors are popular throughout global shipping seeing as you can pay them a fart and three marbles instead of a proper wage. In Gulf States like Dubai and Qatar, Philipino slaves are very popular because they will put up with a lot more than other slaves will. I mean, you enslave a Chinese woman as your nanny to work 7 days a week no breaks no passport, there's going to be trouble. Enslaving a German engineer? Instant trouble even with your own government. A Philipino slave-nanny or slave-truck driver by contrast? Their government isn't going to care at all and they will accept (well, be forced to accept) what you do to them because 'still better than back home'.
@@nvelsen1975 maids and family drivers working 7 days a week, living with the family with only maybe one day-off break per month in the philippines among upper middle class and upper class filipino families is a norm that ive grew up with
@@nvelsen1975 yes, most Filipino workers are underpaid. The countries that want them in bait these Filipinos by compliments like "hardworking people", "very loyal", "intelligent", "resilient" lol. But, who cares if underpaid? after all, their money will be sent back to Philippines and will be converted to Peso, which is a large amount. This is why many were forced to exploited jobs outside the Philippines due to lack of Foreign investments in the country. The local elites (the same people this video is talking about) blocks any Reforms in the system that will allow Foreign Investments to come in and create jobs. This will force a competition and the local elites doesn't want competition. They want to monopolize every industries (hence we have Jollibee Foods Corp., Globe Telecom, PLDT, Smart, SM, Ayala, Lopez, Cojuanco etc)
Indonesia also have the same problems, from land snatching company (supported by local corupts officials) to land grabbing by richer family (bribing land record officials).
Right now most poor farmers who benefited in the land reform program still lives in poverty for so many factors: 1. Farm to market 2. Middlemen, mostly downgrade the price of their produce. 3. Money lenders (legal and informal) that charged high interest rates. 4. Farm technology adaptation. You can add other factors that is not mentioned above and by Asianometry.
Congratulations on taking on such a hard issue. It’s not that I think you were right, I don’t know enough to say for sure,but at least you tried to be fair and analytic. I am looking toward to your next video on economic development. Again, thanks.
As usual, very informative. I can't speak for Taiwan, but most Koreans who collaborated with Japanese colonialism ended up becoming well educated and in power. In order to get an education, you needed to be in cahoots with the Japanese, so I don't believe you are right on this. I'm not sure how they ended up eventually passing land reform in Korea though.
It was only possible because China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Vietnam are all Confucian states. State Confucianism is where the entire country was treated as a single family with the state as the head of the family, and to harmonize the family the state had to make economic opportunities equal to all, and in rural terms that meant dividing the lands into smaller patches of family farms all subjected to the state as a single family owning a huge land as a manor could rise into power on its own therefore undermining the state and its monopoly of power and thus national harmony. This was first done in China, where Confucius came from, in order to keep the whole empire in line and subjected to the state as personified by the emperor to preserve the peace and happiness of its constituents. Confucianism also taught that every person must undergo education since childhood (this was the ultimate origin of Asia's tiger parents) and work hard while serving the state, to enrich the state and thus create and preserve social harmony. Therefore, it is no coincidence that East Asia was the richest region in the world.
I have read about this in a book titled An Anarchy of Families, State and Family in the Philippines by Alfred W. McCoy. What is happening now is that landlords are coverting their land into central business districts(CBD) or sometimes industrial economic zones(IEZ), they are using Philippine Economic Zone Authority(PEZA) and other goverment agencies to grant them permits and funds. For example Hacienda Luisita is now being converted as part of Clark Green City a CBD.
Can't wait for the monopoly part... thanks for these videos. Teaches me so much and fills my heart with sadness that we are so able to become a great developing country but stuff like this holds us back.
Now I'm sure. Our favorite RU-vidr Jon is a secret revolutionary. His revolution is to educate everyone about the relationship between resource technology and the power structure.
always wondered about how the shenanigans kept on for fellow my countrymen, it is plain, simple and visible, just corruption. grateful for having you shed light on this, on point explanations.
all countries have corruption, but the Philippines just has a bad system and a bad religion. Japan, South Korea, China and Singapore are not Christian nations, and they also employ Socialist practices in their economy, I don't see the Philippines doing the same. The only Socialist elected in Philippine presidency was Duterte.
Just woke up and turned on the tv and the uppermost video is this one . Just in the nick of time as I have paper analaysis/essay regarding about this one
During that period the Philippine Revolution, First Philippine Republic, and Filipino-American War all happened in rapid succession. There are several Filipino films (and I think only one US film), but most are hard to find. "Balangiga: Howling Wilderness" and "Goyo: The Boy General" are on Netflix (though idk about region limitations). "Amigo" is the name of the US production and it's up on RU-vid. All three films are pretty good imo.
Elaborate. If he owned it why wouldn't it go to you. Sounds like it may be family infighting where a cousin or uncle/aunt stole the inheritance for themselves, which happens around the world.
@@realtalk6195 Part of the fact is that my brother and I live in the States. I never found out about the inheritances until 3 years after he died. My grandmother was aware of the denial of property "assured" an inheritance to my dad but that never came to be as he died unexpectedly 6 months after my grandma. The level of greed is more than enough fuel to abandon any future visits for the foreseeable future.
Normally, your right to inheritence gets transmitted to you if your parents died before the testator's own death as they are to the testator their children...
That sounds a bit weird to me. Who ended up taking that inheritance then? Because any legal system I'm aware of, it's really hard or impossible to cut out the children, and if the children die before collecting their share is automatically transfered to any grandchildren. Grandmother being the spouse can sometimes stop an inheritance as long as she lives, but after her death the normal rules should still apply. The state or random other people typically don't enter the picture if a family goes extinct with no surviving 1st or 2nd line relatives at all.
@@CDeuce152 I disagree with your assertion. There is law in the PH that dictates inheritance and in fact can be problematic by the way it does division. And nothing in this video dealt with that topic. We own a parcel of land in the PH, that is my Filipino wife owns it. I can only own the house that goes on top of that property which guarantees that if she dies, her family can't kick me off the property. And writing a will, like you can do in the West? That can be MORE problematic than NOT having a will. With different Filipino law wills can be ignored especially when it comes to people who are living outside the country or aren't Filipino citizens. But I don't know your situation and for the most part I really dislike the system of governance there because it's run by large landowners or very wealthy business men and there are governing families there and there aren't really term limits since you can move from one govt. position, then into another one, then back into the first one. For the most part the large landowners contribute very little to society there. They have large wealth which usually avoids taxation and they don't invest into their communities because they're better off when people around them are poor and then the family can use people for cheap labor, and that's COMMON in the PH. So if you come from a family like that, I don't feel for you. Make your way in the US, but the US is becoming like the PH in that 10% of the wealthiest families own a large portion of all assets, brought to you by the huge reduction in capital gains tax, and more and more families are ending up slave to a landholder/investor class. At least I can use my retirement and live a comfortable life in the PH for my last years since we have everything paid off and my pension/SS is WAY more than enough to cover our costs, leaving us money to travel in retirement. I think if you actually dug into the law and got a lawyer you'd find that if you had a valid claim to property, you'd get it unless your locality is completely corrupt, and that happens there, probably more so in the South.
The social ELITES in the Philippines are going to remain unless extreme and drastic actions are taken to limit their power and influence, and bring forth economic development to the common people without learing over to communism. It only takes a few honorable, committed, and ruthless young leaders for these social elites to be eradicated by force of the WILL. Force, will, ruthlessness are a must if Philippines is the place on Earth you are to change successfully. Period!
Look up the Italian School of Elite Theory. You can begin with James Burnham’s The Machiavellians. Or, the Iron Law of Oligarchy. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_oligarchy
Those 2 countries or any Asian countries are not good models for the Philippines, it was westernized way before most Asian country and most of its precolonial foundations such as a unified culture for political stability and in turn economic prosperity was almost entirely erased by the Spaniards and cemented underground by the Americans. It pretty much had to scrap colonial leftovers for culture building obfuscating most of the feudal structures that remained instead of superceding it like the case with many free nations historically. The thing with colonialism is that basically every post-colonial cultures are stuck in a cycle of semi-feudalism, neither fully regressive but cannot fully embrace progressivism either. Philippine history and its future is in parallel with South American nations like Peru, Colombia etc, it's closer to that region than say it is to Thailand or Indonesia mostly because the country was pretty much culturally decimated(Malaysia and Indonesia still retained their language and pre-European religion with minimal influence from the Portugese and Dutch for example). It's already quite distant from its immidiate neighbors like Indonesia and Thailand, it's way more distant from Korea and Japan, its only equivalence with the latter is the legacy of American military dominance, if we were to use that as criteria Liberia and Nicaragua are also appropriate comparisons.
@@theburden9920 sustainability is context dependent, modern Japan and Korea will remain prosperous for as long as America remains the dominant power. On the other hand Philippines remains poor under American hegemony leaving space for the existence post-American sentiments and forecasts, it is the same case with many South American and African cultures that makes up a significant portion of the 3rd world, you can clearly observe the violent and soft power interventions of the United States in South/Central America particularly Mexico, Cuba, Bolivia, Colombia and Nicaragua, countries in their backyards. Countries that remains poor under American dominance are an inherent threat to the empire, contrary to popular belief poor countries aren't poor because they failed to be rich, they're poor because the dominant power of their timelines view them as a threat to their hegemony.
@@theburden9920 furthermore the Philippines is not foreign to violent American intervention, many suffarage movements are violently silenced by an American friendly regime in the country especially those related to land reforms, infamously the Mendiola massacre under Cory Aquino and many more that you will never read in the newspapers, many are also demonized as being "communists" when the more proper term for these movements are "post-colonialists", something that a double digit iq president like dutae fell for with his red tagging stupidity, these labels are clearly psyops by the CIA to keep this country American-friendly. With all that said, it becomes clearer how arbitrary "prosperity" and sustainability is defined under imperialism.
@@desgner_droz8716 but America will no longer be the dominant power. Just look at Japan once an economic power in the 80’s but now it is barely competitive. It just shows how you dont depend on a single country for your economic and military needs. That is what Philippines used to do
Thanks again! One observation - we learn so much from you and get your touches of humour, but we learn little about yourself. I imagine that your phone has a 'selfie' camera but you never use it - you show what is out there and not yourself, which, to me is an extremely healthy way of seeing the world. This contrasts somewhat with how it is with a lot of people these days, where it is always about them. Keep up the good work!
I am some what unsure of the link you are drawing between land redistribution and industrialisation. In European historiography the immediate precursor to industrialisation were agriculture technical advancements leading to surplus produce, labour and population growth. Can you expand on your theory and perhaps elaborate on land redistribution's role in Taiwan's success.
For anyone who wants to read more about land reform in the Philippines, I believe the struggle can't be separated from the violent atrocities of its monied landlords. One example is the Hacienda Luisita Massacre, which happened during the Cory Aquino Presidency. Murders and harrasment of farmers who fought for their rights to the land are unfortunately commonplace and continue to happen until today. EDIT: Mixed up events, I was thinking of the Mendiola Massacre in 1987, That's what happened during Cory's term. The Hacienda Luisita massacre (2004) happened during Arroyo's presidential term, w/ the land owned by the Cojuancos (Cory Aquino is a Cojuanco). but my sentiments still stand--monied landlords have committed horrible atrocities to farmers fighting for land reform.
All I'm learning from all these videos is that land reform (and land redistribution) is vital to revitalizing or otherwise starting anew. Its effects appear to be transformative in so many ways. Perhaps land itself as property should be a separate form of property or have less protections on it to make it more equitable.
Taiwan and South Korea benefited from Japan's meticulous land registration as well as the KOSEKI system. In some countries, they can't tax land efficiently and effectively because they're not fully aware of land ownership and transactions. Some countries aren't even aware of its accurate population size. Ironically, if Japan administered the Philippines for one or two generations, it would have been as prosperous as Taiwan and South Korea.
My town used to be owned by five families until they gave most of their lands away. My family also used to be owners of a large chunk of another town but we sold most of them.
Dear Filipinos, it is understandable for Asianometry to get some things wrong because talks about a wide range of topics. It is however appreciated that some awareness is promoted on real topics like a possible peculiar imbalance in land ownership in the Philippines. But then please don't take the content as more authoritative than that given by specialists.
What he presented had already been raised by several Filipino scholars and experts. It's just that the ruling elites, with the burden of colonial mentality, have always unjustly painted these ideas as "communist." As one of the leading Filipino historian Ambeth Ocampo said, the Philippine history is one of continous betrayal of the masses by the ruling elites.
Nothing because the people will continue to vote trapos. We are now a free nation with no colonial leaders and free to choose our leaders, yet too stupid to choose. Rizal was right we are not ready to rule ourselves.
Wow!! Thank you so much for such an informative dissection of the Philippines historical "efforts" at Land Reforms. I was born there and I grew up in California. I will be going back to retire one day and I need this information.
You are lucky. You can apply for dual citizenship and avail of priviledges like SSS pension, Philhealth etc. Which is now a bone of contention for Filipinos who didn't go out ofthe country to work or migrate!
Philippines is gradually able to increase its share of the pie in the services sector, many service sector oriented jobs(BPO) have shifted their offices from India to Philippines. I wish Philippines all the best & love from India. Slowly but steadily We will rise together.
There are plenty of BPOs in the Philippines but seem to me that India still have a fair share of the tech stuff. I had a short stint in a BPO, the account we were given is basically customer service, that company's tech support is based in India so that's were we redirect when needed.
@@nunyabiznes33 Gradually the Tech support will also move to Philippines. As in mfg sector, they start with assembling and then they move up the value chain.
many in the philippines always say that indians are the best in IT and even on youtube, they teach us free IT tutorial, but in terms of customer service to speak clearer english or more convincing accent of english, this is where filipinos excel.
@@xXxSkyViperxXx I think Philippines, can come with a mechanism similar to India's IT Policies, implement them in Philippines & reap the benefits. Eventually you'll have to move up the value chain in terms of service industry. Best wishes to Philippines
Generally I find this a fair analysis. But it also leaves out many aspects of the issue. A few thoughts: 1) The situation in the 20’s and 30’s that led to the development of the HUK revolutionary movement is far more complex than mentioned in the video. For example, although the leadership of the HUK were demanding land for the landless, the peasant class did not necessarily want land ownership and all the hassles that came with that, what they wanted was to be treated fairly by their landlord bosses and the government. 2) after WWII and especially in the 19r60’s the role of the World Bank, IMF, in directing international financial policies creating growing new industrial states/economies in countries like Taiwan, Japan and S. Korea was at the same time making countries like the Philippines that may have been on the verge of becoming industrialized more independent economies into primarily agricultural and even “handy craft” based economies dependent on foreign loans, played a huge role in directing the Philippines economy and distorting the shortcomings of the land reform policies. 3) The video doesn’t even touch on the detrimental role of the labor unions, Communist Party, leftest leaders in the Philippines. The powerful landlord class is always justifiably blamed for it’s shortcomings, never mentioned are the shortcomings of the leftest sector which were in historical context equally detrimental to the prosperity of the working class. As always the devil is in the details, so many details not discussed in this video. But then, it’s a short analysis, fairly good, but much more needs to be discussed.
I am curious as to where do you get this data and information from? I am subscribed and mostly watch all of the uploads. But I wonder if this is a neutral view. Not that I can tell either way.
As they say, you don't compare the Philippine's socio-cultural and political history with its southeast asian peers, rather see it as one of the Latin America's Spanish colonies. And there, you will see staggering similarities.
Great Analysis Asianometry, as a regular Filipino, I struggled to understand this decades old land issue of ours. With your video short yet sweet, I know now who to blame :D
Effects of land reform to the agriculture sector of the Philippines. 1) Because of land reform, no banks (except for one bank, Land Bank of the Philippines) will give agricultural loans. Rural Banks and private lending institutions can give agricultural loans at 24% interest rate per annum compared to 6% per annum in a standard agriculture loan (when primary banks would give out loans); 2) The Central bank of the Philippines mandated Banks to give agriculture loans lest they be fined. Banks would rather be fined than give out loans to the agriculture sector; 3)Land Reform is NOT distributing land for free. Beneficiaries will still have to buy the land. Where will the beneficiaries get their money to plant crops when they don't have money in the first place and banks won't lend them. 3) The selection of beneficiaries became so random that even a practicing dentist became a beneficiary! 4) Many of the beneficiaries could not even pay taxes on the land that they owned and it is prohibited by law that they lease out the land. If it is found out that they are not tilling the land, they could lose their status of beneficiary. However, this is difficult to implement and so a lot of beneficiaries have "gentlemen's agreement" with former landowners that that the landowners lease the land from the beneficiaries. 5) There is a dictum in landownership: You can't really say you own the land unless you are given a Title to the land. What happened beneficiaries are not given a "real" title but are given a "certificate of land ownership" (CLOA) which is a quasi title but not really; like a half-baked title no one can really figure out. A "CLOA" cannot be sold nor used for collateral (however there are ways around this) and the latest Supreme Court ruling is that a CLOA has the force of a regular Title. So the next logical question is, "Why have a CLOA in the first place?" As a result of Land Reform, food production has gone down, we are now importing rice, vegetables, and even sugar (which we once exported). Such a shame!
Land reform since 1940 sounds like a bit of a trap. Modern agriculture flourishes due to intensive capital investment: tractors, fertilizers, insecticides, etc. The more land you have, the more viable such an investment would be. A single family on a small plot would have a hard time justifying such a investment. Land reform, therefore, could lead to the terrible situation where there is less inequality, and also, MUCH less to eat or investment wealth overall. I'm a super-fan of land reform, and often look to Lorenzo de Zavala's reforms in the state of Mexico in the 19th century as a good model, even if they were undone later. But man -- to do it today is tough. Perhaps giving people an economic stake, in the form of shares of a corporation, might be a better answer?
Yes, I think so too about land reform creating inefficient small-time farm owners. But ultimately I think this sort of mass land redistribution to many smaller parties is just a sneaky way of transferring wealth to those who are ultimately destitute. Even in places that started out with many small land owners doing their own farming, with the right policies and incentives it can lead to larger players slowly absorbing all the small land owners and creating large efficient commercial farms that receive capital investment. A bit of governing through "unintended" secondary effects.
You're right on the money here, it is a legitimate problem and is recognized by some people in the PH gov't. One way this can be solved is by having the farmers work in cooperatives, this way they can share the burden of the upfront cost of investment, whether that be in tractors or other facilities. And it works. This one is being done in some places in the Philippines but not nationally. So that's one more lingering problem. Part of the problem is after having a decades long battle to reduce land holdings, people can now only hold a set amount of land. But because of this, farmers cant benefit from economies of scale because they cant acquire more land, and hence cant industrialize their operations. They are limited by the land reforms, which is a bitter irony. So here's what the government did instead: Rice tariffication law (fairly recent, like 5 years old or something) - it basically removed the rice import controls in the country and just slapped a tariff on those imports. This results in lower prices for rice and an added revenue for the government, which is by the aforementioned law is to be spent on agricultural industrialization (buying new farming equipment, seeds, r&d, and supporting farmers). But since the price of rice is now cheaper, farmers now have less income and are being forced out of the "business" since they can't compete with the market now flooded with imported rice. So ironically the program that was supposed to help farmers, made them more poor. This however, was on purpose. By the nature of industrial farming you necessarily need to have less people working on the farms. In effect, with this law, they cull the inefficient use of agricultural lands, as only those farms that can compete with the global market will survive. Giving way to what they call "high-value" crops. But they didn't admit this when making this law. Probably because they couldn't, how could you sell a law that says "we will render some farmers without income, but that is a sacrifice we will make". Maybe they hoped the farmers would necessarily stop farming rice and move on to farming "high-value" crops but these are a people who farmed rice all their lives, so that's not really easy. Nevertheless the government seems to be keeping to it's promise, they are providing for new, modern farming equipment and there are also loans available. The gov't is reporting higher yields and calling the law a success. But I would say that it's too early, the devil is in the execution, this program could definitely work, but they need to address the pains that will come with farmers having less income than before and retraining them to farm other crops. There are also people in the government pushing for nationwide enforcement of cooperatives. So this saga unfortunately isn't gonna be finished anytime soon.
@@cjnem7243 it only covered rice and corn. What happened to, for example, sugarcane fields that are known to be owned by Cojuanco et al? Did you even pay attention to the whole thing? Gosh, marcos apologists are really hopeless. You don't belong here.
The answer to this is actually pretty simple, implementation however will not be easy. Property rights - particularly land rights are granted by the government. The government provides the service that allows exclusive use through the legal system. The government also provides infrastructure and service coverage like roads, electricity, broadband, police, fire, schools, administration etc etc. What therefore makes sense is a comprehensive land tax based on either the value of the land and/or the cost for the government to provide services to that land. A smartly implemented land tax makes desireable land expensive to hold without developing it. To pay the tax, one must use the land in an economically productive way. If they wish to avoid the penalties, then they must sell the land to either someone willing to develop it or someone willing to pay the tax. Right now, these landlords can keep owning the land without developing it because they pay very little tax to maintain their land rights. Its like an eternal subsidy from the government.
In developed countries land is owned by even smaller group of people. Corporates and large farmers own 2/3 of the land. Modern agriculture is an industrial enterprise, hence it can only be efficient if owned small group in large scale..
That is because 90 percent of people are no longer farmers in developed nations This is different in developing and rural nations where majority are farmers or rural peasants
What a very interesting topic. Sadly, a lot of lands in the Philippines are still owned by people who died decades ago. The legal heirs quarrel and argue to the point of killing each other.
On the other hand, look at their air quality compared to eastern countries with all of its "heavy industry". Pollution is rampant and people are essentially "forced" to live in substandard factory "cities" where they essentially work, sleep, eat, repeat day after day after day until they eventually succumb to the effects of this type of existence and are shoveled out the door to make way for the next poor soul.
