The Evolution of Males and Females - with Judith Mank

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Judith Mank leads a tour of how sex is genetically programmed and how sex differences evolve.
Watch the Q&A here: • Q&A - The Evolution of...
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Males and females in many species are often quite different from one another. The sex of an individual can have profound effects on how an organisms behaves, how it looks, how it lives and, in some cases, even how it dies. These differences are the product of different evolutionary forces acting on males and females, sometimes creating substantial conflicts between the sexes. In this talk, Judith Mank gives a quick tour of how sex is genetically programmed and how sex differences evolve.
Judith Mank is Professor in the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London. She is interested in understanding how form, behaviour and reproductive patterns have evolved through selective pressures.
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26 май 2024

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Комментарии : 812

@markxxx21 Год назад

She is an awesome lecturer, never a boring moment

@PetarStamenkovic 5 лет назад

Thank you for this talk. Honesty is refreshing. Kudos to the speaker.

@fressfisch 5 лет назад

"here we will learn true facts about the angler fish"

@haroldnaples 5 лет назад

And apply those facts to humans when it suits us. About right.

@livhillcoast3795 5 лет назад

@@haroldnaples we are not fish, only ted Cruz

@david2869 5 лет назад

That is how the angler fish do.

@davidwright8432 5 лет назад

We shall indeed! I follow 'True Facts About ... ' & await '... true facts about the Brexit.' A very, very strange beast indeed.

@nataleo9093 6 лет назад

Awesome video, sharing with my evolutionary psych students, thank you!

@DouglasKYoung 5 лет назад

The only turtle conservation biologists that realised their error with incubating turtle eggs 20 years earlier were the ones with turtle recall.

@odettegordonyo 4 года назад

Now as global warming increases we have not enough males. As conservationists we need to protect male producing nests, cooler temps during incubation for boys matters.

@alfonshomac 8 лет назад

From the depths of my jaded heart that expected blabber, I apologise and thank you.

@QED_ 5 лет назад

@and then i said: Yeah. We have to keep on top of ourselves nowadays. Props.

@misscameroon8062 5 лет назад

don`t be so hard on yourself,it`s might be just that you`re growing up,dear;)

@jasondashney 5 лет назад

The world needs more people like you.

@outsidethepyramid 4 года назад

@@misscameroon8062 Women like you; condescending, taking the moral high ground, that has made my heart jaded :(

@misscameroon8062 4 года назад

silly me,I thought you`re a person...

@hawk0485 8 лет назад

seeing the like-bar of this video, when I clicked on it, was as pleasant as it was unexpected

@osmosisjones4912 5 лет назад

What protects Z chromosome and Sea turlds lay hundreds of eggs so only a few females are needed.and I thought ants take turns

@z4k4z 8 лет назад

What could have been a rather dry talk was presented with energy and subtle enthusiasm that kept my attention through to the very end. One of the better RI lectures.

@optimisticwhovian1726 5 лет назад

To be honest she was putting me to sleep but the subject itself is interesting yes.

@danielmcginnis5134 5 лет назад

it was good until the terrible graph at the end

@carlsmith8593 5 лет назад

It's a lot shorter than normal, so you may just be suffering with ADHD.

@optimisticwhovian1726 5 лет назад

Are you saying this woman does an even longer talk? This was long enough. @@carlsmith8593

@carlsmith8593 5 лет назад

@@optimisticwhovian1726 The RI lectures are normally longer. The OP was saying short lectures are better, because they get bored otherwise. I just wanted to counter that feedback on behalf of everyone else. If you can't sit through a 90min talk as an adult, you have issues.

@no_more_free_nicks 5 лет назад

Excellent lecture, I really enjoyed it, the quality stands out. Thank you!

@Lesminster 5 лет назад

Very interesting. Some science based informations always welcome :)

@The1Helleri 5 лет назад

The thing about reptiles is that we're constantly (every few years) discovering populations and one off examples (with captive specimens) of asexual reproduction (largely by the parthenogenesis mechanism) in species we previously thought did not do this. When it comes to turtles I don't know how they fit into this (if they do at all or to what degree). They are not as closely related to lizards and snakes as we once thought. In recent years they've been re-categorized into their own group called Archelosauria. They may not have this ability or perhaps not to the degree that it seems snakes and lizards do.

@allanrichardson1468 5 лет назад

Remember the ending of the Jurassic Park movie!

@DrTWG 5 лет назад

Hi . "It's led a _lot of_ field herpers and collectors to believe ..........." . Sorry to be picky but this assertion means nothing without at least some kind of reputable source. Weasel word positive. No offence.

@The1Helleri 5 лет назад

@@DrTWG You're right. That's anecdotal (coming from conversations I've had over the years which I'm incapable of demonstrating). I've removed it.

@BrazilianBikini38 5 лет назад

One breeding behavior she missed that I feel is very important is the "role reversal" types. In most species the males are the flashy ones, and compete for the females, while females provide the resource heavy eggs and raise the young (when parental investment is done). This was the generally accepted model for breeding--males chase females, females are the picky ones But some species reverse the roles. The seahorse and all related species fall into this category, the bright flashy ones are the females, they arent male as expected. This is because while the female produces the eggs, she glues them to the male. He protects the eggs, and when the eggs hatch, he protects the young until they are old enough to fend for themselves. The male does most of the work. There is a heron in Western Canada where the female is the flashy one. She scouts a swamp, builds the nest, then starts advertising with color and calls for a male. Males come in, examine the female and the nest, decide if it is good enough for him (he is actually pretty picky). If she and her nest meets his standards, he will mate the female, the female will lay a crapload of eggs--and then she will fly off to do it again with another nest. The male is left to sit the eggs, raise the young, and take them on their first migration south, an enormous investment for him. These "role reversal" types changed the theory of breeding, that is why it is so important. It now becomes clear that the better model is "the parent that invests the most in actual calories in the form of physical work is the picky one, while the one that invests the fewest calories are the competitive ones". Usually that is the female as the picky one, but the new theory includes the oddballs that dont fit that model. When it comes to humans, the equation changes at different times, we vary from one type to the other. Some eras all males are nothing but sex machines, trying to breed every female he can, and the flashy one succeeded, while the less flashy males dont get any. In this situation the women are plain and are picky because they have to do all the work. But other eras, females commit more to a man, and men commit more to women, and men arent the flashy ones--the females are the flashy ones in order to convince males to commit to her. Because in these situations the man is putting out a lot more calories, and the males get more picky on their standards for women, walking away from poor quality ones.

@osmosisjones4912 5 лет назад

The Molly might still spread epigenetic Gene expression. Sea turtles lay hundreds or thousands of eggs so only a few are needed. And what protects the Zchromosome

@ascensionblade 4 года назад

hi :) what is it that determines which "half" of the species is the male vs. female for the reversed cases? Is there some genetic marker (e.g. x vs. y chromosome) that is evolutionarily similar across species that makes these investors males? Is it something about the structure of the gametes? is it something about the process that combines the gametes? just curious. thanks!

@davidmicheletti6292 5 лет назад

I find this a very interesting study. I happen to have sexual development that does not fit the norm for male. In my case germ cells failed to full reach the gonads during early gestation. As a result my gender is sort of ambiguous on a physical and phycological level. In addition many germs cells became lost in several areas of the body. The last of these were surgically removed when I was in my forties. The largest of these was 17.5 cm and took on the appearance of a fetus. This germ cell teratoma had limbs, eyes, bones, skin and even some organs. No wonder I felt pregnant most of my life. Lol

@BillyBasd 5 лет назад

Am curious, apology in advance for being insensitive. Can/Will you expound on the germ cells getting lost in your body & one developing in your body? What is this called medically? EDIT: Did not read well. Medically this is called a teratoma

@davidmicheletti6292 5 лет назад

Willis Hampton Most people think that during conception the sperm and egg come together and the sex of the child is determined and no other activity needs to take place for that child to fully develop as a male or female. What people forget is that gender selection is a process that takes place over a period of five to six weeks. During this period of time germ cells are released and they travel though the very small developing embryo. Their final destination is the gonads. But you need to keep in mind that all embryos are more female than male at this stage, in other words the gonads are very much like ovarian tissue. It is the mating of the germ cells that cause these gonads to fully develop as ovaries or testis. This in turn causes the embryo make a much more developed state of gender refinement. They either develop as a adult ovaries or testis. In turn the other parts of the reproductive tissue shift away from the embryonic female to the final real adult gender of male or female. Keep in mind there are over forty or fifty totally different intersex conditions and this is but one thing that can happen during gestation to shape the child. You ask what causes this and the answer is varied depending on the person you ask. Exposure to large amounts of hormones seems to be a factor. A mother taking birth control medications could be a factor. But the environment we live in could also cause it. EDC or endocrine disruptor chemicals mimic reall human hormones and could cause fetal development issues. There are other factors that could cause this to happen. To a certain extent science knows about most of this process taking place but not full process. You see the germ cells do sex the gonads and that is well establish but they also travel though out the embryo during gestation and that suggests the maybe sexing the whole body structure including the brain. Could this be the reason that transsexual have brains that are different than their gender presentation would suggest? Could this be a reason why people become gay or even asexual ? Or are we looking at other factors taking place. In my case most of the lost germ cells were found in the abdomen but I know people first hand who have had them found in the lungs and even the brain. As a child the only outward appearance was one of my testis failed to drop. The germ cell teratoma were still small. At age ten the testis was surgically brough down into place. But they failed to note that it wasn’t really a testis but was infact a ovotestis germ cell. The other testis did develop as a testis but it too only grew to about half of what you would expect a normal testis to be. Ironically I did have a much delayed puberty and even married. To our surprise i was able to produce two children but it took many years to do so. In all I needed many surgeries to save my life. In addition to chemotherapy treatments for stage three testicular ovarian cancer. Hope this answers your question.

@virvisquevir3320 5 лет назад

David Micheletti - Thank you. That was very well written and very well explained. I learned so much! Glad to hear everything worked out well and that you have two children - I was really curious after reading your first post. Good luck on your cancer treatment! If I may respectfully ask a question: are you high testosterone? Do you have typically male interests like hunting and fishing, fighting, watching football, etc., or do you like knitting, crochet, chatting over crumpets and tea? Do you like guy-movies - violence - or girl-movies - romance? I'm being blunt to keep this short. Thank you in advance for anything you would like to share. All the best! And thank you again.

@BillyBasd 5 лет назад

@@davidmicheletti6292 Thank you for answering my questions thoroughly & clinically. Sorry i missed the notification & didn't reply sooner. Am glad that the medical profession was able to help you & allow you to live your life.

@davidmicheletti6292 5 лет назад

Vir Quisque Vir I have both male and female interests. I detest violence of any kind. My testosterone levels have never been any where near normal for a male. That is a good thing as I’ve never seen myself as a male in the classic use of the concept. Yet I have driven our motorcycle all over North America and still do so if my health lets me. Until I was in my mid twenties I was often mistaken for a women. I did so without trying to do so. My persona simply reflected or better yet project the female side of my personality. Some call me transgender and if you bear in mind the word is a umbrella term, then it is true. Yet I tend to be asexual accept of my spouse who is the only person I’ve ever been in love with. For some reason I fell in love with her and no other person has ever caught my interest. My personality would be the same if I were born a women or a male. Gender is not defined as what developed between my legs. My spouse has come to understand and love my body and spirit for what it is. It was never easy for me to preform as a male so we do what we have to do to make things work. It’s worked for forty years so we are doing something right. I do not care for sports other than motorcycling. I do enjoy many women activities but not to extreme either. Treatments and surgeries have done a job to my male sex organs. We do our best to make them work but I’ve never cared if I had male parts or female parts. In other words if a doctor said you need a complete gender surgery in order to live. I would happily hop on the operating table. My personality would be the same after as it was before. I would still love my spouse as I did before. The truth is not much would change for me. Well maybe I would dress with a little better class. I would still love the same movies, books and walks in the woods. I hold hands with everyone now so I guess that would go on. My spouse and I fight who gets to hold new born babies first and that would continue I guess. Lol Oh ! One more thing I tend to be a science geek on every area of science that you can imagine. The reason is by age eight I knew that I was both male and female even though the medical community was half a life time from figuring it out. Because of this I became interested in biology first and then the other sciences. Does this answer some of your questions?

@drewpearcy1 4 года назад

outstanding presentation. humorous. understated.

@WilliamHunterII 5 лет назад

After reading Sykes book, Adam's Curse, back around 03 or 04, I was at a party and discussing how it appeared that men were a dying breed. A young lady there, having had a couple of glasses of wine, became teary eyed and exclaimed, "But we like you guys."

@paulspring 5 лет назад

4:28 This part is my absolute favorite... Listen really close and see if you hear what I heard.

@JoTheVeteran 5 лет назад

Great presentation!

@davidlindstrom4383 6 месяцев назад

This is a very interesting presentation on the diverse ways that different species exhibit and maintain distinctions in the semester, but I was hoping, based on the title for more explanation, or even speculation, about how distinct sexes evolved, or could have done so.

@UteChewb 5 лет назад

A great talk. I knew that sex determination in animals was mind blowing but this was even better than I expected. I didn't expect the impact that sex has on the network of genes, wow.

@kenneth6102 5 лет назад

What I find interesting is that females are perceived as more beautiful in our species, or is it? Female bodies are objects of sexual desire perhaps due to the historical male dominance, therefore the male desires are expressed more. Historically, the male beauty has also made its mark in our art across all cultures, not any less than female. Although there is less focus on the sexuality, the beauty is no lesser in the ideological and philosophical sense. In modern days, with increasing female independence, the beauty and sexuality of man are also increasingly exploited. Would it be a social phenomenon that women are more associated with beauty than men, rather than a biological outcome, as there is an obvious shift in the trend displayed by the media?

@sunsetpalms1923 5 лет назад

Wow. Evolution is awesome!

@bugsandbrushes 8 лет назад

Interesting Lession and speaking pattern is captivating. Thank you so much for sharing :)

@osmosisjones4912 5 лет назад

Actually see men with Two Xchromosomes XRY jumped Chromosomes or even men with to YY Chromosomes have .low testosterone .weak muscles. And low body hair. Maybe reason Y Chromosomes is short because other Genes conflict. So expression of male trates the Y Chromosomes gededcen it's what to expect from Darwinian process of elimination. So Female choice might actually be responsible for the degradion of the Y Chromosomes

@angeluomo 5 лет назад

Very insightful video. Great presentation skills, Prof. Mank

@Hyumanity 5 лет назад

Wow, this was actually a very interesting lecture! I'd like to listen to more of your work Judith Mank :)

@eave01 4 года назад

Thank you so much!

@Tall-Cool-Drink 2 года назад

How did evolution know to make male and female reproductive organs to become compatible with each other? Didn't organisms evolve independently, and separately from each other, w/o knowing what was happening to each other? . Example: For any software systems to connect and be productive, the systems must know about other systems that may want to connect. Each software must know about the location, IP address, User ID, password ...etc... and maybe even the operating system of the other computer systems, before the connection can be successful. So, how did evolution know how to make the connection between two random systems possible?

@Tall-Cool-Drink Год назад

@WHENDOESITEND? How does evolution know it works? Did evolution test the system, like a software engineer would test the code he wrote? So by coincidence there was another counter part system that was working perfectly to test with?

@Tall-Cool-Drink Год назад

@WHENDOESITEND? Caveman came from two parents who had functioning reproductive systems. So, talking about caveman doesn't answer my question.

@Tall-Cool-Drink Год назад

@WHENDOESITEND? Thank you for being another dead-end thinker. Just admit you don't know. You'll be more respected for it. "Guy, it's just...." Just what? 😂 BTW I'm an atheist..... I just got tires of reading "probably, possibly, assuming...." In every document on evolution.....

@amacuro 5 лет назад

I was not confused at all during puberty, luckily. I knew I was intensely attracted to girls since i was 5

@amacuro 5 лет назад

@@DrBrainTickler if you read carefully what I said, the luckily refers to not being confused at all.

@Free_Falastin2024 5 лет назад

Same here. Been attracted to and actively engaged with girls since I was ~6 years old. Zero confusion.

@wayneyadams 5 лет назад

Me neither. Had two girlfriends in first grade, one blond, the other brunette. VBG

@knightheaven8992 3 года назад

@@wayneyadams Yep same.

@Max6711 8 лет назад

Great talk, very interesting and fascinating

@suemick8709 5 лет назад

I've observed behaviour similar to the wrasse with mallard ducks. A pair of mallards , male and female, were puttering around in the water. When the paired male mallard was occupied two lone males jumped in and mated with the temporarily unaccompanied female. It happened very fast and they , the bachelor ducks, wasted no time hanging around for small talk.

@itnazurl 8 лет назад

Does she mix up X and Y around 6:47? Mentions X but the slide shows Y.

@J7116R 6 лет назад

Take a guess.

@chickensinmygarden 5 лет назад

She also talks about a small X and large Y about then. I'm surprised there isn't an onscreen correction.

@seppstarthebest 5 лет назад

@@chickensinmygarden maybe because she worked so much with guppies where the y chromosome is actually larger

@AbhishekBatra 5 лет назад

There are multiple mix ups throughout the video. She keeps you on your toes.

@solarnaut 5 лет назад

itnazurl thanks for posting that... I was only half listening/watching... VERY INTERESTING... and definitely some "weird" stuff … like the way the birds transmit gender... I could see where a talk covering such diversity could get confused, but now you've got me wondering what bad info I've taken in.

@Gaudwin1 5 лет назад

"until we sort of end up with 06:37 the chromosomes that we see today in 06:39 humans a very small X and the very large Y " Shouldn't be the reverse?

@MaiaPalazzo 5 лет назад

She misspelled.

@CC-yh2yq 4 года назад

mai palazzo a very large X and a small Y, she got mixed, as Y chromosomes are basically shortened/ broken X chromosomes through evolution

@hannajung7512 6 лет назад

One of the greatest video on this topic by far.

@bokchoiman 6 лет назад

Awesome lecture. Very informative!

@drdon5205 5 лет назад

Dr. Mank did a fantastic job with her lecture. I enjoyed it very much. Thank you.

@doemijmaarfriet 5 лет назад

great talk, please fix the microphone glitches post-proces

@trespire 5 лет назад

Angler fish looks like my friends mother in law. We always have fish on Fridays.

@nomadde3415 3 года назад

good content

@topgurl9313 5 лет назад

Very interesting. The relationship between the Amazon Molly and the Sailfin Molly is so weird

@katiekat4457 6 лет назад

I wish the necklace wouldn’t hit the microphone and make the crackle and crunching sound.

@shmeet 5 лет назад

18:04 "If you're large and a male it doesn't help you at all..." - 18:18 "...and males compete fiercely against each other and that competition is based almost entirely on size..." WTF?

@senatorjosephmccarthy2720 5 лет назад

Her entire proposal is total nonsense. The hypotheses of evolution doesn't reach the qualifications of a theory. And Nothing has ever evolved on the macro scale, and never will, it being impossible.

@alexojideagu 4 года назад

@@senatorjosephmccarthy2720 evolution is a fact

@alexojideagu 4 года назад

Clown fish don't fight for mating spots so they don't need big males. Being big only helps them lay more eggs. The other fish fight so need big males.

@markburianyk6556 4 года назад

@@senatorjosephmccarthy2720 any of that what I already know is "nonexistent" evidence to go with that most idiotic of claims, or are you just mindlessly repeating something you've heard from some other mindless and fully ignorant individual? I love how you people know so little that you wear the hallmarks of a know nothing ignoramus with pride and act as though it is evidence of your intellectual sophistication, rather than seeing it as the very public self humiliation it in fact is

@shubbar 5 лет назад

This was much more interesting than I anticipated. She is an excellent presenter.

@kishdom282 Месяц назад

The fact that you used the word "unusual" is very subtle, almost like not wanting to expound on the WHY..

@volbster2 5 лет назад

When you spoke about the female guppies you said their preferences to colorful males preserves the Y chromosome. That's pretty interesting. So basically a preference for something can affect evolution?

5 лет назад

I'm wondering how's this video not being reported and sanctioned yet? She's great ;-)

@zetaconvex1987 5 лет назад

Fascinating.

@Sammysapphira 8 лет назад

THIS is what gender studies should be....

@inquaanate2393 8 лет назад

This is what gender studies would be if it were scientifically based at all.

@Leo-pw3kf 8 лет назад

This is a study from from a biological perspective. It doesn't, in any way, negate the socio-historical studies you're attempting to undermine the importance of. Biology doesn't (fully) explain why it's socially acceptable for women to wear heels and not for men.

@sirspookington 8 лет назад

+benblue3 well, this is just biology.... soooo.... yeah.

@niallowens6312 7 лет назад

+Leonardo Santos do you even know why high heels were invented? Take a guess who was more likely to wear them when they were invented. And To say men don't wear them is a lie, just look up Berlusconi, the difference is the men's are inside the show.

@Leo-pw3kf 7 лет назад

Niall Owens you're basically agreeing with what I said. I used the high heels example exactly because men used to wear them in the past, to demonstrate how biology alone is incapable of explaining many behaviors.

@fCauneau 5 лет назад

Great !! Is there another conference on species using more than 2 sexes ? Could be an interesting complement...

@noeldillabough2153 5 лет назад

Females prefer a really long snood...who'd have guessed? :) Very interesting talk, so much I had no idea about!

@wammo12345 5 лет назад

I think she mixed the turtle temperature concept, getting it back to front, higher temperatures cause more males in tortoise and tuatara, possibly the same in turtles.

@popoioopoo2088 6 лет назад

Great lecture. I never thought there were species whose differences between sexes varied this much! LOL Btw, what an interesting accent the lecturer has. Seems like a british accent with some phonetical elements from american english. Does anyone know where is she from?

@popoioopoo2088 6 лет назад

*whe she is from

@popoioopoo2088 6 лет назад

I think I figured it out: she is an american who has been living for a long time in the UK

@graemeroberts2935 6 лет назад

Born in 1976 in Houston, Texas Studied Anthropology at the University of Florida and Genetics at the University of Georgia

@popoioopoo2088 6 лет назад

As I suspected. She seems to have assimilated some phonetical traits of british english . I suppose she's been in the UK for a while

@stereotypish 5 лет назад

some new england accent maine or vermont

@MuadDib1402 8 лет назад

Great talk. Amazing hair.

@DeJayHank 5 лет назад

the mic doesn't agree

@aussiechris5904 5 лет назад

yes glorious red hair

@anjuk6255 5 лет назад

One of the Beautiful talk I have ever seen

@sugraf 5 лет назад

OMG. Who did the sound setup. Why would you put the mic next to the neckless. The constant noise of it is infuriating!

@kennethflorek8532 6 лет назад

She packed a lot into 39 minutes. Wow. I appreciated the succinct details of genetics that made sense of things I have heard before (in birds, bees, alligators) where they had left out some important things. It is worth hitting pause and examining that diagram. I didn't know that there were haploid adults in multicellular animals, as in the male bee. It would be too much to ask whether the Z or W is the ancestor of the X or Y or neither. It would be too much to ask whether the sex system in plants is genetically identifiable with sex in animals.

@osmosisjones4912 5 лет назад

Darwin's model of selection vs Model of Practice and Passed down Gene expression. It's more successful to in process of elimination to lose and gedicen. We see this when conditions get harder. More competition for resources. Life begins to cut back. Brains. Activity . And we see this in Chromosomes. Men with two X Chromosomes XRY jumbled Chromosomes. Or Even 2 Ychromosomes actually have low testosterone. Sperm and body hair. Conter intuitive . But show's that the Y Chromosomes is so short because other Tates conflict with Male characteristics. So Female choice is responsible for degradion if the Y Chromosomes

@Foreseeable1 5 лет назад

That necklace grinding the microphone was quite the distraction.

@miszkam 5 лет назад

supercool video

@TheRoyalInstitution 5 лет назад

Yes! But also - ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-zPqEEZa2Gis.html

@arno_nuehm 8 лет назад

…and necklaces do it with microphones-their love-making sounds drove me nuts.

@davidwright8432 5 лет назад

But only because you're neither microphone or necklace. Please try to see other species' viewpoints.

@ufodeath 4 года назад

@@davidwright8432 Yea, talk about an ignorant brute!

@nickphillips2125 5 лет назад

Most interesting. Thank you

@rjohnson8ball 5 лет назад

I searched "turkey snood" in RU-vid but could not find the video she mentioned at 31:00,

@MrNhojstrebor 5 лет назад

I don't understand anything, but I do like her foot work and poses. Good job with that.

@ErikFord-cg4em 5 лет назад

And I thought her hair was her most attractive feature when I first turned on the video. A thought-provoking piece, presented with confidence and enthusiasm! Thank u both, the speaker and the uploader.

@PhillipYewTree 5 лет назад

Outstanding presentation.

@radiofun232 5 лет назад

Very interesting lecture. Are the mammals showed at 6.22 species that live today? If so, why is that combined with the theory that X and Y chromosomes were once (when?) the same. I always have kind of problem when scientists make analogies (regarding animal behaviour) with human behaviour, like "some ants give up their lives to save the survival of the colony". What happens (in biochemical or whatever terms) when the sailfin molly sperm meets the egg of the amazon molly?

@robertmurdock9750 5 лет назад

I was hoping she would mention that turkeys can reproduce asexually and the offspring are all males instead of female and how that works.

@LotusSpider 5 лет назад

Nice Shitstorm Eris Kallisti Discordia, very much appreciated ;)

@sugitox9864 5 лет назад

In the comments section of most RU-vid videos that I watch I'm going to recommend to all the BAD program makers out there that they should watch THIS lecture as a shining example of how a talk should be delivered! Prof. Mank, in your lecture you do far more than share information! You make the quest for knowledge joyful, attractive, and sexy! Thank you.

@diogenesbezerra Год назад

She actually offered no explanation on how males and females could evolve in parallel. It is a basic but unexplained question. How can you build the whole theory without a strong foundation?

@swatiiyer0 4 года назад

I wanted to see video on evolution came across this video. She is amazing.

@nicholasschoonbeck6866 5 лет назад

Its interesting how male commenters typically have a complaint along with their compliment -

@dexterdextrow7248 2 года назад

Yet the idea that human males and females could posses different traits, even just on average, remains a absolutely Inconceivable proposition to many.

@mandarkumthekar8565 6 лет назад

Judith is good. Keep it up mate.

@Guitcad1 5 лет назад

I'm sitting here listening to this and thinking "Is she an American who's lived in the UK for years and picked up a hint of an English accent? (and only on some words.)" It took me awhile, but right now my money is on her being Irish. That's how close the accents are. I could be completely wrong. Go ahead, have at me.

@levybenathome 5 лет назад

She's American, from Texas, but has studied in different places. www.zoology.ubc.ca/mank-lab/Judith/

@drts6955 7 месяцев назад

Almost definitely not Irish, sounds American or Canadian perhaps. But yeah has a bit of an accent. But the more I listen the more American she sounds

@abhijitpatil9519 5 лет назад

Knowledge is power beautiful speech.

@xandralinest89 5 лет назад

This was an interesting and informative talk, still my biggest take away is how great her hair is

@kevinfairweather3661 5 лет назад

She has so much knowledge, it impressive !

@audience2 5 лет назад

Experts in their field do have a lot of knowledge about it.

@radiofun232 5 лет назад

Is it possible to answer my question: what happens (in biochemical terms) when the sailfin molly sperm meets the egg of the amazon molly, so that the amazon molly can reproduce?

@radiofun232 5 лет назад

@@user-if1de8pt2j She swims alongside her and suddenly she poops out new fishes :)

@sstolarik 5 месяцев назад

Good lord. The necklace on the microphone made this near impossible to focus on this info. It’s all I could hear.

@ramonbril 5 лет назад

This talk was amazing but littered by small (but also crucial) mistakes. I am a nitpick :X

@bebemochi 5 лет назад

Ramon Bril please list them, I’d love to understand this better.

@ramonbril 5 лет назад

@@bebemochi I would but it takes so much time!

@ramonbril 5 лет назад

@@DrBrainTickler It would be helpful if I knew whether I was talking to the women giving this speech - who has put in a LOT of work to do this talk - and not some anonymous who wouldn't give a damn if I spent 90 minutes on producing those nitpick answers. I very much disagree with your egocentrism, it's hurtful to the internet. "It's fine to correct people and argue as long as you're right." How would you know to be wrong without argumentation? All corrections can be wrong. And then to say that you are mostly right. You have a big ego, way to big. That's going bite you in the behind later in life.

@jondunmore4268 5 лет назад

1:23 -- That angler fish fact of the male burrowing into the female is astounding, disturbing and icky.

@JoeNoshow27 5 лет назад

Because she doesn't talk about gender - the sociological influences that impact it; the vast amount of ambiguities between a conceptual male or female brain due to an amalgamation of shared neurological configurations; the involuntary, inherent and biological basis for gender fluidity - the video is generally well received by presumed status quo warriors for not contradicting their compartmentalized views.

@arturhernadi3555 5 лет назад

What a beautiful hair she has.

@MrTommy4000 5 лет назад

Veddy eenteresting.

@Joe-kb1sm 5 лет назад

I know one thing, internal fertalization is lots of fun.

@drcovell 5 лет назад

WHY do a a significant number of British programs have such good content, while the majority of US TV are vapid bullshit?

@MrPageyjim 5 лет назад

She says to disregard the death of the Y chromosome in the estimated 5 million years meanwhile the average mammal species dies out in a million years.

@Giulionegri01 8 лет назад

Very interesting but the title is totally misleading.

@SefniAsheforr 5 лет назад

How come when I look up "How evolution influences sex/gender", this is the only video that comes up discussing actual evolutionary biology and how our evolutionary history has influenced the behaviors of both sexes?

@Uhlbelk 5 лет назад

Nothing in this talk is about evolutionary history influencing behaviors of both sexes. Only a few side comments that x-behavior does not result in reproduction therefore x-behavior increases the passing down of z-behavior genes.

@tomjohn8733 5 лет назад

In the human genome, close related cousin's who mate produces off spring's with birth defects, are animals who mate with siblings effected by this as well? Perhaps albinoism! Etc..! Very good lecture, thank you!

@Pyladin 5 лет назад

We see it with dogs, where inbreading clearly has become a problem.

@stephanmarcus448 5 лет назад

Birth defects are not the result of closely related individuals of any species producing offspring. Inbreeding only becomes a problem if a faulty gene is prevalent in the family since it raises the likelihood of a child inheriting only faulty copies of that gene. A brother and sister will not transmit any genetic defect to a child they might produce if neither of them are carriers of a faulty gene. If inbreeding goes on for generations, however, the problem becomes compounded through simple statistical probability.

@tomjohn8733 5 лет назад

@@stephanmarcus448thank you for a mb swerving my question. If I understand you correctly, if is like Parkinson and dyslexia being enharited but not to all children!!

@hlund73 5 лет назад

Natural selection encourages your genes to want to reproduce as diversely as possible so that they have the widest chance of surviving. If they were faces on dice and you were a five, you wouldn't want to be paired with just other fives in case an extinction event rolled ten. The mechanism is your sexual behaviour. If you have fewer children and invest more in them then reproducing with a sibling is a bigger threat as you have fewer goes at rolling the dice.

@diomepa2100 5 лет назад

It's generally less VISIBLE problem with animals because of larger brood and larger mortality (weed off the failed combinations). If you think about it, species with dominant male/many females is statistically creating a big bunch of half siblings, which would be generally really bad idea. Yet not exactly an issue with make 100 have 10 survive.

@00BillyTorontoBill 5 лет назад

Anyone see the documentary about a a guy who raised turkeys from birth? its called "My Life as a Turkey" - wow... turkeys are interesting. (hint : theres a little surprise at the end)

@hollyhopalong7405 5 лет назад

I saw that years ago. Fascinating! I

@nlo114 5 лет назад

I wish I was 30 years younger!

@ellie698 2 года назад

Is it her necklace that is causing the poor sound quality. Something is rubbing intermittently against her mic. Most irritating The sound engineer should have sorted this out, placed it more suitably to avoid this problem.

@noahcamuso2562 5 лет назад

28:00 best goddam wingmen ever. Wait holy shit is that where the term comes from?

@chloewebb5526 3 года назад

nothing so scientific probably... my guess is Top Gun haha ^~^ Though it is worth noting that even the behavior of "wingmen" carry from species to species, even to humans. Kinda wild to see how carbon copy some of their behaviors are too.

@JackVermicelli 5 лет назад

Her accent is really throwing me. The RI is in the UK, and I tentatively decided that maybe she's from Ireland or N. Ireland. But then I looked her up, and saw that she works in Canada. But then in the video, she says she grew up in Florida! I don't know what's going with that accent.

@larrydaniels6532 5 лет назад

It was easy to guess that she was an American (US version) that assumed the quasi-British accent.

@JackVermicelli 5 лет назад

It's easy to guess lots of things, but that has no bearing on whether the things are accurate.

@larrydaniels6532 5 лет назад

@@JackVermicelli As always, I am correct.

@Genderwang 2 года назад

Definitely some Irish accent in there. She seems to have been based in London at UCL for much of her early academic career and it looks like she didn't move to Canada until after this video was made.

@snowballeffect7812 5 лет назад

Interesting that people in the comments seem to think humans have sexual dimorphism as extreme as angler fish... It's like you all ignored what she says at 3 minutes lmao. She literally says a single gene in humans determines genetic maleness.

@tom-dahl1598 5 лет назад

Because they wish to push an agender. People are generally idiotic.

@jamingaming9251 5 лет назад

Because she know what shes talking about

@flat5sharp11 5 лет назад

@Snowball effect: "Interesting that people in the comments seem to think humans have sexual dimorphism as extreme as angler fish" What a ridiculous conclusion. Based on what? What's "interesting" is that you "seem" to be projecting an interpretation based on your ideology.

@tom-dahl1598 5 лет назад

She literally said that there is basically no difference between male and female brains in terms of genetics.

@jamingaming9251 5 лет назад

@@tom-dahl1598 the brains might be the same but they are wired differently

@dangerdackel 8 лет назад

Think she got her X and Z mixed up

@osmosisjones4912 5 лет назад

Is it possible the Amazon Molly can share RNA or limpid Gene Expression or maybe pass a few compatible genes

@podboq2 5 лет назад

in the future, try to not attach your microphone in such a place that your necklace constantly hits it. :)

@youwhatnow 4 года назад

Is there a point in this video I can fast-forward to that isn't spoilt by the necklace hitting the microphone? It's a very interesting talk but the sound problems are too distracting to enjoy the content.

@chloewebb5526 3 года назад

@@youwhatnow I never noticed through the whole thing, only after the video when i started looking into the comments. Maybe I'm just more used to hearing jewelry in my ears lol

@Genderwang 2 года назад

@@chloewebb5526 I didn't noice it either. Maybe it is more obvious on some sound set-ups than others?

@adelaidevonalleman5029 5 лет назад

This lecture explains so much in male psychology across the spectrum of species.

@TAPriceCTR 5 лет назад

So the Amazon mollies are kind of like asari from Mass Effect? Very interesting

@jlm1567 3 года назад

Her accent though went from sounding English to Hint of Scottish and later American... interesting evolution

@Corpselordx 2 года назад

Wait what, so the Y chromosome's only chance of survival in the long term is if women prefer more diverse males instead of mating only within their ethnic group? Was that what she was trying to illustrate with the guppies example? Her conclusion on that topic was a bit too vague and I'd like to know more.

@KH-mx7bg 2 года назад

No that's not what she was saying. Her point was that the number of genes on the Y would at worst reach an asymptote comprising only genes required for production and success of male gametes. The extreme negative fitness associated with loss of fertility prevents the loss of the Y because the Y is required for human fecundity. She only covered the death of the Y chromosome very briefly because she does not believe the idea to be well supported or serious. The example with the guppy was to demonstrate how selection can preserve the Y chromosome.