The History of Arabic Numerals 

Have you ever noticed that numbers, when getting bigger, grow on their *left* side? That's because we kept the writing order from Arabic when they entered into Europe. We are basically reading them backwards. In Hebrew and Arabic texts the numbers look exactly the same as in the translated text with numerals. And as the video stated, 'Modern Arabic' numerals look neither like the original hindu nor arabic.

@@Cau_No "reading them backwards"?! Luckily, in English, we use the most logical way of verbalising the written numbers. Imagine reading and saying them "backwards", we might end up calling 'everyone not islamic must be murdered', 'peaceful'.

@@WilfChadwick Luckily, I'm not English. Maybe you want to redact your thoughts into clear text, then I might be able to understand what you are talking about. And when you begin verbalising the number from the left, then you start at its highest digit - which is, as I explained, at its end.

@@Cau_No Please don't start a sentence with "And", it makes you appear somewhat stupid. Luckily, i am English. 23 - Twenty (first written and said), three (second written and said). - Drie (tweede geschreven eerst gesproken), en twintig (eerst geschreven tweede gesproken). Arabic is the same as, eg Dutch above, except for the weird 200's anomaly. Which is read backwards? Ps. 13-14-15-16-17-18-19 in English. Backwards?

@@WilfChadwick Yeah, attack the form first before you try to argue the content - really bad style. I am talking about the digits, not the words! You have to align numbers on their right side to sum them up, that's contrary to written text. That's what 'backwards' meant. The names of the numbers were not the point. But to take your example - "drie en twintig en honderd" would for this case be the logical name for 123, as when adding you begin *at the numbers' end*. But we don't do that anywhere in Europe. And I don't give a **** what you think about my English.

Yes, considering the abacus was invented, oh, a mere 4000 years, and was known to the ancient Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, I was actually slightly shocked when he dismissed the ancients as ignorant finger counters. Add in the fact that the ancient Greeks, Hebrews and Arabs had a number system, which though not modern, was far superior to the insane Roman Numeral system. That is, in ancient Greek, for example, the number 847 is written as 3 numbers from the letters for 800, 40, and 7. So it would parallel Arabic numbers in appearance and meaning. That is, in both the Arabic and Greek version of 847, the first number means 800, the second number 40, and the last number means 7, and is written as a 3 digit number.

@@cjsm1006 and how do you add , multiply, subtract and divide with such a system. And with decimal numbers?

Who has lied to you ?? So you're lying to others? You nations haven't got honestly enough, so you didn't succeed in haven't outstanding numeric system back on the days.

ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ 🙏

That's fake There is no evidence of angle thing Also nobody write numbers based on angle

Seeing as how he has 68,000 subscribers they are probably far more views. People just aren’t clicking the like button. So don’t forget to click the like button!

May be islamophobes are actually lovers of them. Or perhaps, Muslims plagued the West.

Because people on RU-vid don’t much care for book learnin’. I think people are here for cooking videos, mostly and cats being cute.

Because the video is full with misinformation. He even called Africa Areb

Well…book learn’n is just another tool of the devil, just like read’n and rite’n ….. ( funny statement @erinmalone2669 as it shows the mind expanded over any limitation of the topic (bravo)…..(though I do think cats are still cute)

Tamil's : Well 🌝🌚

Devnagari: Well 😊

Aage badho ab 😂🐸🐸 sanskrit se liya hoga

Not sure what the comments to this mean but your post has me thinking hard.>I got some studying to do…ty4posting

As an Indian and even someone who learns right, never understood this obsession claiming Indian things are scientific. It's a catch-all phrase that can mean well structured, has an internal logic, cause-effect dynamic etc. The single worst disservice you can do to Indian culture and history is give such wide undefined adjectives and FAIL at demonstrating your own description. All I need to do is to pull up the definition of scientific and ask you to demonstrate a scientific principle. Then these replies follow "That is a linguistic feature, not science" "every language has evolved to reflect it's environment and culture" "high culture has always been self referential, nothing new".

The goal seems to discredit the syrian/iraqi arabs from this invention so he totally ignored the angle concept of the numbers that evolved in Syria/Iraq

arabic

@@zeyadahmed. watch the video

​@@sendbnes still arabic

​@@mewhen9651 cope

@@SwanandJadhav-ww8rx worst response ever kY s p@jeet

@@erathostenes-rq4mi Absolutely correct

Just for taking credit ,

I think cuz a certain famous scholar from Arab Caliphate restructured the numerical system to it's modern day use,before that, the Indian zero was just like the Mexican and native Australian zeros

no developed by an arab not a persian.

​@@crzahmed9707lmao 🤣🤣 Indian zero is actually the original zero

I've heard it both ways. As for the syllables, I think I just read it aloud weirdly, and didn't catch it in the edit lol. Thanks for the comment

Another interesting topic is gemara, the way in which Greek and Hebrew letters were associated with numbers that then became seen as having a sort of magic relationship between names and numbers. Hence 666 and kaballah etc.

And how about the complicated French system used in France? I've always wondered why they never adopted the simpler Swiss French system.

In the base 12 that counted the joints in the counting fingers.

@@erinmalone2669 Yes! This is actually how I count anything above 10 cuz you can do 1-12 on one hand, and multiples of 12 on the other hand (basically turning your hands into a base12 abacus)

Ethnomathematics is a really interesting topic! I hope he does make that video

cool numbers

“Hindu”

Until they learnt what the heck Arabic numerals entailed.

No zero come from arab. In Arabic geometry is called ilm e hindasi. In Arabic hindasi means geometry. The invent the number which they called hindu numeral. It's not come india.. search in Google what hindasi means

@@salim_Salim... The concept of zero is believed to have originated in the Hindu cultural and spiritual space around the 5th century CE. The first recorded zero appeared in Mesopotamia around 3 B.C., and the Mayans invented it independently circa 4 A.D.. In the 7th century, Brahmagupta, a Hindu astronomer and mathematician, developed the earliest known methods for using zero within calculations. He used small dots under numbers to show a zero placeholder, and he was the first to show that subtracting a number from itself results in zero. The word for zero in Sanskrit is śūnya, which refers to nothingness. Brahmagupta and others viewed the zero as having a null value, called “sunya”. The discovery of zero would later change the way civilizations developed. With modern finance, it is much easier to conceptualize trade and business.

@@salim_Salim... you are wrong the first concept of zero was seen in egypt around 1770 bc. then, in india ,greek , china. the only difference is that they use different style to represent it. in india, the use of decimal system, and elaborated concept of zero with zero symbol itself was invented by arybhatt around 500 bc. the zero in arabic is sifr which means void, nothingness. it can be meant literally for nothingness just like similar words you can find in every language but not in arithmetic. as for these numerals, arabas and india were doing trades 1000 year ago which is why you can find oldest mosque after makka in india. there are documented proofs how numerals travel from Arabs to Europeans in which it is clearly mentioned how arabs came to use these numerals from India by trading. yes, you may be right about hindasi ( as i tried to google it and nothing came out) but these kinds of concepts you will find in every country history. but the point is this numerical representation of 123456 came from india. hope you are clear about it and don't take it in hostile manner.

Cause India poor ? Jk jk anyway have a great day

To colonize the minds probably

​@@themorningguy906 india is not poor,india is 5th largest economy

@@GyanTvAmit ik India is not poor , don't get offended mate . There's a lot to overcome too , but i hope India will be great in the future

@@GyanTvAmit just having a 5th largest economy won't cut it , japan is at 3rd place with 4.5 trillion GDP but their population is 1/12 that of India I know these things hurt and the fact that India has been striving on their own (unlike japan who had the help of USA) . But I'm pretty sure India is gonna do good Anyway have a great day : )

I have never heard about it. The system used by Arabs before modern numerals, called Calculation of Sentences. (Which based on the alphabetical order)

Remember when they "made Jesus white"? Let's just say white people went to explore the desert many years ago, carrying the basic measurements of geometry broken down into symbols. Say they were captured, forced to tell everything they know. Then killed. Ta da! "Arabic numerals"

It may be that Dan Brown knows full well that the concept of zero came from India, but wanted his character say that it came from the Arabs.

They learned mathematics in Kemet or ancient Egypt. So, the numerals used were from Kemet, and these Arabic numerals are in fact of Kemetic origin too. Greeks were educated in Kemet in all manner of fields, and they clearly say so in their writings.

يا حبي الارقام في شبه الجزيرة كمان عربيه. 😂😂😂😂😂. تفهم انجليزي؟

@@Azoz-bu7ck 😂بس انتو تكتبو بهذا الارقام ٠١٢٣٣وهذي هندية ونحن في دول المغرب العربي 01234 أرقام الخوارزمي و بالعكس نفرحو لو تحولت جميع الدول العربية للكتابة بأرقام الخورزمي

@@somaalzoy5003 Al-Khwarizmi’s himself took Hindu numbers in his book, his book title was lgorithmo de Numero Hindurum. وقد أخذ الخوارزمي بنفسه الأرقام الهندوسية في كتابه، وكان عنوان كتابه هو lgorithmo de Numero

where do you think Khwarizmi got it from? The forms are not the main thing here, but the number system itself

IKR?! I can’t find any commentary on it. Would love to hear theories abt how that happened lol

If you see historic Things that way, there is nothing that can be proven to have been invented/discovered by anybody.

yes

there are alot more numbers than 12 lol. clocks and time keeping come from the mesopotamians, who used a base 12 counting system.

Mainly because the Indians themselves indulge in more fairytales and random abnox rather than promoting their scientific researches. Instead,they scream over random mythological states spanning from Ukraine to Japan

Arabs modified it to their modern use ,I think that's the reason. Without the modification,the Indian numbers would have remained in that primitive form just like the Mexican and native Australian systems did

When I was in school, the system was called Hindu-Arabic

@@crzahmed9707 actually northern African modified it to its modern use, not Araps. Try again.

​@@crzahmed9707what modification did they do ? They did nothing They only changed shapes However modern shapes come from Europe

And modified to become useful outside India

@@crzahmed9707cope. They were useful from the time Hindus invented them.

@@disorderedenthropydifferent cultures have different means of writing. no the original numerals where not useful for writing ink on vellum.

​@@blank_3768that's fake The number system already existed way before islam Arabs didn't add anything to the number system

​@@blank_3768do you have any brain ? Muslims only translated indian works Alkhwarin himself said these in his books

I mean the guy even thinks Africa is Arap so you can’t blame him for thinking Iran is Arap too. I’m just waiting for him to call the moon Arap😂

whi have nothing to do with this.

I am disgusted that Persians try to give Al Kharazmi as their own. He was not Persian. He was a Khorezmian who is from Khorezm. He was born in the city of Khiva. I live there. Is there any region called Khorezm in Iran?

It’s only an eight minute video, so I don’t think that could be covered in such a broad topic video. It would be a good topic for supplemental.

Why don't they force people by law to give credit to every kind of people (since you're not talking about individuals but ethnicities) at the end of every video for every single invention they needed in order to make that video? From the domestication of the pig as a great food source to the guy that cleans the server room where this video is hosted? This may not seem obvious to you, but here's the answer: Because that's stupid and doesn't help anyone? You need to stop somewhere and you'll never make everyone happy - especially not the modern identity & ultra nationalist crowd. Stop thinking so much in races or whatever. Thats some 19th century sh* and in its ultimate conclusion, leads to hatred, violence and eventually, war.

What did Arebs contribute? Taking the credits?😂

@@John-pk9rw arabs achieve and persians leech

Used hands and feet?

@@londomolari5715 Yes.

The reason behind that is Arab and Indian had a huge trading for food and goods…so they created a mathematical language we call it number

​@@AKGamer-tc6js not they,only hindus create numbers,arabs just copy them and promote in west

The title should be Indian or Hindu numerals as all of these originated from Indian subcontinent

​@@PK-se2jh in your dreams p@jeet the one who created their shape is khawarizmi

@@mewhen9651 lol why are you so angry abdul? I just said this because every number originated from the Indian subcontinent. I am Shri Lankan. Abdul now go boom boom

Is "a" really a word?

Keeps crying only reason it's called Arab number is because European learned it from Arab Arab used to call it Hindu number because they learned it from Hindustan

⁠​⁠​⁠​⁠​⁠@@ujjainsharma9796 would you say English is Latin because of its origin? Or Arabic is Ancient Sumerian? Absolutely flawed! I’ve never seen an Arab call it Hindu. In fact they call it AUTHENTIC Arabic numbers😂. It has a Hindu origin but that doesn’t make it Hindu.

Yeah, they should be called Hindu-Arabic numbers

@@vincenttt8289 no why are you adding Arabs ? Just because Arabs spread it and made little modification? By that logic it should be called as Europeans l number

Modern mathematics is creditable to the Arabs. That's why it's called Arabic numerals. Because before Arabs no one else was able to make a benefit of all numeral systems.

​@@user-uj2tk2tv3z yes I agree, arabs took all the credits even tho this system is indian

@@vincenttt8289 arabs adopted these numbers just like europeans

Hindu Arabic Numerals are actually Indian Numerals because Arabic script is from Right to left but Brahmi script is from Left to right from which Hindu Arabic numerals originated.

The moon is also Moroccan

​@pippo767 The present forms are from Morocco. The system itself from India

​@@Alinorosso2003only shapes are from Morocco Actually they are from Europe

numbers of fez

Al Khwarizmi was not Arab but belonged to Khwarizm which is in Central Asia close to Afghanistan. Khwarizmi himself noted in the title of his book itself that the numbers were of Indian origin.

How does 9 straightened out have 9 angles?

@@eruben2 A stroke through the leg of the 9.

@@irene3196 I just don’t see it. The early numbers, maybe, but how does a 7 have 7 angles? Adding a stroke through the leg of the 9 still doesn’t make 9 angles?

@@eruben2 For the 9 ... 4 angles in the squared off top, 4 angles formed with a stroke through the leg of the 9, 1 angle where the leg joins the top square, total 9 angles. For the 7 ... 1 angle where the leg joins the top, 4 angles where a stroke is through the leg, and a stroke at the left end of the top of the 7 gives 2 angles.

@@irene3196 This is a stupid concept and didn't add any value to the numer system

Just like in 17th and 18th in Europe ,where nationalism got converted to imperialism .

boo hoo

Nope. Cope.

​oh look it's a persian.

India

No