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Machu Picchu, often dubbed as the "Lost City of the Incas," is one of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world. Its history is fascinating and shrouded in mystery to some extent.
Construction (15th century): Machu Picchu was built during the height of the Inca Empire, under the reign of Emperor Pachacuti (1438-1472). Construction likely began around 1450 but was abandoned just over a century later during the Spanish Conquest.
Purpose: The exact purpose of Machu Picchu remains a subject of debate among historians and archaeologists. Some theories suggest it was a royal estate or a religious site, while others propose it served as a ceremonial center or a retreat for the Inca elite.
Rediscovery (1911): Despite being known to locals living in the area, Machu Picchu remained largely unknown to the outside world until its rediscovery by American historian and explorer Hiram Bingham in 1911. Bingham was led to the site by locals who guided him through the dense jungle.
Excavation and Study: Following its rediscovery, extensive excavation and study of Machu Picchu began. Bingham's team unearthed many artifacts and structures, shedding light on its function and significance within the Inca Empire.
Controversy: The ownership and rights to Machu Picchu have been a source of controversy. While Peru claims sovereignty over the site, Yale University held many of the artifacts taken by Bingham for decades. In 2010, after lengthy negotiations, Yale returned the artifacts to Peru.
Tourism: Machu Picchu has become one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, attracting millions of visitors each year. Its popularity, however, has led to concerns about conservation and sustainability, prompting measures to limit the number of daily visitors.
World Heritage Site: In 1983, UNESCO designated Machu Picchu as a World Heritage Site, recognizing its cultural and historical significance. Efforts to preserve and protect the site continue to this day, including restoration work and visitor management initiatives.
Overall, Machu Picchu stands as a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of the Inca civilization, captivating the imagination of people from around the globe with its stunning beauty and enigmatic history.
0:00 Introduction
0:38 Construction (15th century)
1:44 Purpose
2: 50 Rediscovery
3:53 Excavation and Study
5:03 Controversy
6:23 Tourism
7:32 World Heritage Site
8:40 Conclusion
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2 июн 2024
